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15 August 2019, Volume 47 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Preparation and identification of anti-β-HCG antibody based on display of antigenic epitopes in CDR3 region of nanobody WANG Lei, HUO Jing-rui, ZHANG Guo-an, JIA Li, TIAN Yi, YANG Xiao-hui, ZHANG Jing-jing, LIU Ying, WU Nan, LIU Ying-fu 2019, 47 (8):  785-788.  doi: 10.11958/20190402 Abstract ( 766 )   PDF (930KB) ( 3589 )   Abstract：Objective To verify the role of nanobodies in epitope display by displaying the C-terminal epitope of β-HCG in the CDR3 region of nanobodies. Methods The C-terminal epitope of β-HCG (amino sequence 151-165) was inserted into the CDR3 region of the nanobody by gene synthesis method. The prokaryotic expression vector pET24a was constructed by digestion and ligation, and the expression was induced by IPTG. His tag filler was purified. The purified target protein was immunized to New Zealand white rabbits. After five immunizations, the indirect ELISA titer was detected and the polyclonal antibody was purified by antigen-coupled purification medium. Western blot assay was used to detect the specificity of polyclonal antibodies. Results Prokaryotic expression vector was constructed, and the highly expressed strains were obtained. After induction by IPTG, the target protein existed mainly in the form of inclusion bodies. Affinity chromatography obtained the target protein with purity greater than 98%. After refolding, the inclusion bodies were immunized with titer of 1∶512 000. Western blot specific detection showed that the immune polyclonal antibody could specifically bind to β-HCG. Conclusion The method of displaying the C-terminal epitope of β-HCG antigen in CDR3 region of nanobody can be used for the preparation of β-HCG antibody, and which lay a foundation for the future research of displaying the epitope of nanobody. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of long non-coding RNA UCA1 on proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle in human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cell line FaDu ZHANG Jie, TANG Qiao-fei 2019, 47 (8):  789-793.  doi: 10.11958/20181947 Abstract ( 743 )   PDF (828KB) ( 4431 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA UCA1 on proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle of human pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma FaDu cells. Methods UCA1-siRNA was transfected into FaDu cells to silence UCA1, the untransfected cells were served as blank control, and transfected negative control siRNA cells were served as negative control. The interfering effect of UCA1-siRNA was determined by Real-time PCR. The effects of UCA1-siRNA on proliferation, invasion and cell cycle of FaDu cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, Transwell invasion assay and flow cytometry. Western blot assay was performed to evaluate the effect of UCA1-siRNA on the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-Caspase 9, cyclin D1 and PCNA proteins related to the proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of FaDu cells. Results Si-UCA1 effectively downregulated the expression of UCA1 in FaDu cells. After siRNA interference, the proliferation and invasion abilities of FaDu cells were significantly decreased, the proportion of cells in G1 phase was significantly increased and the proportions of cells in S phase and G2 phase were significantly decreased. The down-regulation of UCA1 by siRNA suppressed the expressions of Bcl-2, cyclin D1 and PCNA, meanwhile promoted the expressions of Bax and cleaved-Caspase 9 in FaDu cells (P＜0.05). Conclusion The downregulation of UCA1 inhibits the invasion and proliferation, blocks cell cycle, and promotes apoptosis of FaDu cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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The protective effect and mechanism of silibinin on cardiac injury induced by endotoxemia CHEN Xu, WANG Xiao-wu, JIANG Li-qing, MA Ji-peng, FENG Jian-yu 2019, 47 (8):  794-799.  doi: 10.11958/20190284 Abstract ( 877 )   PDF (874KB) ( 4944 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the protective effect and molecular mechanism of silibinin (SIL) on myocardial injuryin endotoxemic mice. Methods Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were grouped as follows: Control group, SIL group, LPS group and LPS + SIL group (n=6 in each group). The mouse model of endotoxemic cardiomyopathy was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg). Three days before LPS injection, SIL was administered daily by gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 3 times in the SIL group and the LPS+SIL group. The mice in the Control group and the SIL group were treated with normal saline (0.2 mL, by gavage) for 3 times. Six hours after LPS injection, the cardiac contractile function was detected by ultrasound in mice, the expression levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by ELISA, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in heart tissue was observed by DHE staining, the apoptotic ratio was detected by TUNEL staining and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase 3) and NOX2 were detected by Western blot assay. Results Compared with the Control group, the left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular fractional shortening and Bcl-2 expression were significantly decreased, while ROS production, the expressions of NOX2, Bax, Caspase 3, IL-1β, TNF-α and the apoptotic ratio were significantly increased in the LPS group (P＜0.05).Compared with the LPS group, silibinin pretreatment significantly improved the above changes caused by LPS (P＜0.05).Compared with the Control group, SIL alone showed little influence on the parameters metioned above (P＞0.05).Conclusion Silibinin can effectively alleviate myocardial injury in endotoxemic mice, and its cardioprotective role is possibly mediated by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The role of PKD1/HDAC5 axis on myocardial repair in rats with myocardial infarction YANG Lei, LIU Ping, LIU Nuan, TAO Ling-ling, MAO Bing-yu 2019, 47 (8):  800-804.  