Abstract: 【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on the level of serum visfatin and ghrelin in type 2 diabetes patients．Methods 72 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into control group and rosiglitazone treated group (36 patients in each group). And patients in rosiglitazone treated group were treated with rosiglitazone (4 mg/d) for 16 weeks. Results After treatment for 16 weeks, the levels of blood pressure, blood glucose, triglyceride (TG) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly reduced in these two groups. And those in rosiglitazone treated group reduced much more compared with the control group. Increased level of HDL-c and serum ghrelin, and reduced level of serum visfatin were observed in rosiglitazone treated group compared with those before treatment. However, there were no significant differences in the level of those characteristics between before and after treatment in the control group. Pearson analysis shows that the level of serum visfatin was positively associated with body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HOMA-IR. And the level of serum ghrelin was negatively associated with BMI, FPG, TG and HOMA-IR. Conclusions Rosiglitazone can result in elevated level of serum ghrelin and reduced level of serum visfatin in patients with type 2 diabetes．And this may be associated with the mechanism of improving insulin resistance.

Key words: rosiglitazone, type 2 diabetes, visfatin, ghrelin