天津医药

天津医药 ›› 2018, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 314-317.doi: 10.11958/20180145

• 流行病学调查 • 上一篇    下一篇

天津市大港油田中小学生眼底疾病的流行病学调查

周伟，王梅艳，徐凤，由彩云，孟祥达，颜华   

  1. 1天津医科大学总医院眼科（邮编300052）；2天津市海滨人民医院眼科
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-26 修回日期:2018-02-11 出版日期:2018-03-15 发布日期:2018-03-23
  • 通讯作者: 颜华 E-mail:phuayan2000@yahoo.com

An epidemiological survey of ocular fundus diseases in primary and secondary school students of Dagang Oilfield in Tianjin

ZHOU Wei, WANG Mei-yan, XU Feng, YOU Cai-yun, MENG Xiang-da, Yan Hua   

  1. 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China;2 Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Seaside People’s Hospita
  • Received:2018-01-26 Revised:2018-02-11 Published:2018-03-15 Online:2018-03-23
  • Contact: Hua Yan E-mail:phuayan2000@yahoo.com

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摘要： 目的 了解中小学生可能罹患的眼底疾病，并了解这些疾病的患病率和构成比。方法 本次流行病学调查共抽取 2015 年 11 月—2017 年 2 月大港油田总部直属的所有中小学。共调查中小学生 9 504 例，其中男 4 998例，女 4 506 例，年龄 5～23 岁，平均（13.40±3.41）岁。调查项目包括裸眼视力和眼底照相检查。统计调查对象的眼病分布情况，以及主要疾病类别患者的性别、视力及年龄构成。结果 9 504 例中正视眼 4 314 例，屈光异常 5 190例；正常眼底 9 126 例（96.02%），异常眼底 378 例（3.98%），主要为豹纹状眼底 354 例（3.72%），其次是视盘大凹陷 16例（0.17%），多是生理性的大视杯。354 例豹纹状眼底患者中男 179 例，女 175 例；以视力≤0.3/0.3 为主，达 257 例，17～19 岁受检学生中患病率（5.86%）较高。结论 中小学生主要的异常眼底为豹纹状眼底，大部分是由中高度近视引起，少部分是正视眼出现的豹纹状眼底；并且豹纹状眼底随着年龄增长发病率明显增高；视盘大凹陷是第二位的青少年异常眼底，多是生理性的大视杯。

关键词: 眼底, 眼疾病, 流行病学研究, 天津, 大港油田, 中小学生

Abstract: Objective To study the fundus diseases that primary and middle school students may be susceptible to suffer, and to understand the prevalence rate and constituent ratio of these diseases. Methods A total of 9 504 students were examined from November 2015 to February 2017 to find out their ocular fundus conditions. They were from all the primary and secondary schools directly subordinate to Dagang Oilfield headquarters. Among the 9 504 participants 4 998 were male and 4 506 were female, with the age span of 5 to 23 and the average age of (13.40±3.41). Our medical examination included uncorrected visual acuity examination and fundus oculi photography. The distribution of fundus diseases was analyzed, including gender, vision acuity and age composition of patients with major diseases. Results Among the 9 504 students, 4 314 had emmetropic eyes, and 5 190 had refractive errors. A total of 9 126 out of the 9 504 examined students had normal ocular fundus (96.02%), while those with abnormal ocular fundus accounted for 378 (3.98%). The main types of abnormal ocular fundus included the tessellation fundus 354 (3.72%), followed by the large depression of optic disk 16 (0.17%). Among all the 354 cases with tessellation fundus, 179 were male and 175 were female. There were 257 students whose visual acuity ≤0.3 / 0.3, and the prevalence was higher in 17-19 years old students (5.86%). Conclusion It has been revealed in this epidemiological survey that the main abnormal ocular fundus of primary and middle school students in Dagang is tessellation fundus. Most of the tessellation fundus are caused by middle and high myopia, and very few are found in emmetropic students. It has also been found that the incidence of tessellation fundus increases significantly with the increase of age. The large depression of optic disk ranks the second in the abnormal ocular fundus, which is mostly physiological.

Key words: fundus oculi, eye diseases, epidemiologic studies, TIANJIN, Dagang oilfield, primary and secondary school