doi: 10.11958/20190410 Abstract ( 723 )   PDF (1310KB) ( 4166 )   Abstract: Objective To analyze the effect of PKD1/HDAC5 axis on myocardial repairment in rats with myocardial infarction. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham-operated (Sham) group, model group,PKD1 treatment group (2 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 PKD1) and CID755673 blocker group (2 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 PKD1+10 ng·kg-1 ·d-1 CID755673) according to the rule of random number table. The model group was treated with classical left coronary artery ligation to reproduce the myocardial infarction model, while the sham-operated group underwent thoracotomy without ligation. An equal amount of normal saline was injected in the model group and sham group. All administrations were performed via a tail vein injection every other day for 28 days. The pathological changes of myocardium were analyzed by HE staining, the changes of collagen in myocardial tissue were analyzed by Masson staining, the apoptotic changes of cardiomyocytes were detected by TUNEL method, and the immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to detect the expressions of HDAC5, myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and cardiac troponin I (cTn I). Results The pathological results showed that the rat myocardium was normal in the Sham group, no necrosis and inflammatory infiltration, low percentage of collagen, occasional apoptotic myocardial cells, fewer HDAC5 and MEF2 positive cells and a large number of cTn I positive cells. Compared with the Sham group, there were obvious myocardial necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, higher percentage of collagen, apoptotic myocardium and MEF2 positive cells, and less cTn I positive cells in the model group (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, PKD1 treatment could significantly improve the degree of myocardial necrosis in rats with myocardial infarction, and significantly reduce the proportion of collagen in damaged myocardial tissues, decrease the number of apoptotic myocardial cells and MF2-positive cells (P＜0.05), and increase the number of cTn I-positive cells (P＜0.05), while CID755673 could block the therapeutic effect of PKD1. Conclusion PKD1 combined with HDAC5 might promote myocardial tissue in rats with myocardial infarction, which could be blocked by CID755673. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of danfang capsule on expressions of wnt1, β-catenin and DKK1 in rats with immunological hepat ic fibrosis LI Can, LU Shuang, WU Jun 2019, 47 (8):  804-809.  doi: 10.11958/20182249 Abstract ( 678 )   PDF (942KB) ( 4354 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of danfang (Dan) capsule on the expressions of wnt1, β-catenin and DKK1 in rat immune liver fibrosis and its possible mechanism. Methods Sixty clean grade SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal group, model group, low- Dan group, medium- Dan group, high- Dan group and positive drug group,10 rats per group. In addition to the normal group, the restgroups were intraperitoneally injected with pig serum to prepare rat models of immune liver fibrosis,and the normal group was intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline twice per week. At the same time, different concentrations (0.54, 2.16, 4.32 g/kg) of danfang capsules were given by gavage to low-Dan group, medium-Dan group and high-Dan group. Compound turtle shell soft liver tablet (0.54 g/kg) was given by gavage to positive drug group, while the same amount of saline was given by gavage to normal group and model group once a day for 12 weeks. Rats were killed by anesthesia at the end of 12 weeks. Liver histopathological examination was performed. Alkaline hydrolysis was used to measure the content of hydroxyproline (HYP). The immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot assay and qPCR were used to measure the expressions of wnt1, β-catenin and DKK1. Results Compared with normal group, the hepatic fibrosis was serious in model group, with increased HYP content, wnt1 and β-catenin expressions and decreased DKK1 expression (all P＜0.05). Compared with model group, there were no significant differences in liver fibrosis degree, HYP content, expressions of wnt1, β-catenin and DKK1 in the low-Dan group (P＞0.05).The fibrosis degree was significantly reduced in medium-Dan group and high-Dan group, and the HYP content and the expressions of wnt1 and β-catenin were reduced, while the expression of DKK1 was increased (all P＜0.05). Compared with the positive drug group, liver fibrosis was more severe in the low-Dan and medium-Dan groups, with increased HYP content,wnt1 and β-catenin expressions, and decreased DKK1 expression (all P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in these indicators between positive drug group and high-Dan group (P＞0.05). In the low-Dan，medium-Dan and high-dan groups, hepatic fibrosis was reduced in turn, HYP content, and expressions of wnt1 and β-catenin were decreased in turn,and DKK1 expression was increased in turn. There were significant differences among the groups in multiple comparisons(all P＜0.05). Conclusion Danfang capsule has a certain intervention effect on immune liver fibrosis in rats, with the mostsignificant effect at high dose. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulated expression of DKK1 and down-regulated expressions of wnt1 and β-catenin, thus inhibiting the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of microRNA-125b in acute lung injury induced by sepsis and its correlation with inflammatory factors WU Song-lin, TIAN Xiao-li, XU Tao, LEI Xian-ying, WU Chang-xue, GAN Ci-hai 2019, 47 (8):  810-814.  