
天津医药 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (8): 827-833.doi: 10.11958/20253285
收稿日期:2025-11-24
修回日期:2026-02-02
出版日期:2026-08-15
发布日期:2026-08-07
通讯作者:
△E-mail:作者简介:鲁青(1977),女,副主任护师,主要从事脊柱外科临床护理研究。E-mail:
LU Qing(
), ZHU Rusen△(
), ZHANG Boyu, YU Hao, WEI Yue
Received:2025-11-24
Revised:2026-02-02
Published:2026-08-15
Online:2026-08-07
Contact:
△E-mail: 鲁青, 朱如森, 张伯裕, 于浩, 卫悦. 腰椎管狭窄症术后患者疼痛与运动恐惧对生活质量的潜在剖面分析[J]. 天津医药, 2026, 54(8): 827-833.
LU Qing, ZHU Rusen, ZHANG Boyu, YU Hao, WEI Yue. Latent profile analysis of postoperative pain and fear kinesiophobia on the quality of life in patients after lumbar spinal stenosis surgery[J]. Tianjin Medical Journal, 2026, 54(8): 827-833.
摘要:
目的 探讨腰椎管狭窄症术后患者疼痛灾难化、运动恐惧与生活质量的潜在类别特征,并分析影响类别归属的因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2023年3月—2024年3月选取天津市人民医院脊柱外科收治的腰椎管狭窄症术后患者作为研究对象。采用一般情况调查表、疼痛灾难化量表、恐动症评分表和12条目简明健康调查量表(SF-12)进行调查。通过潜在剖面分析识别异质亚组,并运用单因素分析及无序多分类Logistic回归分析探究各影响因素对不同潜在类别归属的影响。结果 本研究共纳入184例腰椎管狭窄症术后患者,其中男95例(51.63%),女89例(48.37%)。其心理行为反应可分为3个潜在类别:高生活质量型96例(52.17%)、高疼痛灾难化-高运动恐惧型30例(16.30%)与低生活质量型58例(31.52%)。单因素分析结果显示,不同潜在类别患者在性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住状况、月收入及对疾病的了解程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无序多分类Logistic回归分析显示,男性、中等文化程度(高中或中专)、对疾病的了解程度较高以及月收入5 001~8 000元是患者高生活质量型的独立保护因素;女性是患者高疼痛灾难化-高运动恐惧型的独立危险因素。结论 腰椎管狭窄术后患者在疼痛灾难化、运动恐惧及生活质量方面存在显著异质性,临床可基于此进行精准评估与分层干预,以改善患者预后。
中图分类号:
| 模型 | LL | AIC | BIC | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | -2 899.641 | 5 815.282 | 5 841.001 | |||
| 2 | -2 854.478 | 5 734.956 | 5 776.750 | |||
| 3 | -2 854.478 | 5 707.134 | 5 765.002 | |||
| 4 | -2 826.254 | 5 698.508 | 5 772.451 | |||
| 模型 | aBIC | 熵 | LMRT | 类别概率 | ||
| 1 | 5 815.663 | — | ||||
| 2 | 5 736.567 | 0.814 | <0.001 | 0.62/0.38 | ||
| 3 | 5 707.992 | 0.895 | 0.001 6 | 0.52/0.16/0.32 | ||
| 4 | 5 699.605 | 0.884 | 0.183 9 | 0.25/0.38/0.21/0.16 | ||
表1 腰椎管狭窄症患者术后疼痛与生活质量特征潜在剖面模型的拟合结果
Tab.1 Fitting results of potential profile models of postoperative pain and quality of life characteristics in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
| 模型 | LL | AIC | BIC | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | -2 899.641 | 5 815.282 | 5 841.001 | |||
| 2 | -2 854.478 | 5 734.956 | 5 776.750 | |||
| 3 | -2 854.478 | 5 707.134 | 5 765.002 | |||
| 4 | -2 826.254 | 5 698.508 | 5 772.451 | |||
| 模型 | aBIC | 熵 | LMRT | 类别概率 | ||
| 1 | 5 815.663 | — | ||||
| 2 | 5 736.567 | 0.814 | <0.001 | 0.62/0.38 | ||
| 3 | 5 707.992 | 0.895 | 0.001 6 | 0.52/0.16/0.32 | ||
| 4 | 5 699.605 | 0.884 | 0.183 9 | 0.25/0.38/0.21/0.16 | ||
| 组别 | n | 年龄/岁 | 性别 (男/女) | 文化程度(初中及以下/高中或中专/大专及以上) | 婚姻状况(未婚/已婚/ 其他) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 类别1 | 96 | 57.71±11.83 | 47/49 | 46/23/27 | 4/90/2 | |||
