天津医药

天津医药 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 653-657.doi: 10.11958/20252735

• 流行病学调查 • 上一篇    下一篇

天津市咳嗽患者诊治现状的流行病学调查

刘丽1(), 胡晓甜2, 钱雪娇1, 蒋萍1,△()   

  1. 1 天津市第一中心医院呼吸与危重症医学科 （邮编300192）
    2 天津市胸科医院呼吸与危重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-19 修回日期:2025-12-31 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-15
  • 通讯作者: △E-mail：jiangping030@sina.com
  • 作者简介:刘丽（1990），女，主治医师，主要从事慢性咳嗽与哮喘等呼吸系统相关疾病研究。E-mail：liuli111cmu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    京津冀区域基础研究合作专项—天津市自然科学基金联合研究项目资助(S23ZX16013);京津冀区域基础研究合作专项—天津市自然科学基金联合研究项目资助(J230030);京津冀区域基础研究合作专项—天津市自然科学基金联合研究项目资助(H2023206909)

Epidemiological survey on the diagnosis and treatment status of cough patients in Tianjin

LIU Li1(), HU Xiaotian2, QIAN Xuejiao1, JIANG Ping1,△()   

  1. 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
    2 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital
  • Received:2025-08-19 Revised:2025-12-31 Published:2026-06-15 Online:2026-06-15
  • Contact: △E-mail：jiangping030@sina.com

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摘要：

目的 调查天津地区咳嗽患者的患病情况，评估急性、亚急性与慢性咳嗽的病因构成及其诊疗现状。方法 该研究为横断面调查并结合短期随访的观察性研究，采用分层整群抽样方法，纳入2022年11月1日—2023年10月31日期间就诊于天津市9家三级甲等医院呼吸科门诊、以咳嗽为唯一或主要症状、排除严重合并症且在津居住≥1年的患者为研究对象。采用统一设计的流行病学调查问卷，问卷内容包括一般资料、咳嗽特征、诊断信息和经验性治疗方案。于治疗后1个月（±7 d）对患者治疗效果等情况进行随访。结果 共纳入2 247例患者，其中男998例，女 1 249例，平均年龄（46.05±15.44）岁。慢性咳嗽1 051例（46.77%），亚急性咳嗽589例（26.21%），急性咳嗽607例（27.01%）。慢性咳嗽主要病因为激素敏感性咳嗽（CRC，58.61%）、上气道咳嗽综合征（UACS，32.83%）和胃食管反流性咳嗽（GERC，5.33%），三者共占96.77%。急性咳嗽主要病因为急性气管-支气管炎（46.46%）和普通感冒（43.99%），共占90.45%。亚急性咳嗽主要病因为感染后咳嗽（PIC，66.72%）。急性及亚急性咳嗽以对症止咳治疗为主；慢性咳嗽中，CRC患者主要采用糖皮质激素治疗（吸入或口服），非CRC患者主要采用针对病因的治疗。治疗后1个月随访，急性、亚急性和慢性咳嗽组获得随访患者的治疗有效率差异无统计学意义（98.66% vs. 98.58% vs. 98.46%，P>0.05）。结论 揭示了天津地区咳嗽患者的流行特征及病因分布，验证了经验性治疗在咳嗽管理中的可行性，为优化该地区咳嗽诊疗方案提供了参考。

关键词: 咳嗽, 流行病学, 病因, 治疗结果, 天津

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of cough patients in the Tianjin region and to evaluate the etiological composition and current status of diagnosis and treatment for acute, subacute and chronic cough. Methods This observational study employed a cross-sectional design with short-term follow-up. Using stratified cluster sampling, patients were recruited from the respiratory outpatient departments of nine tertiary hospitals in Tianjin between November 1, 2022, and October 31, 2023. Eligible participants included those with cough as the sole or primary symptom, no severe comorbidities, and residence in Tianjin for at least one year. A unified epidemiological questionnaire was administered, covering general information, cough characteristics, diagnostic details and empirical treatment plans. Follow-up was conducted one month (±7 days) after treatment to assess therapeutic outcomes. Results A total of 2 247 patients were enrolled, including 998 males and 1 249 females, with a mean age of (46.05 ± 15.44) years. Among them, 1 051 cases (46.77%) were classified as chronic cough, 589 (26.21%) as subacute cough and 607 (27.01%) as acute cough. The main causes of chronic cough were corticosteroid-responsive cough (CRC, 58.61%), upper airway cough syndrome (UACS, 32.83%) and gastroesophageal reflux-related cough (GERC, 5.33%), collectively accounting for 96.77%. Acute cough was primarily attributed to acute tracheobronchitis (46.46%) and the common cold (43.99%), together representing 90.45%. The predominant cause of subacute cough was post-infectious cough (PIC, 66.72%). Symptomatic antitussive therapy was the mainly used for acute and subacute cough. For chronic cough, CRC patients primarily received corticosteroid therapy (inhaled or oral), while non-CRC patients received etiology-targeted treatment. Follow-up one-month after treatment, there were no significant differences in the overall treatment effectiveness rate between the three groups (98.66% vs. 98.58% vs. 98.46%, P>0.05). Conclusion This study preliminarily reveals the epidemiological characteristics and etiological distribution of cough patients in the Tianjin region. The findings validate the feasibility of empirical treatment in cough management and provide a reference for optimizing local diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Key words: cough, epidemiology, etiology, treatment outcome, Tianjin

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