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15 May 2021, Volume 49 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Cell and Molecular Biology
Experimental Study
Clinical Study
Experimental Study
Clinical Study
Epidemiological Investigation
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Cell and Molecular Biology

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Linc00891 plays an anti-tumor role in osteosarcoma by competitively binding and inhibiting miR-27a-3p#br# RUAN Cheng-qun, XIAO Yong-jie, LI Ji-tian△ 2021, 49 (5):  449-454.  doi: 10.11958/20203420 Abstract ( 547 )   PDF (953KB) ( 4242 )   Abstract: Objective　To investigate the role of Linc00891 in osteosarcoma (OS) and its mechanism. Methods　The expressions of Linc00891 in different OS cell lines U-2 OS, Saos-2, MG-63, SW 1353 and human osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19 were detected by qPCR. Saos-2 and MG-63 OS cell lines were transfected with Linc00891 vector. CCK-8 method, plate cloning method and Transwell chamber were used to detect the effects of Linc00891 overexpression on the proliferation, colony forming ability and migration ability. Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of E-cadherin (E-cad) and N-cadherin (N-cad) related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. RNA pulldown assay was used to detect the binding relationship between Linc00891 and miR-27a-3p in OS cells. TCF/LEF Reporter Kit was used to detect the effects of overexpression of Linc00891 and up-regulation of miR-27a-3p on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in different OS cell lines. Results　The expression levels of Linc00891 in different OS cell lines U-2 OS, Saos-2, MG-63 and SW 1353 were significantly lower than those in normal osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19 (P＜0.05). The overexpression of Linc00891 could inhibit the proliferation, clone formation, migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition of human OS cell lines Saos-2 and MG-63 (P＜0.05). There was a binding relationship between Linc00891 and miR-27a-3p in OS cells. The overexpression of Linc00891 could reverse the activation of miR-27a-3p on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (P＜0.05). Conclusion　Linc00891 plays an anti-tumor role in OS by competitively binding and inhibiting miR-27a-3p. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of radix hedysari polysaccharide on apoptosis, growth and motility of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells#br# LI Li, GUO Xiang-cui, WANG Qian-qing, LI Jun, GAO Zhi-hui 2021, 49 (5):  455-459.  doi: 10.11958/20203155 Abstract ( 715 )   PDF (687KB) ( 4368 )   Abstract: Objective　To investigate the regulatory effect of radix hedysari polysaccharide on the cell apoptosis, growth and motility of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. Methods　The ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were treated with 0, 3, 6, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1 600 mg/L radix hedysari polysaccharide. CCK8 method was used to screen the appropriate dose. RT-PCR was used to detect tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression levels. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The clone formation test was used to detect cell growth. Transwell method was used to detect cell invasion, and Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) and fibronectin (FN). Results　The optimal doses of radix hedysari polysaccharide were 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L for the subsequent experiments. Compared with the 0 mg/L radix hedysari polysaccharide group, the expression levels of TNF-α, iNOS and IL-6 mRNA were significantly down-regulated in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells of 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L radix hedysari polysaccharide groups (P＜0.05), the cell apoptotic rate was significantly increased (P＜0.05), clone formation rate and the number of invasive cells were significantly decreased (P＜0.05), E-cadherin protein expression was up-regulated (P＜0.05), and the protein expression levels of VEGF and FN were significantly down-regulated (P＜0.05). Conclusion　Radix hedysari polysaccharide promotes the apoptosis of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and inhibits cell growth and movement. Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression and role of IKCa1 in endometrium during peri-implantation CHEN Hong-yan, SUN Xing-yu, LI Ya-ling, HE Jin-san, LIU Ling△ 2021, 49 (5):  460-464.  doi: 10.11958/20201085 Abstract ( 706 )   PDF (1117KB) ( 3845 )   Abstract: Objective　To detect the expression of intermediate-conductance-Ca2+- activated K+ channels (IKCa1) in endometrium during peri-implantation and explore the role of IKCa1 in embryo implantation. Methods　The endometrial tissue samples of early, middle and late secretory stages and early, middle and late proliferative stages were taken respectively in 5 cases. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to detect the expression of IKCa1 mRNA and protein in endometrial tissues of different stages. Ishikawa cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 30 μmol/L) of IKCa1 blocker TRAM-34. The expression of IKCa1 was detected by qPCR, cell proliferation was detected by CCK8, the cell adhesion was detected by Transwell and the expressions of EMT related proteins, E-box binding protein 1 (Zeb1) and E-cadherin were detected by Western blot assay. Results　The expression of IKCa1 was time-dependent in human endometrium. The expression level of IKCa1 was significantly higher in secretory phase than that in proliferative phase, especially in middle secretory phase. The expression of IKCa1 was inhibited by TRAM-34 in Ishikawa cells. The cell proliferation and embryo adhesion decreased, the expression of EMT marker protein E-cadherin was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of Zeb1 protein was significantly down regulated (P＜0.05). Conclusion　IKCa1 may be involved in the establishment of endometrial receptivity during peri-implantation, and may regulate embryo implantation by influencing endometrial cell proliferation and EMT. Related Articles | Metrics