doi: 10.11958/20181913 Abstract ( 663 )   PDF (915KB) ( 4898 )   Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA125b in acute lung injury induced by sepsis, and its correlation with inflammatory factors. Methods The model rats of acute lung injury were induced by intraperitonealinjection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4, 8, 12 and 24 h (n=20). The control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline (n=20). The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by HE staining. The changes of miR-125b,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by PCR in each group. Pearson correlation analysis was used to show the expression of miR-125b in lung tissue and its correlation with the levels of TNF-α and IL-6. NR8383 cells were cultured and subdivided into subgroups. The blank control group was not stimulated by LPS. The cells were collected after stimulation with LPS for 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h, and the levels of miR-125b, TNF-α and IL-6 were detected.NR8383 cells were set up into three groups, the negative control group was only transfected with the empty expression plasmid, and the miR-125b mimic group was transfected with the miR-125b mimic expression plasmid. The expression of miR-125b was detected by PCR in each group, and the expression of Notch1 was detected by Western blot assay. Results In the LPS treatment group, the lung tissue was severely hemorrhage, edema and a large amount of inflammatory cell after 24 hours of injection of LPS for 4, 8, and 12 hours in the experimental group, while the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in thelung tissue were increased. The expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 reached peak 4 h after LPS injection (P＜0.05).The expression of miR-125b in the lung tissue was negatively correlated with TNF-α and IL-6 in the experimental group (r=-0.599, -0.580, P＜0.05). The expression levels of miR-125b were lower in experiment group than those in the control group after LPS induction for 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h in the NR8383 cell line, while the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Compared with the negative control group, the relative expression level of miR-125b and the relative expression of Notch1 protein in miR-125b mimic group were decreased (P＜0.05), the relative expression of miR-125b in miR-125b inhibitor group was decreased, and the relative expression of Notch1 protein was decreased (P＜0.05). The amount of miR-125b decreased and the relative expression of Notch1 protein increased in miR-125b inhibitor group compared with those of miR-125b mimic group (P＜0.05). Conclusion In the acute lung injury induced by sepsis, microRNA-125b may regulate the expression of Notch1 protein, affect the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6, and participate in the process of immune inflammation regulation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on therapeutic effects of combined variable stress plate fixation on femoral fracture healing in experimental sheep model YANG Wei-qiang, DING Tong, FENG Li-ping, ZHANG Fu-mei, JIANG Zhen-gang, WANG Pei-shan 2019, 47 (8):  815-819.  doi: 10.11958/20181507 Abstract ( 542 )   PDF (767KB) ( 3649 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of combined variable stress plate fixation on experimental sheep femoral fracture healing. Methods Thirty healthy adult goats were successfully constructed with the model of right lower limb femur fracture, and model animals were equally divided into the experimental group (given the combined variable stress plate fixation) and the control group (given the common straight steel plate fixation). The goats were sacrificed at 4weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after operation, and the broken end tissues of femur were taken for observation in imaging and histopathologic changes. The changes of thickness of cortical bone and diameter of medullary cavity were measured in two groups. The stress shielding effect of the plate was evaluated. The changes of bone trabecular density in callus offracture end were measured to evaluate fracture healing in two groups. The number of osteoclasts was used to evaluate bone callus remodeling in the process of fracture healing in the two groups. Results There were no significant differences inthe thickness of cortical bone and diameter of medullary cavity at 4 weeks between two groups. There were no significant differences in the thickness of cortical bone and diameter of medullary cavity between 4, 8 and 12 weeks in the experimental group. The diameter of bone medullary cavity was significantly higher in the control group than that of the experimental group at 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. The bone cortical thickness was significantly lower in the control group than that of the experimental group, which indicated that there was stress shielding effect in the control group, and there was no obvious stress shielding effect in the experimental group resulted in the loss of bone thickness. The bone trabecular density in callus of fracture was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment,suggesting that the rapidly bone formation in experimental group. The osteoclasts surrounding bone trabecular were significantly more at 8 weeks in the experimental group than those in the control group, but osteoclasts were significantly lower in the experimental group than those in the control group at 12 weeks, suggesting that the callus remodeling appeared earlier in the experimental group, and bone callus remodeling was basically over at 12 weeks in the experimental group.Conclusion Combined variable stress plate fixation can promote callus formation, accelerate callus reconstruction and promote fracture healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clemastine promotes remyelination in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis MENG Ren-liang, XIE Yang, ZHANG Yao, LI Zuo-xiao 2019, 47 (8):  819-823.  