Abstract: Objective　To observe the effect of inhaled N-acetylcysteine nebulization in patients with acute sinusitis, and its influence on the inflammatory factors and immune factors. Methods　A total of 164 patients with acute sinusitis were selected and divided into experimental group (n=82) and control group (n=82) by random number table. The control group was treated with conventional drugs, and the experimental group was treated with conventional drugs combined with N-acetylcysteine nebulized inhalation. Chemical luminescent immunoanalysis was used for the detection of serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 before and after treatment. The scattering immunoturbidimetric assay was used for the detection of immune factor levels (IgG, IgA and IgM). The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, Lund-Kennedy scores in nasal endoscopy and treatment effect were also compared between the two groups of patients. Results　Compared with before treatment, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in the two groups were significantly reduced, the levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM were increased, and the scores of VAS and Lund-Kennedy were significantly reduced. The changes of the above indicators in the group were more significant than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). During the treatment period, all patients had no adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, rash, pruritus, and no complications such as intraorbital infection, optic neuritis, blindness, intracranial infection, etc. Conclusion　The inhalation of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis is safe and effective, and which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Key words: sinusitis, acetylcysteine, administration, inhalation, N-acetylcysteine for inhalation, nebulization treatment