Experimental Study

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Interferon regulatory factor-1 participates in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice by regulating pyroptosis  LIU Yu, , WANG Zhao-yang, LI Shi-peng, HU Sha-sha, , YANG Shuang, CAI Jin-zhen, ZHANG Guo-liang△ 2021, 49 (5):  465-471.  doi: 10.11958/20202985 Abstract ( 981 )   PDF (1155KB) ( 4394 )   Abstract: Objective　To investigate the effect of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) on the pyroptosis of liver ischemia reperfusion injury (LIRI) in mice. Methods　(1) Twenty four C57BL / 6 normal male mice were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham) and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) 2 h, 6 h and 12 h groups, 6 mice in each group. The Sham group was not treated with IR, while in the other three groups, the LIRI model was established by clamping the middle lobe and left lobe of liver with vascular clamp for 60 min and reperfusion for 2,6 and 12 h respectively. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and interleukin (IL)-1β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological changes of liver were observed by HE staining. The expression of IRF-1 was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The apoptosis and pyroptosis of liver cells were detected by TUNEL. The protein levels of IRF-1, Caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) were detected by Western blot assay. The morphological changes of hepatocytes were detected by transmission electron microscope. (2) The AML12 cells in the normal liver of mice were over expressed and silenced of IRF-1, and then subjected to the simulated IR treatment. The AML12 cells were divided into over expression IRF-1+IR group, empty vector + IR group, IRF-1 siRNA + IR group and control group (NC+IR group). Western blot assay was used to detect the levels of IRF-1, Caspase-1, Cleaved-Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins in the four groups. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect cell morphological changes. Apoptosis and pyroptosis of cells were detected by flow cytometry. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cell supernatant was detected by microplate reader. Results　(1) The results in vivo showed that compared with the Sham group, the serum levels of ALT, AST and IL-1β were significantly increased in the IR 6 h and IR 12 h groups (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of IRF-1, Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins were increased (P < 0.05). At the same time, liver cells appeared swelling, disordered arrangement, vacuoles, pathcy necrosis and erythrocyte siltation, accompanied by nuclear membrane damage and mitochondrial swelling. (2) After the over expression of IRF-1 in AML12 cells in vitro, the expressions of Cleaved-Caspase-1 and GSDMD increased, while the expressions of Caspase-1 and GSDMD decreased after the down-regulation of IRF-1 expression (P＜0.05). After silencing IRF-1 expression, the damage of cytoplasmic membrane and nuclear membrane was reduced in IRF-1 siRNA + IR group than that of NC + IR group, the pyroptosis rate was decreased, and the LDH release was reduced by about 20%. Conclusion　IRF-1 can induce LIRI in mice by regulating the expressions of Caspase-1 and GSDMD and the release of IL-1β. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different stimulation patterns on the pattern visual evoked potentials in mice  WANG Jue, MA Bo-wen, ZHANG Wei, SHI Xue-feng△ 2021, 49 (5):  472-475.  doi: 10.11958/20210291 Abstract ( 707 )   PDF (600KB) ( 4025 )   Abstract: Objective　To study the effects of different stimulation patterns on the pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) in mice with implanted electrodes onto the brain surface. Methods　Twenty-two 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice were anesthetized and their heads were fixed on a stereotactic instrument. Recording electrodes were implanted onto the surface of the binocular area of the primary visual cortex, and the reference electrodes were implanted below the nasal bone. Three different forms of pattern visual stimulation were performed on each anaesthetized mouse, which were horizontal grating stimulation, vertical grating stimulation and reversal checkerboard stimulation. P100 waveform amplitudes and peak times of PVEP recorded under different pattern visual stimuli were compared. Results　Under the same spatial frequency and temporal frequency, there were significant differences in the amplitudes (F=18.670, P＜0.01) and peak times (F=21.170，P＜0.01) of PVEP P100 waveforms evoked by horizontal grating stimulation (173.18 μV±33.00 μV, 87.59 ms±12.40 ms), vertical grating stimulation (189.05 μV±31.79 μV, 78.68 ms±9.50 ms) and reversal checkerboard stimulation (142.68 μV±32.64 μV, 96.55 ms±17.57 ms). There were statistically significant differences in all the pairwise comparisons of the amplitudes and peak times of the PVEP P100 waveforms (P＜0.05). The coefficients of variation of the three groups of data were 19.06%, 16.82% and 22.87%, and 14.16%, 12.07% and 18.19%, respectively. Conclusion　Vertical grating stimulation can be used to evoke pattern visual evoked potentials more sensitive and more stable than reversal checkerboard stimulation and horizontal grating stimulation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of low-dose ketamine on neurological function and inflammation factors of MPTP induced Parkinson's disease mice SONG Jun-jie, FAN Jun-chao△, CHEN Ying, CHEN Yong 2021, 49 (5):  476-482.  