doi: 10.11958/20182099 Abstract ( 798 )   PDF (526KB) ( 3854 )   To investigate the effect of clemastine on the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model mice. Methods Fifty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into five groups according to the random number table after adaptive feeding: normal group, EAE group and high,middle and low dose of clemastine［40, 20 and 10 mg/（kg·d）］intervention groups. There were 10 mice in each group. EAE models were induced by antigen myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) in EAE group and three clemastine intervention groups. The intervention groups received preventive administration of clemastine, while the normalgroup and EAE group received physiological saline by intraperitoneal injection continuously for 21 days. The clinical manifestations of the mice were evaluated daily after the model was established, and the neurological impairment scores were scored. The mice were sacrificed after 21 days. Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining and demyelination score were observed in pathological sections of spinal cord of each group. Changes of MBP and its mRNA expression in brain homogenate of mice were observed in five groups of mice. Results Mice in the normal group didn’t suffer from the disease. Mice of EAE group and clemastine intervention groups began to develop the disease in different degrees from the 7th to 8th d, and reached the peak from the 12th to 16th d. With the increase of intervention dosage, the peak score decreased (P＜0.01). LFB staining showed that no demyelination changes in spinal cord in normal group. The significant demyelination in spinal cord was found in EAE group. Changes of the demyelination in spinal cord were significantly improved in three clemastine intervention groups, and the degree of improvement was dose-dependent (P＜0.01). Compared with the normal group, the MBP and its mRNA expression were significantly decreased in EAE group and three clemastine interventions groups (P＜0.05).Compared with the EAE group, the MBP and its mRNA expression were significantly increased in three clemastine groups(P＜0.05), which presented a dose-dependent. Conclusion Clemastine can prevent EAE in model mice induced by MOG35-55 in a dose-dependent manner, which may be related to the promotion of MBP expression and remyelination. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between the waist circumference phenotype of hypertriglyceridemic and the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus NG Si-jie, WAN Qin, CHENG Xiao-ling 2019, 47 (8):  824-828.  doi: 10.11958/20181747 Abstract ( 711 )   PDF (376KB) ( 4214 )   Abstract: Objective To study the relationship between the waist circumference phenotype of hypertriglyceridemic(TG) and the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 1 722 subjects with normal glucose tolerance were recruited from the epidemiological study of cancer risk of T2DM in Luzhou area in 2011. Based on the cut-point of triglyceride (TG) level≥1.7 mmol/L and waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women, the subjects were divided into four groups: normal WC and normal TG level group (n=856), simple high TG level group (n=133),simple abdominal obesity group (n=518), and enlarged WC and high TG level (HTWC) group (n=215). The subjects were followed up for five years, and the incidence rates of prediabetes and T2DM were compared between four groups. Results After five-year follow up, in the 1 722 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 445 developed prediabetes and 67 developed T2DM. The incidence rates of prediabetes were 20.7 (177/856), 21.1% (28/133), 30.5% (158/518) and 38.1% (82/215), and the incidence rates of T2DM were 2.9% (25/856), 3.8% (5/133), 4.4% (23/518) and 6.5% (14/215) for normal WC and normal TG level group, simple high TG level group, simple abdominal obesity group and HTWC group. After adjusting age, gender, fasting glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, systolic pressure and glycated hemoglobin, subjects with the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype showed higher odds of prediabetes (OR=1.961, 95%CI: 1.387-2.773) and T2DM (OR=2.638, 95%CI: 1.279-5.441) compared to normal group. Conclusion HTGW phenotype is the risk factor of prediabetes and T2DM. It can serve as a simple tool to identify individuals at high risk of prediabetes and T2DM. Related Articles | Metrics

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The clinical significance of serum levels of tenascin-C and irisin in patients with H-type hypertension complicated with acute ischemic stroke CHENG Qi-hui, YU Dan, YANG Guo-shuai, WANG Liang, FU Hui-fang, LIU Chun-miao, ZHOU Feng, ZHOU Lyu 2019, 47 (8):  828-832.  