树突状细胞外泌体作为疫苗载体的研究进展

doi:10.11958/20252450

天津医药 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 1115-1120.doi: 10.11958/20252450

• 综述 • 上一篇

树突状细胞外泌体作为疫苗载体的研究进展

徐彤¹(), 张微², 刘永辉²^,^△()

¹ 天津中医药大学第一附属医院，国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心（邮编 300073）
² 天津工业大学化学学院

收稿日期:2025-07-09 修回日期:2025-07-23 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-12
通讯作者: ^△E-mail：liuyonghui@tiangong.edu.cn
作者简介:徐彤（1990），女，主管药师，主要从事疫苗佐剂和递送载体方面研究。E-mail：xu_tjtcm@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82103984)

Research progress of dendritic cell exosomes as vaccine carriers

XU Tong¹(), ZHANG Wei², LIU Yonghui²^,^△()

¹ First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300073, China
² School of Chemistry, Tiangong University

Received:2025-07-09 Revised:2025-07-23 Published:2025-10-15 Online:2025-10-12
Contact: ^△E-mail：liuyonghui@tiangong.edu.cn

徐彤, 张微, 刘永辉. 树突状细胞外泌体作为疫苗载体的研究进展[J]. 天津医药, 2025, 53(10): 1115-1120.

XU Tong, ZHANG Wei, LIU Yonghui. Research progress of dendritic cell exosomes as vaccine carriers[J]. Tianjin Medical Journal, 2025, 53(10): 1115-1120.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肿瘤疫苗在激发特异性抗肿瘤免疫方面存在抗原递送效率低与载体副作用大等挑战。树突状细胞外泌体（Dex）作为一种内源性纳米囊泡，凭借优异的生物相容性、靶向递送能力及固有免疫活性分子负载，为新型疫苗载体的开发提供了新策略。Dex可高效递送肿瘤抗原，通过直接激活T、B、自然杀伤（NK）细胞或间接促进抗原交叉呈递，重塑免疫抑制微环境，从而激发高效抗肿瘤免疫应答。基于Dex作为载体的疫苗在肝细胞癌、黑色素瘤等模型中展现出显著抑制肿瘤生长、延长生存期的效果。该文综述了Dex的生物学特性、作为疫苗载体的优势及其在不同肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展，为Dex在疫苗载体领域的进一步研究提供参考和思路，推动其在临床应用中的突破。

关键词: 树突细胞, 外泌体, 免疫疗法, 肿瘤疫苗, 抗肿瘤免疫, 疫苗载体

Abstract:

Tumor vaccines face challenges such as low antigen delivery efficiency and significant side effects of carriers in stimulating specific anti-tumor immunity. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex), as endogenous nanovesicles, provide a new strategy for the development of novel vaccine carriers due to their excellent biocompatibility, targeted delivery capability and the ability to load intrinsic immune-active molecules. Dex can efficiently deliver tumor antigens, directly activate T, B and NK cells or indirectly promote antigen cross-presentation, and reshape the immune-suppressive microenvironment, thereby triggering a potent anti-tumor immune response. Studies have shown that Dex-based vaccines exhibit significant effects in inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging survival in models such as hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. This review summarizes the biological properties of Dex, its advantages as a vaccine carrier and the research progress in different tumor immunotherapies, aiming to provide references and ideas for further research on Dex in the field of vaccine carriers and to promote breakthroughs in its clinical application.

Key words: dendritic cells, exosomes, immunotherapy, tumor vaccine, anti-tumor immunity, vaccine carrier

中图分类号:

R730.3

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树突状细胞外泌体作为疫苗载体的研究进展

Research progress of dendritic cell exosomes as vaccine carriers

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