doi: 10.11958/20203189 Abstract ( 684 )   PDF (1015KB) ( 4406 )   Abstract: Objective　To investigate the effects of low-dose ketamine on the neurological function and neuroinflammation of MPTP induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mice. Methods　Fifty C57BL/6 mice were divided into the NC group, PD group, PD+Keta-L group, PD+Keta-M group and PD+Keta-H group according to random number table method, with 10 mice in each group. PD+Keta-L, PD+Keta-M and PD+Keta-H groups were administered intraperitoneally with 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg ketamine, respectively, once a day for 2 d. PD group, PD+Keta-L, PD+Keta-M and PD+Keta-H groups were  intraperitoneally injected with MPTP 20 mg/kg once a day for 20 days to establish PD mouse models. The gait and modified Neurological Severity Scores (MNSS) were observed in each group. The brain tissues were collected, and HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of brain nerve cells. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in nerve cells was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the apoptosis of nerve cells was detected by TUNEL assay. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were determined by ELISA. The protein levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor (NF) -κB p65 in brain tissues were determined by Western blot assay. Results　Compared with NC group, the abnormal gaits, the MNSS score, the apoptosis of nerve cells and levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were increased in PD group, and the proportion of TH positive cells was decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with PD group, the abnormal gaits was improved, the MNSS score, nerve cell apoptosis rate, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels were decreased, , and the proportion of TH positive cells was increased in PD+ Keta-L group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in these indices between PD+Keta-M group, PD+Keta-L group and PD group (P＞0.05). The expressions of TLR4, NF-κB p65 and MyD88 were significantly higher in the PD group than those in the NC group (P＜0.05). Compared with the PD group, the expressions of TLR4, NF-κB p65 and MyD88 were significantly decreased in the PD+Keta-L group (P＜0.05). TLR4 and MyD88 were decreased only in the PD+ Keta-M group (P＜0.05), and there were no significant changes in these proteins between PD+Keta-H group and PD group (P＞0.05). Conclusion　The low-dose ketamine has certain neuroprotective effect on PD mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Naringenin reduces airway inflammation in asthmatic rats by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway ZHOU Xuan, TAN Zhi-tuan, REN Yi, CHEN Qiu-li, WU Hong, YU Dao-rui△ 2021, 49 (5):  483-489.  doi: 10.11958/20202698 Abstract ( 767 )   PDF (1283KB) ( 4399 )   Abstract: Objective　To investigate the effect of naringenin on airway inflammation in asthmatic rats and its mechanism. Methods　The rat model of asthma was induced with ovalbumin. Rats were divided into normal control group, OVA model group, naringenin 100 mg/kg group and naringenin 200 mg/kg group. After finishing the experiment, the asthmatic rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. Giemsa staining was used to detect the number and classification of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in lung tissue. ELISA was used to detect the content of NF-κB in serum and the Th2 cytokines in BALF. The NF-κB protein and mRNA expression levels in asthmatic rats were detected by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce A549 inflammatory cell model. The expression of NF-κB protein in A549 cells after naringenin treatment was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot assay. Results　Both the naringenin 100 mg/kg and naringenin 200     mg/kg can reduce the infiltration of monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes on lungs and bronchus in asthmatic rats, and can improve the physiological structure of alveoli, reduce bronchial mucosal epithelium shedding, promote bronchial pseudostratification and ciliary structure repairment. Naringenin can reduce the expression levels of NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50 protein and mRNA in lungs (P＜0.05). The serum contents of NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p50 and the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in BALF were significantly decreased after treatment with naringenin (P＜0.05). In in vitro LPS-induced inflammatory A549 cells, naringenin could reduce the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p50 proteins, and reverse the expression of IκBα (P＜0.05). Conclusion　Naringenin can effectively reduce the inflammatory response in lungs and bronchus of asthmatic rats, and its potential mechanism is related to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between estrogen and progesterone levels and Th17/Treg subgroups in the hemorrhagic model mice after medical abortion HU Xiao-yan, GUO Gui-zhi, XIAO Ting-ting 2021, 49 (5):  490-494.  