doi: 10.11958/20190321 Abstract ( 749 )   PDF (411KB) ( 5874 )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum levels of tenascin-C (TN-C) and irisin and the severity and prognosis in patients with H-type hypertension complicated with acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 126 patients with H-type hypertension complicated with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized in our hospital from June 2017 to September 2018 were selected as case group, and 63 patients with H-type hypertension without acute ischemic stroke were selected as control group. According to NIHSS score at the time of admission, the case group was divided into mild group (n=38), moderate group (n=57) and severe group (n=31). According to mRS score 90 days after treatment, the case group was divided into good prognosis group (n=77) and poor prognosis group (n=49). Serum levels of TN-C and irisin were measured by ELISA method. The relationship between serum levels of TNC and irisin and the severity and prognosis of Htype hypertension complicated with acute ischemic stroke was analyzed. The clinical values of TN-C and irisin in the prognosis of patients with H-type hypertension complicated with acute ischemic stroke were analyzed by receiver operating curve (ROC). Results The serum level of TN-C was significantly higher in case group than that in control group (P＜0.05),while the serum level of irisin was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05). The serum TN-C level increased with the severity of the disease, while the serum irisin level decreased with the severity of the disease (P＜0.05). The serum level of TN-C was lower in patients with good prognosis than that in patients with poor prognosis (P＜0.05) while the serum level of irisin was higher in patients with good prognosis than that in patients with poor prognosis (P＜0.05). The serum TNC level was positively correlated with NIHSS score and mRS score (r=0.579, 0.603, P＜0.05), while the serum irisin level was negatively correlated with NIHSS score and mRS score (rs=-0.526, -0.497, P＜0.05). The area under the curve of TN-C and irisin for predicting the prognosis of patients with H-type hypertension complicated with acute ischemic stroke were 0.832 and 0.784 respectively. When the cut-off values were 81.68 μg/L and 92.39 μg/L, the sensitivities were 69.4% and 63.6% respectively, and the specificities were 85.7% and 89.8% respectively. Conclusion The serum TN-C and irisin are involved in the pathogenesis of H-type hypertension complicated with acute ischemic stroke, and related to the severity and prognosis of the disease. They could be used as biomarkers for early evaluation of the severity and prognosis of the disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between plasma big endothelin-1 level and prognosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation MA Tian-yi, ZHONG Jiang-hua, SU Yu-jiang, ZHOU Zhi-hong, YANG Hui, YANG Chao-ying 2019, 47 (8):  833-837.  doi: 10.11958/20190158 Abstract ( 797 )   PDF (396KB) ( 5054 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma big endothelin-1 (Big ET-1) level and prognosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in patients at admission. Methods A total of 200 patients with PAF were enrolled,and divided into survival group (n=164) and cardiovascular death group (n=36) according to the follow-up results. Clinicaland laboratory data of sex, age and Big ET-1 level were collected. Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the relationship between plasma level of Big ET-1 and prognosis of PAF patients at admission. The prognostic effect of plasma level of Big ET-1 on the prognosis of PAF patients was evaluated by drawing ROC, and then the area under the curve was calculated. The cardiovascular cumulative mortality curves of PAF patients with different plasma levels of Big ET-1 were drawn by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Log-Rank method. Results There were lower levels of age, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, chronic renal failure, heart failure, plasma Big ET-1, plasma amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular diameter (LVD), CHA2DS2-VASc score >2 points in survival group than those of the death group (P＜0.05), and higher levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and ejection fraction (EF) in survival group than those of the death group (P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the higher plasma level of Big ET-1 was the risk factor for cardiovascular death in PAF patients (P＜0.05). It showed a certain value in predicting the prognosis of PAF when the plasma level of Big ET-1 was 0.75 pmol/L. The results of Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cardiovascular cumulative mortality was significantly higher in patients with plasma level of Big ET-1 > 0.75 pmol/L than that of patients with plasma level of Big ET-1 ＜ 0.75 pmol/L (P＜0.05).Conclusion The increased plasma level of Big ET-1 at admission is closely related to the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in PAF patients. The plasma level of Big ET-1 at admission can be used as an important biological marker for predicting the prognosis of PAF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of plasma Nrf2 levels on depression in patients with hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage after minimally invasive drainage TIAN Bao-gang, LIU Xing-yu, CUI Jian-zhong, ZHANG Xiao-fei, WANG Kai-jie, HONG Jun, WANG Yu, WANG Hai-bo, WEI Jian-qiang, WEI Ling 2019, 47 (8):  838-841.  doi: 10.11958/20190419 Abstract ( 860 )   PDF (397KB) ( 4454 )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma level of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)and depression in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) after minimally invasive drainage. Methods A total of 92 patients with HICH who were hospitalized from March 2014 to Jenuary 2018 were enrolled. Postoperative plasma Nrf2 levels were detected using ELISA. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) expressed as PG values were assessed at admission and on the 21th day after operation. At the 21th day after hospitalization, the Zung Depression Self-rating Scale (SDS) was used to evaluate depression. According to the SDS criteria, the patients were divided into depression group (n=29) and non-depression group (n=63). The differences of plasma Nrf2 levels were compared between the two groups. The risk factors correlated with depression of HICH patients after minimally invasive drainage were analyzed using two-class Logistic regression. Results The plasma Nrf2 level was significantly lower in depression group than that in non-depression group (P＜0.05). The PG values were significantly higher in depression group than those in nondepression group at the admitted and the 21th day after hospitalization (all P＜0.05). For HICH patients in depression group the SDS standard scores were positively correlated with hematoma volume (r=0.30) and PG value at the 21th day after operation (r=0.27, P＜0.05), and which were negatively correlated with the plasma Nrf2 levels (r=-0.35, P＜0.05). The twoclass Logistic regression analysis showed that high plasma Nrf2 level was a protective factor for depression in HICH patients undergoing minimally invasive drainage (OR=0.885, 95%CI:0.819-0.955). Conclusion The lower plasma Nrf2 level after minimally invasive drainage in HICH patients, the more prone to depression. