Abstract: Objective The purpose of this article was to investigate the changes in D-dimer(DD) and AntithrombinШ(ATШ) and their relationship with the outcome in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods The plasma levels of ATШ and DD were measured in patients with AECOPD before and after 7 days of treatment, and in control subjects. The patients were divided into recover group and worsen group. The plasma levels of ATШ and DD were also compared in the two groups. Results In 38 patients of AECOPD，the level of DD was （0.98±0.80）mg/L，which is significantly higher than in control subjects；ATШ was （77.92±12.61）%，which is significantly lower than in control subjects（P<0.01）. In recover group，the levels of DD decrease from（1.07±0.83）mg/L to（0.62±0.42）mg/L and ATШ increase from （78.20±12.30）% to（87.69±8.34）% with the disease；In worsen group ，DD increase from（0.82±0.76）mg/L to（1.95±1.30）mg/L and ATШ decrease from （77.38±13.67）% to（71.38±10.44）%（P<0.01）. Conclusion The levels of DD increase and ATШ decrease significantly during AECOPD. They are relative with the severity of the disease. The alternation of ATШ and DD may be a useful index in evaluation the severity of the disease and effect of therapy. They are relative with the outcome of AECOPD.