doi: 10.11958/20202707 Abstract ( 587 )   PDF (509KB) ( 4184 )   Abstract: Objective　To study the relationship between estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P) levels and Th17/Treg subgroups in the hemorrhagic model mice after medical abortion. Methods　Thirty-two female Balb/c mice with clean grade were selected and divided into normal pregnancy group (group A), low-dose mifepristone group (group B), high-dose mifepristone group (group C) and mifepristone + gongqing granules group (group D) by random number table method, with 8 mice in each group. Mice in group B, C and D were gavaged with mifepristone 0.88 mg·kg-1·d-1, 1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 and mifepristone (1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) + gongqinggranules (308.16 mg·kg-1·d-1) during d 6 pregnancy, respectively. Alkaline hematin photometric method was used to detect uterine blood loss. The serum E2 and P levels were detected by rdioimmunoassay (RIA). The uterus tissue Th17 (CD3+CD4+IL-17A+), Treg (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) and the ratio of Th17/Treg subsets were detected by flow cytometry double staining method, and the uterus tissue interleukin 17A (IL-17A), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR method. Results　The uterine bleeding volume decreased in turn in group B, group C and group D (P＜0.05). After drug abortion, the E2 levels increased in turn in group A, group B, group C and group D, while the P levels decreased in turn in group A, group B, group C and group D (P＜0.05). The ratio of Th17 and Th17/Treg subgroups of mice decreased in turn in the four groups, while the Treg subgroup ratio decreased in turn (P＜0.05). The levels of IL-17A mRNA increased in turn in the four groups (P＜0.05), and the levels of IL-10 mRNA and TGF- β mRNA were decreased in turn in the four groups (P＜0.05). The serum level of E2 was positively correlated with Th17, Th17/Treg and IL-17A mRNA, and negatively correlated with Treg, IL-10 and TGF-β (all P＜0.05). The serum level of P was positively correlated with Treg, IL-10 and TGF-β, and negatively correlated with Th17, Th17/Treg and IL-17A (all P＜0.05). Conclusion　The changes of serum E2 and P levels in abnormal uterine bleeding after medical abortion are closely related to the changes of Th17/Treg subgroup ratio, and inducing Th17/Treg subgroup to migrate to Th17 can help reduce uterine bleeding. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Study

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The value of uNGAL combined with urinary NAG in the evaluating the severity and prognosis of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury ZHANG Yan, JIN Heng, CAO Chao, SHOU Song-tao△ 2021, 49 (5):  495-498.  doi: 10.11958/20202746 Abstract ( 689 )   PDF (420KB) ( 4413 )   Abstract: Objective　To assess the role of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase (NAG) in risk stratification and prognosis for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods　A total of 101 critically ill patients with AKI were included in the AKI group, and another 27 critically ill patients without AKI during the same period were included as the control group. Clinical and experimental indicators, including serum creatinine, serum potassium, serum albumin, anion gap, uNGAL, urinary NAG, urinary protein and urinary microalbuminuria were compared between the two groups. Based on the severity of kidney injury, patients were divided into Stage 1 group (n=40), Stage 2 group (n=36) and Stage 3 group (n=25). Besides, regarding the survival status of discharge，patients were divided into survival group  (n=63) and death group (n=38). The indicators we collected were compared with different severity and living state. Logistic analysis was used to find out the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of critically ill patients with AKI. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive ability of uNGAL, urinary NAG and uNGAL combined with urinary NAG in critically ill patients with AKI. Results Compared with control group, the levels of uNGAL, urinary NAG, urinary protein, urinary microalbuminuria and serum creatinine increased and the level of serum albumin decreased in AKI group (P＜0.01). The subgroup analysis indicated that the levels of uNGAL and urinary NAG increased with the severity of kidney injury in critically ill patients (P＜0.05). At the same time, compared with the survival group，the levels of uNGAL，urinary NAG，urinary microalbumin urinary protein and serum creatinine were significantly higher and the level of serum albumin was lower in death group (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the increased levels of uNGAL and urinary NAG were the independent risk factors for prognosis in patients. The ROC curve indicated the area under curve (AUC) of uNGAL combined with urinary NAG was 0.886, which was superior to the uNGAL (0.850) and urinary NAG (0.784) separately. Conclusion uNGAL combined with urinary NAG is helpful for evaluating the severity and prognosis of critically ill patients with AKI.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of clinical features and prognosis of patients with first-episode bone metastasis of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer WANG Yan-hui, LI Jian-hua, LIU Ya-hui, Ren Li△ 2021, 49 (5):  499-504.  