天津医药 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 1081-1086.doi: 10.11958/20251924

• 流行病学调查 • 上一篇    下一篇

陕西省1~59岁人群白喉血清IgG抗体水平流行病学调查

张超1(), 周天天1, 李思雯1, 汤为君2, 胡伟军1,()   

  1. 1 陕西省疾病预防控制中心(邮编 710054)
    2 汉中市疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-13 修回日期:2025-07-03 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-12
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:huweijun0828@163.com
  • 作者简介:张超(1986),男,副主任技师,主要从事疫苗可控传染病的监测方面研究。E-mail:zhangchao3759@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省2022年重大传染病扩大国家免疫规划项目(陕卫疾控发〔2023〕55号)

Epidemiological investigation on diphtheria serum IgG antibody levels in people aged 1-59 years old in Shaanxi province

ZHANG Chao1(), ZHOU Tiantian1, LI Siwen1, TANG Weijun2, HU Weijun1,()   

  1. 1 Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an 710054, China
    2 Hanzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2025-05-13 Revised:2025-07-03 Published:2025-10-15 Online:2025-10-12
  • Contact: E-mail:huweijun0828@163.com

摘要:

目的 了解陕西省1~59岁人群血清白喉IgG抗体水平。方法 应用分层随机抽样法,于2017年11—12月在陕西省10个地市30个区县抽取1~59岁人群,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测白喉IgG抗体,分析抗体阳性率(IgG≥0.01 IU/mL)及抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)。结果 共6 439例研究对象完成实验室检测,白喉IgG抗体阳性率为85.79%,平均GMC为0.035(0.034~0.036)IU/mL。男性GMC水平和白喉IgG抗体阳性率高于女性(P<0.01);不同地市白喉IgG抗体阳性率为65.25%~98.23%,GMC(IU/mL)为0.021(0.018~0.024)~0.046(0.037~0.055),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);有含白喉成分疫苗(DCV)免疫史组、无DCV免疫史组和DCV免疫史不详组GMC(IU/mL)分别为0.097(0.090~0.105)、0.018(0.018~0.019)和0.027(0.026~0.028)IU/mL,白喉IgG抗体阳性率分别为92.74%、80.18%和85.44%,3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在9个年龄组中,白喉IgG抗体阳性率最低的是40~49岁组(78.39%),最高是1~2岁组(95.77%),随年龄增长呈下降趋势(χ2=200.612,P<0.01),GMC(IU/mL)最低的是40~49岁组[0.017(0.016~0.017)],最高的是7~9岁组[0.190(0.162~0.226)],随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P<0.01)。全程接种后,白喉IgG抗体阳性率随距最后1剂次接种间隔时间延长呈下降趋势(P<0.01)。结论 陕西省已建立白喉人群免疫屏障,但1~59岁人群白喉IgG抗体阳性率和GMC随年龄增长呈下降趋势。

关键词: 白喉, 免疫球蛋白G, 接种, 陕西, 含白喉成分疫苗

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the serum diphtheria antibody levels in healthy people aged 1-59 years old in Shaanxi Province. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select healthy people aged 1-59 years old from 30 county-level disease surveillance sites in 10 cities of Shaanxi province from November to December 2017. Diphtheria IgG antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the positive rate (IgG≥0.01 IU/mL) and mean geometric concentration (GMC) of diphtheria IgG antibody were analyzed. Results A total of 6 439 subjects completed laboratory testing. The positive rate and GMC of diphtheria IgG antibody were 85.79% and 0.035 (0.034-0.036) IU/mL, respectively. The GMC and the positive rate of diphtheria IgG antibody were higher in males than those in females (P<0.01). The positive rate of diphtheria IgG antibody in different cities was 65.25%-98.23%, and the GMC was 0.021 (0.018-0.024) IU/mL-0.046 (0.037-0.055) IU/mL, the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). The GMC of the group with DCV immunization history, the group without DCV immunization history and the group with unknown DCV immunization history were 0.097 (0.090-0.105), 0.018 (0.018-0.019) and 0.027 (0.026-0.028) IU/mL, respectively, and the positive rates of diphtheria IgG antibody were 92.74%, 80.18% and 85.44%, respectively. There were significant differences between the three groups (P<0.01). Among the 9 age groups, the group with the lowest positive rate of diphtheria IgG antibody was the 40-49 age group (78.39%), and the highest was in the 1-2 age group (95.77%), which decreased with age (χ2=200.612, P<0.01). It showed a downward trend with age (χ2=200.612,P<0.01). The lowest GMC (IU/mL) was in the 40-49 age group [0.017 (0.016-0.017)], and the highest was in the 7-9 age group [0.190 (0.162-0.226)], showing a downward trend with increasing age (P<0.01). After the whole course of vaccination, the positive rate of diphtheria IgG antibody and the interval between the last dose of vaccination showed a downward trend (P<0.01). Conclusion The diphtheria immune barrier in whole population has been established in Shaanxi province, but the positive rate of diphtheria antibody and GMC in healthy people aged 1-59 years old show a downward trend with age.

Key words: diphtheria, immunoglobulin G, vaccination, Shaanxi, diphtheria-containing vaccines

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