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between apolipoprotein E promoter region-427T/C polymorphism and coronary heart disease and its effect on transcriptional activity ZHANG Rui, ZHAO Hui, ZHAO Fu-mei, REN Min, LIU Ting, LIU Shan, CONG Hong-liang 2019, 47 (8):  842-847.  doi: 10.11958/20191585 Abstract ( 1036 )   PDF (482KB) ( 5617 )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) promoter region-427T/C gene polymorphism and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its effect on the transcriptional activity of APOE.Methods A total of 627 patients admitted to the department of cardiology, Tianjin chest hospital from October 2016 toSeptember 2017 were selected and divided into CHD group (n=415) and non-CHD group (n=212). The total cholesterol (TC)，triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein a[Lp (a)], apolipoprotein AI (APOAI), apolipoprotein B (APOB) and uric acid (UA) levels were detected after admission. The serum concentration of APOE was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Polymerase chain reactionrestriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect gene polymorphism at the -427T/C site.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate risk factors of coronary heart disease. The dual luciferase report gene expression vector pGL2 was used to build carry APOE -427TT wild type recombinant plasmid (TT group) and APOE-427CC variation homozygous type recombinant plasmid (CC group). The TT group, CC group, pGL2-basic no-load plasmid (controlgroup) and pRL-CMV internal reference plasmid were co-transfected into 293T cells by cationic liposome method. The fluorescence intensity of luciferase reporter gene was detected in the three groups to reflect the transcriptional activity of APOE. Results (1) Compared with the non-CHD group, data of age, male ratio, smoking ratio, history of diabetes, TG,Lp(a), HCY and UA were significantly increased in the CHD group, while the levels of APOAI and HDL-C were significantly decreased (P＜0.01). The genotype distribution in the two groups was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance(χ2=1.698，P＞0.05), and the C allele frequency was increased in CHD group than that of non-CHD group (19.8% vs. 12.4%,χ2=8.959, P＜0.05). (2) The level of APOB of TC+CC patients was higher in the CHD group than that in the TT group (P＜0.05), and APOA / APOB was lower in the TT group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in lipid and apolipoprotein levels between the two genotypes in the non-CHD group (P＞0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (OR=2.065, 95%CI：1.369-3.115), diabetes (OR=3.355, 95%CI：1.935-5.815), higher level of UA (OR=1.008, 95%CI: 1.005-1.010), and carrying -427C allele (OR=1.876, 95% CI：1.185-2.969) were risk factors for CHD. (3)The results of in vitro experiments showed that the transcriptional activity of APOE was significantly lower in CC group than that in TT group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Carriers of APOE-427C gene are risk factors for the incidence of coronary heart disease, and this site affects the plasma lipoprotein concentration and the incidence of coronary heart disease by affecting the transcriptional activity and synthesis level of APOE. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of long-term efficacy of rivaroxaban anticoagulant therapy and interventional therapy in cryptogenic stroke patients with patent foramen ovale ZHANG Wei1, ZHAO Wen-juan2, WANG Yu3, WANG Qiang1, YANG Shi-juan1, LIU Jing-jing1, MA Wei-jun4, GUAN Xin5, BAI Yun-peng1,GAO Chun-lin2 2019, 47 (8):  847-850.  doi: 10.11958/20181373 Abstract ( 925 )   PDF (413KB) ( 5312 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of interventional therapy and rivaroxaban anticoagulant therapy on the prognosis of patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale (PFO). Methods A total of 49 PFO patients with cryptogenic stroke were enrolled. They were randomized into an interventional group (n=24) and a rivaroxaban treatment group (n=25). Patients in interventional group received percutaneous PFO closure, and the patients in rivaroxaban treatment group received rivaroxaban treatment (10 mg / d). The primary endpoints included recurrent nonfatal ischemic stroke (including transient ischemic attack) or fatal stroke, early death (within 30 days after placement of the instrument or within45 days after randomization), and the secondary endpoints included all-cause death, peripheral vascular embolism, newly occurring arrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation), myocardial infarction and bleeding. Results The mean follow-up time was (3.5±0.5) years for the two groups of patients. During the follow-up period, the loss of follow-up rates were 8.3% (2/25) and 16.6% (4/24) in the rivaroxaban group and the intervention group, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant between the two groups (P＞0.05). There was one patient showed a nonfatal ischemic stroke (transient ischemic attack) in the interventional group and 3 patients in the rivaroxaban group. There were no fatal strokes or early deaths in either group. There