关键词: 近视, 巩膜, 脉络膜, 视盘, 玻璃体, 视网膜, 综述, 高度近视, Bruch’s 膜

Abstract: The incidence of high myopia has increased yearly, which has been an area of focus for investigation. The complications of high myopia are contributing factors to blindness，such as posterior staphyloma, chorio- retinal atrophy, choroidal neovascularization, optic nerve head and macular defects. The study of histological changes helps clarify the mechanism. With the development of modern technology such as spectral- domain optical coherence tomography and enhanced depth imaging-technique, histological changes in high myopia can be measured accurately. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on various pathologic changes, including in sclera, Choroid/Bruch’s membrane, optic nerve, vitreous and retina.

Key words: myopia, sclera, choroid, optic disk, vitreous body, retina, review, high myopia, Bruch’s membrane