doi: 10.11958/20203031 Abstract ( 1200 )   PDF (584KB) ( 3981 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with different molecular subtypes of breast cancer with first-episode bone metastases. Methods　The clinical data of 167 patients with first-episode bone metastasis of breast cancer were collected. According to the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and ki-67, patients were divided into Luminal A, Luminal B and HER-2 overexpression types and triple negative (TNBC) molecular subtypes. The clinical and prognostic characteristics of the four subtypes were analyzed. Results Among the 167 patients, 24 (14.37%) had Luminal A subtype, 102 (61.08%) had Luminal B subtype, 18 (10.78%) had overexpression HER-2 subtype and 23 (13.77%) TNBC subtype. The four subtypes were mostly invasive ductal carcinoma. In the pTNM staging, Luminal A was mainly stage I, and the other three types were mainly stage II-III. Luminal B is usually treated by radical mastectomy, and the other three types were usually treated by imitate radical surgery. There were no significant differences in menstrual status, lymph node metastasis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and breast cancer tumor marker levels, other distant metastases, skeletal-related events (SREs) and drug treatment modes between patients with four subtypes (P＞0.05). The median metastasis-free time of the four subtypes were 53, 34, 15 and 33 months, respectively (Log-rank χ2=10.592, P＜0.05). The median overall survival time was 90, 116, 63 and 61 months, respectively (Log-rank χ2=13.080, P＜0.01). The median survival time after bone metastasis was 35, 48, 23 and 18 months, respectively (Log-rank χ2=15.590, P＜0.01). The median metastasis-free time of patients with HER-2 overexpression was the shortest, followed by TNBC and Luminal B, and Luminal A was the longest. TNBC patients had the shortest overall survival time, followed by HER-2 overexpression and Luminal A, and Luminal B was the longest. Molecular subtypes, pTNM, targeted therapy, SREs and CA153 levels were independent factors influencing overall survival time in patients with first-episode bone metastasis of breast cancer (P＜0.05). The death risk in patients with HER-2 overexpression and TNBC subtype were 2.799 and 2.306 times higher than that of  Luminal A subtype. However, Luminal B had a 62% lower risk death than Luminal A. Conclusion　Among the four molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients, patients with HER-2 overexpression and TNBC have poor prognosis. HER-2 overexpression is the first to have bone metastasis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on surgical treatment strategy for secondary choledocholithiasis ZHANG Jing-hong, SHANG Hai-tao, LIU Jun-jian, CHEN Shuai, LI Zhong-lian△ 2021, 49 (5):  505-508.  doi: 10.11958/20203545 Abstract ( 430 )   PDF (535KB) ( 3767 )   Abstract: Objective　To explore the surgical treatment strategies for secondary choledocholithiasis, and to compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages  of laparoscopic primary suture and endoscopic treatment. Methods　The clinical data of 188 patients with secondary common bile duct stones who underwent laparoscopic primary suture and endoscopic treatment were collected. All these patients were with gallbladder stones, 65 patients (primary suture group) underwent laparoscopic choledocholithotomy (LCBDE) and primary suture combined with cholecystectomy (LC), and 123 patients (endoscopic lithotomy group) who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with twelve papillary muscle incision and stone extraction (EST), and LC was performed in the second stage. The stone size, distribution, biliary tract infection, combined underlying diseases and length of hospitalization, postoperative complications, costs and other data were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results　There were no significant differences in the diameter of the common bile duct, the number and the size of stones between the two groups. The length of hospitalization and hospitalization expenses were lower in the primary suture group than those in the endoscopic lithotomy group (P＜0.05). There were 2 cases of minor biliary fistula in the primary suture group and 21 cases of postoperative hyperamylase in the endoscopic lithotomy group. After 1 year follow-up, there was no biliary stricture or recurrence of stones in the two groups. Conclusion　Both treatment methods have merit and demerit, and under the condition of satisfying the indications, the primary suture of common bile duct for the treatment of secondary common bile duct stones has shorter hospital stay, lower cost and no damage to the normal physiological structure compared with the endoscopic lithotomy. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between the expression of serum HMGA2 protein and the progression of renal function in diabetic nephropathy 2021, 49 (5):  509-513.  doi: 10.11958/20202748 Abstract ( 559 )   PDF (429KB) ( 3736 )   Abstract: Objective　To investigate the relationship between the serum expression of high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) and the decreased renal function in patient with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods　A total of 159 DN patients who were diagnosed by renal biopsy in our hospital were selected. According to the decline in renal function, DN patients were divided into rapid renal function decline group (61 cases) and non-rapid renal function decline group (98 cases). The results of laboratory examination and the expression level of serum HMGA2 were compared between the two groups, and its correlation with clinicopathological data was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of renal function decline in DN patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum HMGA2 level in the renal function decline of DN. Results　The systolic blood pressure, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, 24 h urinary protein, serum uric acid, HMGA2 levels, interstitial tubule scores and vascular scores were higher in the rapid renal function decline group than those in the non-rapid renal function decline group. The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum albumin level were