| 类别2 | 30 | 61.67±14.37a | 11/19 | 9/7/14 | 2/22/6 | |||
| 类别3 | 58 | 64.28±12.57ab | 37/21 | 31/19/8 | 2/44/12 | |||
| F或χ2 | 5.168* | 6.400* | 10.473* | 18.434* | ||||
| 组别 | 居住状况(独居/仅与配偶/仅与子女/与子女及配偶) | 月收入(≤3 000元/3 001~5 000元/ 5 001~8 000元/> 8 000元) | 对疾病的了解程度/分 | |||||
| 类别1 | 11/50/7/28 | 24/48/18/6 | 3.83±1.13 | |||||
| 类别2 | 3/16/4/7 | 5/4/16/5 | 3.38±1.14ab | |||||
| 类别3 | 13/30/11/4 | 3/5/6/44 | 3.33±1.11ab | |||||
| F或χ2 | 17.017* | 104.476* | 3.799* | |||||
表2 腰椎管狭窄症患者一般资料及不同术后疼痛、运动恐惧及生活质量特征潜在类别的单因素分析
Tab.2 General data of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and univariate analysis of potential categories for postoperative pain, motor fear and quality of life characteristics
| 组别 | n | 年龄/岁 | 性别 (男/女) | 文化程度(初中及以下/高中或中专/大专及以上) | 婚姻状况(未婚/已婚/ 其他) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 类别1 | 96 | 57.71±11.83 | 47/49 | 46/23/27 | 4/90/2 | |||
| 类别2 | 30 | 61.67±14.37a | 11/19 | 9/7/14 | 2/22/6 | |||
| 类别3 | 58 | 64.28±12.57ab | 37/21 | 31/19/8 | 2/44/12 | |||
| F或χ2 | 5.168* | 6.400* | 10.473* | 18.434* | ||||
| 组别 | 居住状况(独居/仅与配偶/仅与子女/与子女及配偶) | 月收入(≤3 000元/3 001~5 000元/ 5 001~8 000元/> 8 000元) | 对疾病的了解程度/分 | |||||
| 类别1 | 11/50/7/28 | 24/48/18/6 | 3.83±1.13 | |||||
| 类别2 | 3/16/4/7 | 5/4/16/5 | 3.38±1.14ab | |||||
| 类别3 | 13/30/11/4 | 3/5/6/44 | 3.33±1.11ab | |||||
| F或χ2 | 17.017* | 104.476* | 3.799* | |||||
| 项目 | β | SE | Wald χ2 | P | OR(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 类别2与类别1a | |||||
| 年龄 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 2.178 | 0.140 | 1.046(0.985~1.110) |
| 对疾病的了解程度 | -0.867 | 0.647 | 1.794 | 0.180 | 0.420(0.118~1.494) |
| 男性 | -1.445 | 0.622 | 5.402 | 0.020 | 0.236(0.070~0.797) |
| 文化程度 | 3.892 | 0.143 | |||
| 高中或中专 | -1.898 | 1.126 | 2.840 | 0.092 | 0.150(0.016~1.362) |
| 大专及以上 | -0.605 | 2.138 | 0.080 | 0.777 | 0.546(0.008~36.015) |
| 居住状况 | 2.236 | 0.525 | |||
| 仅与配偶 | -2.067 | 1.735 | 1.419 | 0.234 | 0.127(0.004~3.797) |
| 仅与子女 | -3.033 | 2.108 | 2.071 | 0.150 | 0.048(0.001~2.999) |
| 与子女及配偶 | -0.251 | 3.127 | 0.006 | 0.936 | 0.778(0.002~357.112) |
| 婚姻状况 | 1.987 | 0.370 | |||
| 已婚 | 1.896 | 1.445 | 1.722 | 0.189 | 6.660(0.392~113.086) |
| 其他 | -1.225 | 2.067 | 0.351 | 0.553 | 0.294(0.005~16.885) |
| 月收入 | 12.456 | 0.006 | |||
| 3 001~5 000元 | 1.775 | 1.155 | 2.360 | 0.124 | 5.900(0.613~56.782) |
| 5 001~8 000元 | -3.203 | 1.022 | 9.819 | 0.002 | 0.041(0.005~0.301) |
| >8 000元 | -1.675 | 0.983 | 2.905 | 0.088 | 0.187(0.027~1.285) |
| 常数项 | -1.488 | 7.578 | 1.428 | 0.232 | 0.226(0.000~2.150) |
| 类别3与类别1a | |||||
| 年龄 | 0.053 | 0.033 | 2.503 | 0.114 | 1.054(0.987~1.126) |
| 对疾病的了解程度 | -1.525 | 0.694 | 4.828 | 0.028 | 0.218(0.056~0.848) |
