Abstract: To explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) .Methods The patients of TURP from Octobour 2010 to September 2012 in our hospital were devided into two groups according to the definition of MS by IDF in 2005:MS group and without MS group. Data incloud age, body height, body weight, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) were record. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), TG, HDL-C, prostate specific atigen (PSA), prostatic volume (PV) and Qmax were measured and recorded. Results (1) The BMI , systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride level were higher, while HDL-C level was lower in MS group than without MS group (all P＜0.005) . (2) The PV and IPSS level were higher, while PSA and Qmax were lower in MS group than without MS group (all P＜0.005) .Conclusions MS could increase IPSS and prostate volume,and reduce PSA. Obesity, hyperlipemia, and diabetes meuitus are risk factors of BPH.