类器官在癌症基础研究和临床转化中的应用

doi:10.11958/20231475

天津医药 ›› 2024, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 28-32.doi: 10.11958/20231475

• 专题研究·类器官与器官芯片（主编·陈怀永） • 上一篇下一篇

类器官在癌症基础研究和临床转化中的应用

司吴雪蓉(), 蒋明^△()

浙江大学医学院第四附属医院遗传医学中心（邮编310030）；浙江大学国际医学院遗传学研究所；浙江大学医学院和国家临床儿童医学中心消化科；浙江省遗传缺陷与发育障碍研究重点实验室

收稿日期:2023-10-16 出版日期:2024-01-15 发布日期:2024-01-18
通讯作者: ^△E-mail：mj2735@zju.edu.cn
作者简介:司吴雪蓉（2001），女，硕士在读，主要从事肿瘤类器官精准治疗方面研究。E-mail：Siwuxuerong@163.com
基金资助:
科技部重大专项资助项目(2021YFC2501800);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32270863)

Application of organoids in basic research and clinical translation of cancers

SI Wuxuerong(), JIANG Ming^△()

Center for Genetic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China; Institute of Genetics, International College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Children’s Medical Center, Zhejiang University; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Defects and Developmental Disorders Research

Received:2023-10-16 Published:2024-01-15 Online:2024-01-18
Contact: ^△E-mail：mj2735@zju.edu.cn

司吴雪蓉, 蒋明. 类器官在癌症基础研究和临床转化中的应用[J]. 天津医药, 2024, 52(1): 28-32.

SI Wuxuerong, JIANG Ming. Application of organoids in basic research and clinical translation of cancers[J]. Tianjin Medical Journal, 2024, 52(1): 28-32.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

类器官是成体干细胞或多能干细胞体外三维培养形成具有特定结构的组织类似物，与对应的器官具有高度相似的组织特性和生理功能。肿瘤类器官能够很好地保留癌症患者体内肿瘤的组织学和突变特征，在构建肿瘤类器官样本库、重建肿瘤微环境、研究肿瘤的发生发展机制以及制定个性化治疗方案和药物筛选等方面发挥了重要的作用，但目前仍存在着一些因素限制了肿瘤类器官的进一步发展。综述类器官技术在肿瘤基础研究和临床转化中的应用及面临的挑战，并对未来肿瘤类器官的发展方向予以展望。

关键词: 类器官, 肿瘤微环境, 药物筛选试验, 抗肿瘤, 精准医疗

Abstract:

Organoids are the three-dimensional culture of adult stem cells or pluripotent stem cells in vitro to form tissue analogs with specific structures, which have highly similar tissue properties and physiological functions to the corresponding organs. The emergence of organoid technology has laid an important foundation for research in organ development, disease modeling and drug discovery. Tumor organoid, as an important branch of organoids, is a transition between cell lines and animal models, which can well retain the histological and mutational characteristics of tumors in patients and play an essential role in building tumor organoid sample libraries, reconstructing tumor microenvironment, studying the tumor development mechanism as well as formulating personalized treatment plans and drug screening. Tumor organoids help clinicians to realize precise treatment for patients. However, some factors still limit the further development of tumor organoids, such as the lack of microenvironmental components, vascular structure, high culture cost and technical difficulties. In this review, we summarize the applications and challenges of organoid technology in basic tumor research and clinical translation and look forward to the future development of tumor organoids.

Key words: organoids, tumor microenvironment, drug screening assays, antitumor, precision medicine

中图分类号:

R394.3

图/表 2

表1 2D细胞系、PDX和PDOs在肿瘤建模和药物筛选中的特点

Tab.1 Characterization of 2D cell lines, PDX and PDOs in tumor modeling and drug sreening

项目		2D细胞系	PDX	PDOs
肿瘤建模	时间	较长	长	较短
	微环境来源	无	小鼠	共培养
	肿瘤异质性	同质	异质	异质
	肿瘤阶段	晚期	晚期	早期到晚期
药物筛选	成本	低	高	较高
	时间	短	长	较长
	高通量药物筛选	快	无法实现	较快
	临床反应相关性	弱	较强	强

图1 类器官在癌症基础研究及临床转化中的应用

Fig.1 Application of organoids in basic research and clinical translation of cancers

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类器官在癌症基础研究和临床转化中的应用

Application of organoids in basic research and clinical translation of cancers

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