Abstract: Abstract: Objective To explore the reasons why critical hand，foot and mouth disease with pulmonary hemorrhage were cured successefully which was infected by Enterovirus 71，looking for the factors which influcing the prognosis of critical hand，foot and mouth disease. Methods A retrospective analysis of 28 critical hand，foot and mouth disease with pulmonary hemorrhage who were cured successefully was completed，which was about the treatment methods. Positive pressure ventilation had been used in all patients. According to the bedside EKG and UCG，dopamine and milrinone were used to improve circulation to those whose cardiac function weren’t obviously abnormal，dopamine and sodium nitroprussiate were used to improve circulation to those whose cardiac function were obviously abnormal，restriction of fluid volume，proper use of dehydrant，protection of cerebral cells，intravenous impulsion injection of glucocorticoid and γ-immunoglobulin，reasonable application of antibiotics，et al. Results 28 children were cured successfully，the days of hospitalization was 16-30，22 children had’t have any sequela in the near future，2children had the left upper limb with dropped muscle strength，2 children had the pair of lower limbs with dropped muscle strength，2 children had the left leg with dropped muscle strength and increased muscle tension. Conclusions The characteristic of critical hand，foot and mouth disease was acute onset，rapid progress. They were cured successfully because of the mechanical ventilation in first time，the reasonable used vasoactive drugs and comprehensive treatment. The damaged region of central nervous system is one of the most important factors which influencing the prognosis of hand，foot and mouth disease.