Abstract: Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and vascular complications in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the possible mechanism thereof. Methods: The collected clinical data of 1040 patients with T2DM were retrospectively reviewed. According to SUA levels, 1040 patients of T2DM were divided into hyperuricemia (HUA) group (SUA≥420 μmol/L, n=117) and normal uric acid (NUA) group (n=923). The differences in clinical indicators and the incidence of vascular complications were compared between patients of two groups. Results: (1) The incidence rates of diabetic nephropathy (DN), hypertension and cerebrovascular complications were significantly higher in patients of HUA group than those of NUA group (P<0.01). (2) There were significant differences in body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) between HUA group and NUA group (P<0.05). (3)The multivariable non-conditional Logistic analysis showed that the values of BMI, TG, HDL-C and HbA1c were influencing factors of SUA. Conclusion: The incidence of vascular complications was higher in T2DM patients with hyperuricemia. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the risk factor of SUA.