关键词: 黑色素瘤, 抗药性, 肿瘤, 分子靶向治疗, 免疫疗法, 原癌基因蛋白质B-raf, 丝裂原激活蛋白激酶激酶类, 酶抑制剂, BRAF突变型

Abstract: Melanoma is the primary malignant tumor of the skin with a very high morbidity and fatality, of which 50% are caused by viral infection of proto-oncogene BRAF mutation. The combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors is the main treatment of BRAF mutant melanoma, but there have been some drug resistance and drug side effects. Currently, resistance of BRAF mutant melanoma is considered to include primary resistance, adaptive resistance and secondary resistance, and corresponding molecular mechanisms are related and different. At the same time, in order to reduce the incidence of drug resistance in BRAF mutant melanoma, some progress has been made in basic research and clinical application of new target inhibitors, immunotherapy and epigenetics. In this paper, we will summarize the possible mechanism of drug resistance in BRAF mutant melanoma and the current situation and prospects of optimized treatments.

Key words: melanoma, drug resistance, neoplasm, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, proto-oncogene proteins B-raf, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases, enzyme inhibitors, BRAF mutation type