天津医药

天津医药 ›› 2016, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 373-376.doi: 10.11958/58528

• 流行病学调查 • 上一篇    下一篇

天津市居民腹泻症状发生情况及就医行为调查分析

高璐1,2,孙忠3   

  1. 1 天津医科大学（邮编 300070）；2天津市疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-06 修回日期:2015-11-12 出版日期:2016-03-15 发布日期:2016-03-15
  • 通讯作者: 孙忠 E-mail:sunzhong126@126.com
  • 作者简介:高璐（1978）， 女， 硕士在读， 主要从事传染病预防与控制研究
  • 基金资助:
    天津市卫生计生委科技基金项目（2014KY22）

The investigation and analysis ondiarrhea incidence and treatment behavior in Tianjin community

GAO Lu, SUN Zhong   

  1. 1 Tianjin Medical University， Tianjin 300070， China；2 Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2015-03-06 Revised:2015-11-12 Published:2016-03-15 Online:2016-03-15
  • Contact: SUN Zhong E-mail:sunzhong126@126.com

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摘要： 目的 调查 2013 年天津市居民腹泻症状发生情况及腹泻后的就医行为， 为今后开展居民腹泻症状监测提供参考。 方法 采用等比例分层随机抽样法， 随机抽取天津市和平区、西青区、汉沽区和宝坻区共 4 028 例居民，对其腹泻发生情况、就医和购药行为、发病后的就诊意向进行调查。 结果 2013 年内出现腹泻症状的人次数为 324 人次， 腹泻发生率为 8.04%。 腹泻发病主要集中在 5—10 月共 241 例（74.38%）， 60~74 岁组腹泻发生率最高， 其次是75~岁和 0~14 岁， 15~29 岁组腹泻发生率最低。 腹泻患者选择就医 121 例（47.08%）， 选择购药 78 例（30.35%）， 未做任何处置 58 例（22.57%）。 腹泻患者选择到一级及以下医疗机构就诊比例最高为 68.59%（83/121）， 二级和三级医疗机构分别为 14.05%（17/121）、17.36%（21/121）。 患者腹泻就医中位费用为 60（20， 200）元， 购药费用为 20（11， 50）元， 就医费用大于购药（Z=2.412， P < 0.05）。 在二级和三级医疗机构就医费用均明显高于一级医疗机构（Z=50.709，P＜ 0.05）； 宝坻、西青、汉沽和和平区患者腹泻就医费用依次升高（Z=74.282， P＜ 0.05）； 不同年龄、有无医保患者腹泻就医费用差异无统计学意义。 结论 15 岁以下和 60 岁以上人群腹泻发生率高， 居民患腹泻选择自行服药和一级及以下医疗机构就医为主。

关键词: 腹泻, 费用, 医疗, 费用, 药物, 天津, 就医行为, 就医费用

Abstract: Objective To investigate the symptoms of diarrhea and the behavior of medical treatment after diarrhea in 2013 in Tianjin City, and provid background information for the future population monitoring. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to investigate the symptoms, medical treatment and self medication behavior of 4028 residents in Tianjin. Results The number of people who had diarrhea in 2013 was 324, and the incidence rate of diarrhea was 8.04%.Diarrhea was mainly occurred in May-October (n=241, 74.38%). The incidence of diarrhea was the highest in 60-74 years old group, followed by 75- years old and 0-14 years old groups. The incidence of diarrhea was the lowest in 15-29 years old grouop. A total of 121 patients with diarrhea chose to go to hospital (47.08%), 78 patients chose to buy medicine for treatment (30.35%) and 58 patients did not do any disposal (22.57%). Among the patients with diarrhea, the highest proportion of patients chose to go to the first grade and the following medical institutions (68.59%, 83/121). There were 14.05% (17/121) and 17.36% (21/121) patients chose to go to the second and the third levels of medical institutions for the treatment. The av⁃ erage cost for patients with diarrhea was 60 (20, 200) yuan. The purchasing expenditure median was 20 (11,50) yuan. The medical spending was more than the purchase of medicines (Z=2.412, P < 0.05). The average cost of medical treatment was more higher in the second and the third levels of medical institutions than that of the first medical institution (Z=50.709， P＜ 0.05). The average cost of medical treatment was in turn increased for patients with diarrhea treated in Baodi county, Xiqing county, Hangu county and Heping county (Z=74.282， P＜ 0.05). There was no statistical significance in medical expenses be⁃ tween patients with different ages and patient with or without medical insurance. Conclusion There are high incidence of diarrhea in patients under 15 years old and patients over 60 years old. Residents suffering from diarrhea mainly choose their own medicine and the treatment in the first and following medical institutions.

Key words: diarrhea, fees, medical, fees, pharmaceutical, Tianjin, medical treatment, medical expenses