Abstract: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system mediateNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system mediated by humoral immunity. It is characterized by inflammatory demyelination of the spinal cord and optic nerve, which may lead to paralysis and blindness. In addition to traditional immunosuppressants, more and more new drugs are used in the treatment of NMOSD, such as rituximab and inebilizumab targeting B cells, tocilizumab and satralizumab inhibiting interleukin-6 receptor and eculizumab blocking complement mediated cytotoxicity and secondary inflammation. In recent years, the results of several randomized clinical trials of these monoclonal antibody drugs have been published. This paper will review the research progress of these targeted drugs in the treatment of NMOSD from the aspects of the mechanism of action, efficacy and adverse reactions.

Key words: neuromyelitis optica, aquaporin 4, antibodies, monoclonal, rituximab, clinical trial, molecular targeted therapy