| 男性 | 0.030 | 0.612 | 0.002 | 0.961 | 1.030(0.310~3.420) |
| 文化程度 | 8.376 | 0.015 | |||
| 高中或中专 | -3.427 | 1.193 | 8.256 | 0.004 | 0.032(0.003~0.336) |
| 大专及以上 | -0.733 | 2.113 | 0.120 | 0.729 | 0.481(0.008~30.245) |
| 居住状况 | 0.712 | 0.870 | |||
| 仅与配偶 | -0.643 | 1.593 | 0.163 | 0.687 | 0.526(0.023~11.933) |
| 仅与子女 | -1.687 | 1.999 | 0.712 | 0.399 | 0.185(0.004~9.314) |
| 与子女及配偶 | -0.756 | 3.060 | 0.061 | 0.805 | 0.470(0.001~189.092) |
| 婚姻状况 | 1.516 | 0.468 | |||
| 已婚 | 2.426 | 1.971 | 1.516 | 0.218 | 11.315(0.238~538.479) |
| 其他 | -1.056 | 2.486 | 0.181 | 0.671 | 0.348(0.003~45.431) |
| 月收入 | 23.994 | <0.001 | |||
| 3 001~5 000元 | 0.133 | 1.368 | 0.009 | 0.923 | 1.142(0.078~16.690) |
| 5 001~8 000元 | -3.252 | 1.166 | 7.778 | 0.005 | 0.039(0.004~0.380) |
| >8 000元 | -5.758 | 1.175 | 23.994 | <0.001 | 0.003(0.000~0.032) |
| 常数项 | 2.002 | 8.223 | 2.900 | 0.089 | 7.400(0.000~1.45E+8) |
| 类别2与类别3b | |||||
| 年龄 | -0.008 | 0.036 | 0.051 | 0.821 | 0.992(0.925~1.064) |
| 对疾病的了解程度 | 0.658 | 0.742 | 0.787 | 0.375 | 1.931(0.451~8.261) |
| 男性 | -1.475 | 0.688 | 4.599 | 0.032 | 0.229(0.059~0.881) |
| 文化程度 | 2.036 | 0.338 | |||
| 高中或中专 | 1.530 | 1.072 | 2.036 | 0.154 | 4.616(0.565~37.745) |
| 大专及以上 | 0.127 | 1.837 | 0.005 | 0.945 | 1.136(0.031~41.568) |
| 居住状况 | 0.614 | 0.896 | |||
| 仅与配偶 | -1.425 | 1.818 | 0.614 | 0.433 | 0.241(0.007~8.491) |
| 仅与子女 | -1.346 | 2.172 | 0.384 | 0.536 | 0.260(0.004~18.390) |
| 与子女及配偶 | 0.505 | 3.099 | 0.027 | 0.871 | 1.657(0.004~720.275) |
| 月收入 | 12.744 | 0.005 | |||
| 3 001~5 000元 | 1.642 | 1.280 | 1.646 | 0.199 | 5.166(0.420~63.468) |
| 5 001~8 000元 | 0.049 | 1.087 | 0.002 | 0.964 | 1.050(0.125~8.831) |
| >8 000元 | 4.083 | 1.144 | 12.744 | <0.001 | 59.312(6.304~558.043) |
| 婚姻状况 | 0.071 | 0.965 | |||
| 已婚 | -0.530 | 2.056 | 0.066 | 0.797 | 0.589(0.010~33.125) |
| 其他 | -0.169 | 2.457 | 0.005 | 0.945 | 0.844(0.007~104.299) |
| 常数项 | -2.148 | 8.848 | 0.313 | 0.576 | 0.117(0.000~2 380 000) |
表3 腰椎管狭窄症患者术后疼痛、运动恐惧与生活质量特征影响因素的无序多分类Logistic回归分析结果
Tab.3 Multinomial Logistic regression analysis of influncing factors of postoperative pain, motor fear and quality of life in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
| 项目 | β | SE | Wald χ2 | P | OR(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 类别2与类别1a | |||||
| 年龄 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 2.178 | 0.140 | 1.046(0.985~1.110) |
| 对疾病的了解程度 | -0.867 | 0.647 | 1.794 | 0.180 | 0.420(0.118~1.494) |
| 男性 | -1.445 | 0.622 | 5.402 | 0.020 | 0.236(0.070~0.797) |
| 文化程度 | 3.892 | 0.143 | |||
| 高中或中专 | -1.898 | 1.126 | 2.840 | 0.092 | 0.150(0.016~1.362) |
| 大专及以上 | -0.605 | 2.138 | 0.080 | 0.777 | 0.546(0.008~36.015) |
| 居住状况 | 2.236 | 0.525 | |||
| 仅与配偶 | -2.067 | 1.735 | 1.419 | 0.234 | 0.127(0.004~3.797) |
