天津医药 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 69-73.doi: 10.11958/20252736

• 临床研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童先天性第一鳃裂囊肿及瘘管15例分析

杨翠红(), 齐非凡, 郭智勇, 刘广平()   

  1. 天津市儿童医院/天津大学儿童医院耳鼻喉科,天津市儿童出生缺陷防治重点实验室(邮编300134)
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-15 修回日期:2025-10-10 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-19
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:lgp414@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨翠红(1986),女,主治医师,主要从事儿童头颈部疾病方面研究。E-mail:cuihongyang19@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    天津市医学重点学科(专科)建设项目(TJYXZDXK-040A)

Analysis of 15 cases of congenital first branchial cleft cysts and fistulas in children

YANG Cuihong(), QI Feifan, GUO Zhiyong, LIU Guangping()   

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Tianjin University Children's Hospital;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Birth Defects in Children, Tianjin 300134, China
  • Received:2025-08-15 Revised:2025-10-10 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-19
  • Contact: E-mail:lgp414@163.com

摘要:

目的 分析儿童先天性第一鳃裂囊肿及瘘管的临床特点和诊治,提高对先天性第一鳃裂畸形(FBCA)的认识。方法 回顾性分析15例先天性第一鳃裂囊肿及瘘管患儿的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、病史、侧别、查体情况、术前影像学特征、治疗方式、并发症、预后转归。结果 15例患儿中男11例,女4例,年龄1~12岁,平均年龄(5.4±3.1)岁。病程0.5~72个月(中位病程4个月)。患儿均为单侧发病,其中左侧6例,右侧9例;囊肿10例,瘘管5例。2例为WorkⅡ型,13例为WorkⅠ型。患儿主要症状为耳后肿物或耳后反复感染。术前均行MRI检查,病变呈等或稍长T1、长T2信号,与腮腺或外耳道关系密切。均采用手术治疗且顺利完成。术中所见与术前MRI提示相符。术后病理均证实符合先天性鳃裂囊肿或瘘管病理表现。随访5~20个月,15例患儿均未见复发。结论 儿童FBCA临床少见,MRI对其具有较好的诊断价值和精确的手术标测作用,手术完整切除病变是目前最有效的治疗方法。

关键词: 先天畸形, 鳃区, 瘘, 囊肿, 面神经, 儿童, 手术

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of congenital first branchial cleft cysts and fistulas in children, and to improve the understanding of congenital first branchial cleft anomalies (FBCA). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 15 children with congenital first branchial cleft cysts and fistulas, including gender, age, medical history, side of lesion, physical examination results, preoperative imaging features, treatment methods, complication and prognosis. Results In the 15 children, there were 11 males and 4 females, aged from 1 to 12 years with a mean age of 5.4±3.1 years. The disease duration ranged from 0.5 to 72 months (with a median duration of 4 months). All cases had unilateral involvement, including 6 on the left side and 9 on the right side. There were 10 cases of cysts and 5 cases of fistulas. Two cases were of Work type Ⅱ and 13 cases were of Work type Ⅰ. The main symptoms of the children were postauricular masses or recurrent postauricular infections. All children underwent preoperative MRI examination, which showed that the lesions presented isointense or slightly long T1 and long T2 signals, and were closely related to the parotid gland or external auditory canal. All children treated with surgery and successfully completed. The intraoperative findings were consistent with the preoperative MRI indications. Postoperative pathology confirmed that all cases were consistent with the pathological manifestations of congenital branchial cleft cysts or fistulas. During the follow-up period of 5 to 20 months, no recurrence was observed in any of the 15 children. Conclusion Congenital first branchial cleft malformations in children are clinically rare. MRI has good diagnostic value and accurate surgical mapping for this condition. Complete surgical resection of the lesion can prevent recurrence and is currently the most effective treatment method.

Key words: congenital abnormalities, branchial region, fistula, cysts, facial nerve, child, surgery

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