was no significant difference in the cumulative survival rate between the interventional group and the rivaroxaban group (P＞0.05). In the interventional group, there were one case of new atrial fibrillation, two cases of atrial premature beats combined with short-term atrial tachycardia, but spontaneously recovered to sinus rhythm within 24 hours after surgery. No cardiovascular death, peripheral vascular embolism, myocardial infarction and bleeding events were found. The incidences of combined endpoints were 16.7% (4/24) and 44% (11/25) in the interventional and rivaroxaban groups,respectively. There was significant difference in the cumulative survival rate between the two groups (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in NIHSS scores and mRS scores at each time point between the two groups. Conclusion Interventional closure is more effective than rivaroxaban inimproving theprognosis ofpatients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO. Related Articles | Metrics

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The correlation between central venous oxygen saturation and postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section and its diagnostic value ZHANG Hui-ming, XU Hui, LIAO Wen-yan 2019, 47 (8):  855-858.  doi: 10.11958/20190435 Abstract ( 918 )   PDF (363KB) ( 4915 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate the correlation between central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after cesarean section and its diagnostic value for PPH. Methods A total of 30 patients underwent elective cesarean section in department of obstetrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 were prospectively included. Values of hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb), ScvO2 and hemorrhage volume were recorded before and after hemorrhage. Hematocrit differences (ΔHCT), hemoglobin differences (ΔHb), central venous oxygen saturation differences (ΔScvO2) were calculated before and after hemorrhage. The correlation between the ΔHCT, ΔHb, ΔScvO2 and hemorrhage volume was studied. The diagnostic value of ΔScvO2 to PPH was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results There was no significant difference in Hb and HCT in patients before and after hemorrhage (P＞0.05). The value of ScvO2 was significantly lower after hemorrhage than that before hemorrhage (P＜0.05). There was no correlation between ΔHb, ΔHCT and hemorrhage volume (P＞0.05). ScvO2 was negatively correlated with hemorrhage volume (r=-0.817, P＜0.001). The area under curve (AUC) of ΔScvO2 was 0.824 (95% CI: 0.657-0.991, P = 0.003). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for PPH were 66.7% and 99.4% when ΔScvO2 was -6.90. Conclusion ScvO2 is negatively correlated with PPH hemorrhage volume and can be used as a sensitive index in the diagnosis of PPH. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diagnosis and literature review of a family with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome DI Jian-yong, LIU Li, LIU Qing-hua, ZHANG Mei-zi, XU Feng-qin 2019, 47 (8):  858-861.  doi: 10.11958/20190769 Abstract ( 902 )   PDF (425KB) ( 4355 )   Abstract: Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare X-linked recessive genetic disease caused by the mutation in the androgen receptor (AR). The complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is one of the most severe forms of androgen resistance in AIS. In this paper, the next-generation sequencing of AR gene in a family with CAIS was analyzed. It was found the proband carried one c.2566C>T mutation located on the seventh exon, which led to the replacement of a arginine (Arg) codon (CGC) with a cysteine (Cys) codon (TGC) at amino acid position 856 (p.Arg856Cys). The mutations may interfere with the binding of androgen to the AR, which may lead to impair its activity and then result in CAIS. CAIS was an X-linked recessive disease, Sanger sequencing confirmed that the proband’s mother and sister also showed the same mutation. The proband and her sister carried a homozygous mutations, and her mother carried a heterozygous mutation. The authors believed that the AR gene c.2566C>T (p.Arg856Cys) mutation caused the sisters to suffer from CAIS, which was inherited from their mother. The defined mutation of the AR gene can provide guidance for the family reproduction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-analysis of total thyroidectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy for multiple nodular goiter PANG Yi, MENG Xiang-chao, GUO Chun-li, LI Lin, LI Qi 2019, 47 (8):  862-868.  doi: 10.11958/20190102 Abstract ( 578 )   PDF (823KB) ( 3821 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of total thyroidectomy (TT) and subtotal thyroidectomy (ST) in the treatment of multiple nodular goiter. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, OVID, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were retrieved by computer. The valid data was selected and compared using Review Manager 5.3 software.Results A total of 9 articles were included, with a total of 2 397 patients, of which 1 323 underwent total thyroidectomy (TTgroup) and 1 074 underwent subtotal thyroidectomy (ST group). Meta-analysis showed that compared with ST group, the recurrence rate of nodules was significantly lower in TT group (OR=0.07, 95%CI 0.03-0.18, P＜0.05), and the incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism increased (OR=1.92, 95%CI 1.41-2.62, P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (OR=1.59，95%CI 0.95-2.65，P＞0.05), permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (OR=0.81，95%CI 0.24-2.74，P＞0.05) and the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism (OR=1.32，95%CI 0.46-3.79，P＞0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion Compared with ST, TT can reduce the recurrence rate of patients with nodules and increase the incidence of transient parathyroid function. Total thyroidectomy has certain advantages in the treatment of multiple nodular goiter. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in research on biological functions and clinical application values of UNC5 homolog family members during tumorigenesis and development DONG Dong, ZHOU Yun-li 2019, 47 (8):  869-873.  doi: 10.11958/20190699 Abstract ( 553 )   PDF (422KB) ( 3610 )   Abstract: Members of the UNC5 homolog family are important receptors for the classical nerve growth-directing factor-1 (Netrin-1). In addition to participating in the development of the nervous system, they also play important roles in many other fields, especially in tumorigenesis. Members of this family are down-regulated in a variety of tumor tissues, and all have a "dependent receptor" property, that is, in the absence of ligand Netrin-1, these members have the ability to induce apoptosis. However, in addition to these common features, each member of the family has its own characteristics, and plays an unique role to participate in tumor suppression. This article will review the role of these family membersin tumorigenesis and development, and emphasis is placed on the commonality and personality of those members as well as the new findings in clinical applications Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of highly pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza virus DONG Xiao-chun 2019, 47 (8):  874-879.  doi: 10.11958/20182145 Abstract ( 624 )   PDF (375KB) ( 3831 )   Abstract：Since the appearance of H7N9 avian influenza virus in China, it has caused five waves of epidemics. A highly pathogenic H7N9 mutant strain has appeared in the 5th wave of the epidemics. The insertion mutation of the HA linked peptide position of the virus strain resulted in the virulence enhancement of the virus to poultry. At the same time, the virus was isolated from human H7N9 avian influenza cases. Therefore, the etiology and epidemiology of highly pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza virus are of great significance for the prevention and control of the disease. This article reviews the mutation sources, epidemiological characteristics and control measures of highly pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza virus, and provides scientific strategies for the effective prevention and control of highly pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the detection of diagnostic markers for prostate cancer LI Li, SONG Qian, LIU Ran-lu 2019, 47 (8):  880-884.  doi: 10.11958/20190768 Abstract ( 835 )   PDF (361KB) ( 5666 )   Abstract: In recent years, the incidence of prostate cancer in China has increased significantly. At thesame time,compared with developed countries, the mortality rate of prostate cancer in China is higher. In the past decade, the relevant research on biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer has made great progress, and the evidence base for the detection of these markers is also rapidly developing. We reviewed a large number of literatures and reviewed the latest developments in the field of prostate cancerbiomarker testing in order to provide a reference for clinical medical staff to make better decisions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Scoring system and current status and progress of surgical treatment of spinal tumors CHEN Chang-bao, ZHANG Xiao-lin, MA Xin-long 2019, 47 (8):  885-890.  doi: 10.11958/20190032 Abstract ( 868 )   PDF (388KB) ( 4387 )   Abstract：The incidence of spinal tumors has significantly increased in recent years. With the continuous development and transformation of oncology and treatment concepts and techniques of spinal surgery, the surgical staging, scoring system and treatment decision framework of spinal tumors have been further improved, providing important clinical value for standardized treatment. Since spinal tumors are not sensitive or even resistant to classical radiotherapy and chemotherapy,surgery has become the main means of treatment at present. We should deeply grasp the principles of surgical treatment and resection boundary, which can effectively improve the quality of life and prolong survival of patientswith spinal tumors.However, in the development of surgical plans, we need to further consider the surgical strategy (total en bloc, sagittal or vertebral resection), resection methods (en bloc or piecemeal) and surgical approach (single posterior or anterior combined posterior approach). Future research trends should focus on how to weigh the risks and benefits of radical surgery such as total en bloc spondylectomy, and develop more rigorous surgical indications to improve clinical efficacy and reduce complications in patients withspinal tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of congenital nephrotic diabetes insipidus LIU Zhu-feng, ZHANG Bi-li 2019, 47 (8):  891-896.  doi: 10.11958/20190331 Abstract ( 768 )   PDF (402KB) ( 3945 )   Abstract: Congenital nephrotic diabetes insipidus is a group of genetically heterogeneous single gene diseases,accounting for about 10% of all nephrotic diabetes insipidus. The main reason is that the kidney loses its response to arginine vasopressin secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, which results in dysfunction of urine concentration. Patients are characterized by excretion of large amounts of low specific gravity urine, dehydration, thirst and secondary polydipsia. Xlinked recessive inheritance accounts for about 90% of patients. About 10% of patients are autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance. In recent years, its genetic and molecular mechanisms have been gradually elucidated, and multiple target therapies and potential therapeutic strategies for the etiology have also emerged. This article reviews the research status of congenital nephrotic diabetes insipidus. Related Articles | Metrics