| 仅与子女 | -3.033 | 2.108 | 2.071 | 0.150 | 0.048(0.001~2.999) |
| 与子女及配偶 | -0.251 | 3.127 | 0.006 | 0.936 | 0.778(0.002~357.112) |
| 婚姻状况 | 1.987 | 0.370 | |||
| 已婚 | 1.896 | 1.445 | 1.722 | 0.189 | 6.660(0.392~113.086) |
| 其他 | -1.225 | 2.067 | 0.351 | 0.553 | 0.294(0.005~16.885) |
| 月收入 | 12.456 | 0.006 | |||
| 3 001~5 000元 | 1.775 | 1.155 | 2.360 | 0.124 | 5.900(0.613~56.782) |
| 5 001~8 000元 | -3.203 | 1.022 | 9.819 | 0.002 | 0.041(0.005~0.301) |
| >8 000元 | -1.675 | 0.983 | 2.905 | 0.088 | 0.187(0.027~1.285) |
| 常数项 | -1.488 | 7.578 | 1.428 | 0.232 | 0.226(0.000~2.150) |
| 类别3与类别1a | |||||
| 年龄 | 0.053 | 0.033 | 2.503 | 0.114 | 1.054(0.987~1.126) |
| 对疾病的了解程度 | -1.525 | 0.694 | 4.828 | 0.028 | 0.218(0.056~0.848) |
| 男性 | 0.030 | 0.612 | 0.002 | 0.961 | 1.030(0.310~3.420) |
| 文化程度 | 8.376 | 0.015 | |||
| 高中或中专 | -3.427 | 1.193 | 8.256 | 0.004 | 0.032(0.003~0.336) |
| 大专及以上 | -0.733 | 2.113 | 0.120 | 0.729 | 0.481(0.008~30.245) |
| 居住状况 | 0.712 | 0.870 | |||
| 仅与配偶 | -0.643 | 1.593 | 0.163 | 0.687 | 0.526(0.023~11.933) |
| 仅与子女 | -1.687 | 1.999 | 0.712 | 0.399 | 0.185(0.004~9.314) |
| 与子女及配偶 | -0.756 | 3.060 | 0.061 | 0.805 | 0.470(0.001~189.092) |
| 婚姻状况 | 1.516 | 0.468 | |||
| 已婚 | 2.426 | 1.971 | 1.516 | 0.218 | 11.315(0.238~538.479) |
| 其他 | -1.056 | 2.486 | 0.181 | 0.671 | 0.348(0.003~45.431) |
| 月收入 | 23.994 | <0.001 | |||
| 3 001~5 000元 | 0.133 | 1.368 | 0.009 | 0.923 | 1.142(0.078~16.690) |
| 5 001~8 000元 | -3.252 | 1.166 | 7.778 | 0.005 | 0.039(0.004~0.380) |
| >8 000元 | -5.758 | 1.175 | 23.994 | <0.001 | 0.003(0.000~0.032) |
| 常数项 | 2.002 | 8.223 | 2.900 | 0.089 | 7.400(0.000~1.45E+8) |
| 类别2与类别3b | |||||
| 年龄 | -0.008 | 0.036 | 0.051 | 0.821 | 0.992(0.925~1.064) |
| 对疾病的了解程度 | 0.658 | 0.742 | 0.787 | 0.375 | 1.931(0.451~8.261) |
| 男性 | -1.475 | 0.688 | 4.599 | 0.032 | 0.229(0.059~0.881) |
| 文化程度 | 2.036 | 0.338 | |||
| 高中或中专 | 1.530 | 1.072 | 2.036 | 0.154 | 4.616(0.565~37.745) |
| 大专及以上 | 0.127 | 1.837 | 0.005 | 0.945 | 1.136(0.031~41.568) |
| 居住状况 | 0.614 | 0.896 | |||
| 仅与配偶 | -1.425 | 1.818 | 0.614 | 0.433 | 0.241(0.007~8.491) |
| 仅与子女 | -1.346 | 2.172 | 0.384 | 0.536 | 0.260(0.004~18.390) |
| 与子女及配偶 | 0.505 | 3.099 | 0.027 | 0.871 | 1.657(0.004~720.275) |
| 月收入 | 12.744 | 0.005 | |||
| 3 001~5 000元 | 1.642 | 1.280 | 1.646 | 0.199 | 5.166(0.420~63.468) |
| 5 001~8 000元 | 0.049 | 1.087 | 0.002 | 0.964 | 1.050(0.125~8.831) |
| >8 000元 | 4.083 | 1.144 | 12.744 | <0.001 | 59.312(6.304~558.043) |
| 婚姻状况 | 0.071 | 0.965 | |||
| 已婚 | -0.530 | 2.056 | 0.066 | 0.797 | 0.589(0.010~33.125) |
| 其他 | -0.169 | 2.457 | 0.005 | 0.945 | 0.844(0.007~104.299) |
| 常数项 | -2.148 | 8.848 | 0.313 | 0.576 | 0.117(0.000~2 380 000) |
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