天津医药

天津医药 ›› 2021, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 651-655.doi: 10.11958/20210097

• 流行病学调查 • 上一篇    下一篇

天津市35岁以上居民对急性心肌梗死危险因素的知晓现状及影响因素 #br#

韩鹏，马静，张楠 ，肖健勇 ，王静娴 ，王缘 ，许仕博，高静 ，刘寅
  

  1. 1天津医科大学（邮编300070）；2天津市胸科医院心血管病研究所，3心内科；4天津医科大学胸科临床学院

  • 收稿日期:2021-01-15 修回日期:2021-04-13 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 刘寅 E-mail:liuyin2088@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    2020年天津市重点研发计划科技支撑重点项目;2016年天津市科技重大专项与工程项目;天津市科技计划项目

The awareness status and influencing factors of risk factors of acute myocardial infarction in residents over 35 years old in Tianjin #br#

HAN Peng, MA Jing, ZHANG Nan, XIAO Jian-yong, WANG Jing-xian, WANG Yuan, XU Shi-bo, GAO Jing, LIU Yin #br#   

  1. 1 Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; 2 Cardiovascular Institute, 3 Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital; 4 Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University
  • Received:2021-01-15 Revised:2021-04-13 Published:2021-06-15 Online:2021-06-15

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摘要： 目的 了解天津市35岁以上社区居民对急性心肌梗死（AMI）危险因素的认知现状，为制定针对性健康教育对策提供依据。 方法 多阶段分层随机抽取天津市4 122名35岁以上居民，采用自行设计的调查问卷进行AMI危险因素的知晓情况调查。采用多因素Logistic回归分析可能影响AMI危险因素良好认知的因素。 结果 居民对AMI危险因素的平均知晓个数为（5.1±2.9）个；10.9%（451人）的调查对象能够识别出全部10个危险因素，2.6%（107人）的调查对象不能识别出任何AMI危险因素。知晓率较高的3个AMI危险因素依次为高血压（70.0%）、早发冠心病家族史（62.2%）和高脂血症（58.3%）。人均月收入≥8 000 元（OR=1.533，95%CI：1.110~2.118）、有医疗保险（OR=3.106，95%CI：1.941~4.969）、高血压（OR=1.338，95%CI：1.160~1.543）、每年定期体检（OR=1.447，95%CI：1.256~1.668）、直系亲属有心血管疾病史（OR=1.580，95%CI：1.378~1.811）以及大学及以上受教育程度（OR=1.322，95%CI：1.139~1.535）是AMI危险因素良好知晓水平的独立影响因素。 结论 天津市35岁以上居民对AMI危险因素的认知处于中等水平，仍然缺乏充分的认知，亟需行之有效的针对性宣教策略以提高居民对危险因素的认知水平，尤其是低收入，低受教育水平以及糖尿病群体，从而实现对可控危险因素的早期干预，降低AMI发病率。

关键词: 心肌梗死, 急性病, 心血管疾病, 危险因素, 横断面研究, 知晓现状

Abstract: Objective To investigate the awareness of the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in community residents over 35 years old in Tianjin and provide a basis for formulating targeted health education. Methods Multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to select 4 122 community residents over 35 years old in Tianjin, and selfdesigned questionnaires were used to investigate the awareness of AMI risk factors. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors that may affect the good knowledge of AMI risk factors. Results The average number of AMI risk factors that community residents could correctly identify was (5.1±2.9). 10.9% (451 cases) of the respondents could identify all the 10 risk factors, while 2.6% (107 cases) of the respondents could not identify any AMI risk factors. The three most-known risk factors for AMI were hypertension (70.0%), family history of premature coronary heart disease (62.2%) and hyperlipidemia (58.3%). Per capita monthly income ≥ 8 000 yuan (OR=1.533, 95%CI: 1.110-2.118), having medical insurance (OR=3.106, 95%CI: 1.941-4.969), hypertension (OR=1.338, 95%CI: 1.160-1.543), regular annual physical examination (OR=1.447，95%CI: 1.256-1.668), immediate family members with history of cardiovascular disease (OR=1.580, 95%CI: 1.378-1.811) and university and above education (OR=1.322, 95%CI: 1.139-1.535) showed a relatively high level of cognition of risk factors for AMI. Conclusion Residents over 35 years old in Tianjin havea moderate level of cognition for AMI risk factors, and they still lack sufficient knowledge. There is an urgent need for effective targeted education strategies to improve community residents’awareness of risk factors for AMI, especially low-income, low-level education and diabetes persons, so as to achieve the early intervention of controllable risk factors and reduce the incidence of AMI.

Key words: myocardial infarction, acute disease, cardiovascular diseases, risk factors, cross-sectional studies, awareness status