Abstract: [Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of Erhuang decoction on TGF-β1expression of lung tiusses and the concentrations of IL-33in asthmatic rats. Methods Fifty Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups equally: Control group, Asthmatic group, Budesonide aerosol group, High-dose Erhuang decoction group (68g/kg)and Low dose Erhuang decoction group(17g/kg). The model of asthma was established by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitizing and challeng? ing. Then Erhuang decoction and budesonide aerosol was used respectively for intervention therapy. Histologic HE staining were used to observe the general pathologic alteration and to analyze the total bronchial wall area (Wat) and the muscle wall area(Wam). The protein expressions of TGF-β1 in the lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The concentra? tions serum IL-33 and BALF were tested by sandwich ELISA. Results There was significant reduction in the infiltrated inflammatory cells in all drug intervention groups compared with asthma group; The Wat and Wam in asthmatic group was significantly higher in than those in Budesonide aerosol group，High-dose Erhuang decoction group and Low-dose Erhuang decoction group ( Watμm 2 /μm :54.99±8.82, 52.28±7.61, 58.53±7.63vs79.50±5.64, P＜0.05; Wam μm 2 /μm :22.74±2.73, 20.63±1.72, 21.20±4.50vs 30.16±1.68, P＜0.05); Compared with control group, BALF and serum IL-33concentration were significantly higher in asthmatic group. Compared with asthmatic group, all the indicators were significantly decrease in the treatment groups after drug intervention (P＜0.05). Andthere was no significant difference between the treatment groups in all the indicators. TGF-β1expression in lung tissues in asthmatic group were significantly higher than that in control group (12.60±2.25vs1.67±0.17). Compared with asthmatic group, there was significantly reduction of TGF-β1 expression in the Budesonide aerosol group (5.51±2.48), High-dose Erhuang decoction group (5.22±2.52) and Low-dose Erhuang decoction group (6.92±2.18) (P＜0.05). There were no significant difference between the treatment groups. TGF-β1 expression and se? rum IL-33concentration in asthmatic rats were positively correlated with Wat and Wam.Conclusion The effects of Er? huang decotion on ameliorating the progression of airway remodeling about asthmatic rats may be partially by regulating TGF-β1and IL-33.