lower in the rapid renal function decline group than those of non-rapid renal function decline group (all P＜0.05). The serum HMGA2 levels were positively correlated with serum creatinine (r=0.464) in DN patients, urea nitrogen (r=0.323), 24 h urinary protein (r=0.261), interstitial tubule score and vascular score (r=0.497), and negatively correlated with EGFR (r=-0.344) and hemoglobin (r=-0.199), (P＜0.05). The advanced age, high level of serum creatinine, 24 h urinary protein, HMGA2, low level of eGFR and serum albumin were independent risk factors for renal function decline in DN patients. HMGA2 showed a high evaluation value for renal function decline, and ROC-curve AUC was 0.760 (95% CI:0.663-0.872). The cutoff value was 1.5 μg/L, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.772 and 0.745 respectively. Conclusion　The level of serum HMGA2 expressionis increased in DN patients with renal function decline, which is closely related to the baseline renal function and the degree of tubulointerstitial and vascular lesions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of therapeutic effect and prognostic factors of IMRT combined with sorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis MUNIRE·Abulimiti, TAN Yao△, WANG Hai-feng, LIU Shu-juan, LU Xi, YISIKANDEER·Abulimiti 2021, 49 (5):  514-519.  doi: 10.11958/20202561 Abstract ( 532 )   PDF (529KB) ( 3782 )   Abstract: Objective　To investigate the efficacy, safety and prognostic factors of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with sorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein thrombosis (PVTT). Methods Seventy-six patients of HCC with PVTT were divided into two groups according to whether sorafenib was synchronized or not: IMRT+sorafenib group (n=30) and IMRT alone group (n=46). Clinical data, survival results and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the 2-year overall survival rate (OSR), progression free survival rate (PFSR), distant metastasis free survival rate (DMFSR), and Log-rank test was also used for the detection. The Cox model multivariate analysis was used for prognostic factors. Results The objective response rates (ORR) were 53.3% and 43.5% in IMRT+sorafenib group and IMRT alone group, respectively (P＞0.05). The median survival time was longer in IMRT+sorafenib group than that in the IMRT alone group (12.0 vs. 9.0 months). The 2-year OSR were 23.8% and 3.5% in IMRT+sorafenib group and IMRT alone group (Log-rank χ2=6.271, P=0.012), PFSR were 7.5% and 0 (Log-rank χ2=6.205, P=0.013), and DMFSR were 9.5% and 0 (Log-rank χ2=4.346, P=0.037), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that AST/ALT＞1.26, tumor unresponsiveness and IMRT alone were independent risk factors for OS (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Compared with IMRT alone, IMRT concurrent with sorafenib can improve the long-term efficacy of HCC patients with PVTT, without increasing adverse reactions. The patients with AST/ALT＜1.26, tumor response and concurrent with sorafenib have better prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

Experimental Study

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The effect of stabilization splint combined with orthodontic treatment on temporomandibular joint of class Ⅱ division 2 malocclusion female with temporomandibular disorders LEI Jie, XIAO Yao△, LUO Mao-xuan 2021, 49 (5):  520-524.  doi: 10.11958/20203077 Abstract ( 495 )   PDF   Abstract: Objective　To explore the effect of stabilization splint combined with fixed orthodontic treatment on temporomandibular joint in class Ⅱ division 2 malocclusion adolescent female patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods　Fifteen class Ⅱ division 2 malocclusion female patients with TMD were selected as the experimental group, and 15 class Ⅰ malocclusion female patients were used as the control group. The experimental group was treated with stabilization splint and fixed orthodontic appliance. At each stage of the treatment, cone beam CT was taken to measure the joint structure and the position of condyle. Results　The anterior space (Sa), superior space (Sp) and internal space (Sm) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were larger in the experimental group than those of the control group, while the posterior space (Sp), the inter-external diameter of the condyle (M-L) and the height of the condyle (Hc) were smaller in the experimental group than those of the control group (P＜0.05). The results of TMJ measurement in each stage of treatment in the experimental group were as follows: compared with T0 stage, Sa decreased, Su, Sp, the antero-posterior diameter of the condyle (A-P) and M-L increased in T1 stage (P＜0.05), while in T2 stage Sa decreased, Sp, A-P, M-L, Hc and the depth of the articular fossa (Hf) increased (P＜0.05). In addition, compared with T1 stage, Su decreased and Hf increased in T2 stage (P＜0.05). In the experimental group, the proportion of condylar posterior position was significantly lower at T1 stage and T2 stage than that at T0 stage (P＜0.05). Conclusion　The position and structure of TMJ in class Ⅱ division 2 malocclusion adolescent female patients with TMD are different from those of the normal people. The stabilization splint combined with orthodontic treatment is beneficial to those patients. There are obvious changes of joint space and condylar structure after treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Study

