Abstract: Abstract: Objective　To explore the applicative value of rapid on-site cytological evaluation(C-ROSE) for percutaneous lung biopsy. Methods　A total of 291 patients with intrapulmonary diseases underwent percutaneous lung biopsy were included in this study. Patients were divided into C-ROSE group (n=148) and non- C-ROSE group (n=143) according to whether C-ROSE was used during the operation. Clinical data, puncture conditions and complications were compared between the two groups.The sensitivity of C-ROSE cytological diagnosis and the consistency with the final histological diagnosis were analyzed. Results　In 148 patients of C-ROSE group, 137 cases (92.6%) were received satisfactory specimens, and the final pathological diagnosis rate was 93.9%. Of the 143 non- C-ROSE patients, 120 (83.9%) obtained satisfactory specimens, and the final pathological diagnosis rate was 86.0%. The sample satisfaction and final pathological diagnosis rate were better in the C-ROSE group than those of the non-C-ROSE group (all P＜0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of C-ROSE control for final histopathological diagnosis were 88.0% (81/92) and 96.4% (54/56), with good consistency in diagnosis (Kappa value was 0.819). In the C-ROSE group, the biopsy time was (15.32±2.81) min, and the average number of puncture needles was (1.41±0.55) times. The biopsy time was (14.08±2.33) min in the non- C-ROSE group and the average number of puncture needles was (1.20±0.40) times. The biopsy time and the number of puncture needles were higher in the C-ROSE group than those in the non- C-ROSE group (all P＜0.01). In the C-ROSE group, pneumothorax occurred in 18 patients (12.2%) and pulmonary hemorrhage in 14 patients (9.5%). In the non- C-ROSE group, pneumothorax occurred in 22 patients (15.4%) and pulmonary hemorrhage in 14 patients (9.8%).There were no statistically significant differences in the complications of pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage between the two groups (all P＞0.05). Conclusion　C-ROSE percutaneous lung biopsy can guide surgeons to take materials, improve the success rate and diagnosis rate of biopsy, and C-ROSE also has high sensitivity and consistency with histological diagnosis in cytological diagnosis, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Key words: thoracentesis, cytological techniques, rapid on-site evaluation, lung lesions