Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of nasal high-frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV) on pulmonary oxygenation capacity, carbon dioxide (CO2) retention and acidosis in children with neonatal respiratory failure (NRF).Methods The clinical data of 62 child patients with NRF who underwent nasal HFOV (nHFOV group) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV group) were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical efficacy, occurrence of complications during treatment [barotrauma, intracranial hemorrhage, lung air leaks,pneumothorax, ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)] and treatment time of surviving patients (mechanical ventilation time, oxygen therapy time, total hospital stay) were recorded in the two groups. The blood gas analysis indicators [arterial partial pressure of blood oxygen p(O2), arterial partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide p(CO2), pH value] and respiratory function indicators [oxygenation index (OI), fraction of inspiration oxygen (FiO2), mean airway pressure (MAP)] were compared before treatment (T0), at 12 h after treatment (T1) and at 24 h after treatment (T2) between the two groups. Results The clinical efficacy was significantly better in nHFOV group than that in CMV group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary air leaks and pneumothorax between the two groups (P＞0.05). The incidence rates of barotrauma and VAP and the mechanical ventilation time, oxygen therapy time and total hospital stay of surviving patients were significantly lower in nHFOV group than those in CMV group (P＜0.05). The blood gas analysis indicators［p(O2) and pH］in the two groups at each time point showed those at T0＜at T1＜at T2 (P＜0.05), and the comparison of p(CO2) level and respiratory function indicators (OI, FiO2 and MAP) showed those at T0＞at T1＞ at T2 (P＜0.05). And at T1 and T2, the p(O2) and pH levels were significantly higher in nHFOV group than those in CMV group (P＜0.05), and the p(CO2) level and OI, FiO2 and MAP levels were significantly lower than those in CMV group (P＜0.05). Conclusion nHFOV has good effects in the treatment of NRF,and it can improve the pulmonary oxygenation function, correct the states of CO2 retention and acidosis, and avoid the occurrence of barotrauma. And it is beneficial to the disease recovery.

Key words: neonatal respiratory failure, nasal high-frequency oscillation ventilation, conventional mechanical ventilation, acidosis