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Relationship between HNF-4α gene polymorphism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease HUANG Hai-yan, LI Yi, LYU Qi-jun, ZHOU Fang, WANG Ji-hong, YANG Chang-chun, XU Juan△ 2021, 49 (5):  525-528.  doi: 10.11958/20202931 Abstract ( 586 )   PDF (407KB) ( 3927 )   Abstract: Objective　To analyze the relationship between HNF-4α gene polymorphism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods　One hundred patients with NAFLD were selected as the observation group, and patients were divided into three subgroups according to the degree of disease: mild group (28 cases), moderate group (36 cases) and severe group (36 cases). One hundred healthy people for physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The general clinical data and blood biochemical indexes were compared between the two groups. The peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the two groups of patients, and the HNF-4α gene loci rs4812829 polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The influencing factors of NAFLD was analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results　There were no significant differences in gender and age between the two groups (P＞0.05). The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly higher in the observation group than those of the control group (P＜0.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density liptein cholesterol (LDL-C), glucose (GLU), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and uric acid (UA) levels generally showed an upward trend in the control group, mild group, moderate group and severe group (P＜0.05), while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level showed a downward trend (P＜0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of HNF-4α rs4812829 allele and genotype between the observation group and the control group (P＞0.05). There were no statistically significant difference in the distribution of HNF-4α rs4812829 allele and genotype between different subgroups in the observation group (P＞0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in ALT, AST, γ-GT, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, GLU, HOMA-IR and UA levels between different genotype carriers at rs4812829 of HNF-4α in the observation group (P＞0.05). The risk of NAFLD in individuals with genotypes AG and AA was not increased compared with those in individuals with genotypes GG. Conclusion　The polymorphism and allele distribution of HNF-4α gene loci rs4812829 are not significantly related to the occurrence of NAFLD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Wallerian degeneration in different parts of cerebral infarction and its effect on nerve function WANG Dong-mei, CAI Gui-shu, LIU Li-sheng△ 2021, 49 (5):  529-533.  doi: 10.11958/20203278 Abstract ( 2086 )   PDF (627KB) ( 3856 )   Abstract: Objective　To investigate the characteristics of Wallerian degeneration in different parts of cerebral infarction and its effect on neurological function. Methods　A total of 185 patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into three groups according to the infarct location: group A (51 cases) with endothelial and subcortical infarcts within the anterior circulation, group B (78 cases) with infarction in the semioval center, paraventricular and basal ganglia within the anterior circulation, and group C (56 cases) with infarction in corpus callosum, thalamus, brainstem and cerebellum within the posterior circulation. MRI was performed within 7 days, 3 months, 9 months and 24 months after the onset of the disease. The incidence of Wallerian degeneration in different time points was counted. Fugl-Meyer motor function scale (FMA) and activities of daily living scale (ADL) were used to evaluate motor function and activities of daily living within 14 days, 3 months, 9 months and 24 months after onset. The changes of FMA and ADL scores were compared at onset and 24 months after onset. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the differences of FMA and ADL scores and baseline characteristics. Results　At 3, 9 and 24 months after cerebral infarction, the incidence of Wallerian degeneration was significantly higher in group A and group B than that in group C (all P＜0.01). The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that gender and Wallerian degeneration time were the influencing factors of FMA score changes after 24 months (all P＜0.05). The FMA score of male patients decreased by 2.230 points more than that of female patients after 24 months, and the decrease range of FMA of patients with Wallerian degeneration at 3 months, 9 months and 24 months were 15.571, 12.970 and 9.620 points respectively. At the same time, the time of Wallerian degeneration was the influencing factor of ADL score changes in patients after 24 months (all P＜0.05). The ADL increased range of patients with Wallerian degeneration at 3 months, 9 months and 24 months were 14.323, 11.969 and 8.574 respectively. Conclusion　Patients with anterior circulation infarction are more prone to Wallerian degeneration, and the earlier it occurs, the more obvious the effect on neuromotor function and daily life. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative analysis of two kinds of intersphincter approach in the treatment of high simple anal fistula#br# GUO Gao-zheng, ZHENG Xue-ping△, TAN Yan-yan, XU Da-chao, CAO Lei, HUANGFU Shao-hua, WANG Xing-bao 2021, 49 (5):  534-538.  