关键词: 基因组, 线粒体, 序列分析, DNA, 基因扩增, 第二代测序, 线粒体假基因, 长 PCR

Abstract: Abstract: Mitochondria, the power house of cells, are important organelles in eukaryotic cells. Having their own unique and complete DNA (mtDNA) and genetic system, mitochondria play an essential role in cellular energy metabolism, intracel⁃ lular signaling and apoptotic pathways, as well as many other biological functions, which are closely related with cellular met⁃ abolic network. A disruption of mitochondrial genes can therefore result in mitochondrial dysfunction and human diseases, thus they have been widely used in molecular biology, development biology, genetics, forensic identification and clinical diag⁃ nosis. Consequently, sequencing mitochondrial genome has shown great significance in mitochondrial structure and function research. In this review, research progress in mitochondrial genome sequencing method is summarized, mainly focusing on Sanger sequencing, long-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Also rolling circle amplification and indirect sequencing of mtDNA are reviewed. The ambiguities caused by numts in indirect sequencing are mentioned and resolved.

Key words: genome, mitochondrial, sequence analysis, DNA, gene amplification, next-generation sequencing, numts, long PCR