doi: 10.11958/20203452 Abstract ( 1149 )   PDF (423KB) ( 3910 )   Abstract: Objective　To observe the clinical efficacy of two kinds of intersphincter approach in the treatment of high simple anal fistula. Methods　Seventy-two patients with high simple anal fistula were randomly divided into experimental group (n=36) and control group (n=36). The experimental group was treated with TROPIS (modified transanal opening of intersphincteric space), and the control group was treated with LIFT (ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract). The hospitalization time, operation time, cure rate, anal function, pain index, wound area, postoperative complications and clinical effect were compared between the two groups. Results　The operation time was shorter in the experimental group than that of control group, and the cure rate was higher than that of control group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in length of hospital stay, anal function and wound area before and after operation between the two groups. The pain index values were lower at the first, third and seventh day after surgery in the experimental group than those of the control group (P＜0.05). The total incidence of complications was higher in the control group than that in the experimental group, and the operative efficiency was lower than that in the experimental group (P＜0.05). Conclusion　The modified TROPIS operation can increase cure rate, shorten the operation time, reduce postoperative pain and reduce postoperative complications, which is worthy of being popularized in clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

Epidemiological Investigation

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Aanlysis of epidemiological characteristics and first follow⁃up test on newly reported student HIV patients in Henan Province during 2010-2019 LIU Yang, LI Ning, YANG Wen-jie, FAN Pan-ying, NIE Yu-gang, XUE Xiu-juan, ZHANG Guo-long, ZHAO Dong-yang△ 2021, 49 (5):  539-544.  doi: 10.11958/20203534 Abstract ( 921 )   PDF (484KB) ( 3844 )   Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the first follow⁃up detection of newly reported HIV cases among young students aged 15 to 24 years in Henan Province from 2010 to 2019. Methods　Data were collected from both Case Reporting Cards and Follow⁃up Database from China Information System for HIV/AIDS Control and Prevention between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2019. Demographic characteristics, route of infection, source of samples, history of sexually transmitted diseases, history of high-risk sexual behavior and the first CD4+ T lymphocyte counts were collected. The patients were followed up for the first time within 30 days after diagnosis, mainly including sexual behavior and other high-risk behaviors, whether safety measures were taken, and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and other tests in the past 3 months. Logistic regression model was used to analyze factors influencing the first CD4+ T cell counts (CD4) less than 200 cells/μL. Results　A total of 1 011 cases of HIV infection were reported in the past decade, with the number of new cases reported annually rising from 50 in 2010 to 198 in 2019. Most cases were male (92.8%), 18-22 years old (67.6%) and Han nationality (98.5%). The route of HIV infection was most frequently homosexual contact (68.2%). The majority of cases (52.1%) were diagnosed at HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) location. About 188(18.8%) students had not unprotected intercourse using condoms every time at the end in the past 3 months, among them, 83 (46.6%) had sex with 1 person, 57 (32.0%) had sex with 2 persons, 25 (14.0%) had sex with 3 persons and 13(7.3%) had sex with 4 or more persons. The proportion of initial CD4+ T lymphocyte counts less than 200 cells/μL was 17.2% (167 cases). The composition showed a descend trend (χ2 trend=99.685, P＜0.01), and it decreased to 8.0% in 2019. Compared to the male and homosexual transmission, female (OR=2.98, 95%CI: 1.63-5.47), heterosexual transmission (OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.48-3.81), other routes of transmission or unknown (OR=16.27, 95%CI: 9.69-27.32) had greater proportion of the first CD4+ T lymphocyte counts test result ＜ 200 cells/μL. Conclusion　The number of newly diagnosed HIV students is increased significantly in Henan Province from 2010 to 2019, and the proportion of late diagnosis was relatively high. Therefore, school warning education and HIV detection should be further strengthened, cases should be detected as early as possible and antiviral treatment should be carried out, so as to reduce the second-generation transmission of the virus. Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Research progress on the proliferation mechanism of keratinocytes in psoriasis SUN Leng-bing, GONG Jian, LIU Qiao△ 2021, 49 (5):  545-549.  doi: 10.11958/20202913 Abstract ( 708 )   PDF (387KB) ( 4581 )   Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Its pathogenesis is extremely complex. Abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes (KCs) is one of its important pathological features. In the process of pathopoiesis, many factors can cause keratinocytes proliferation，interacting with each other, thus leading to the recurrence of psoriasis and the fact that it is more difficult to cure. In this paper, we focus on inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, microRNA and the antagonism of traditional Chinese medicine on keratinocytes proliferation looking forward to provide reference for further study of pathogenesis and clinical precise treatment of psoriasis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current progress in α-synuclein-based animal models of Parkinson's disease DU Ke-chen, , , ZOU Chun-lin, , △ 2021, 49 (5):  550-555.  doi: 10.11958/20202907 Abstract ( 706 )   PDF (422KB) ( 4182 )   Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. A number of studies have shown that α-synuclein (α-syn) is closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Domestic and foreign researchers have established PD animal models via the ectopic expression, overexpression or intracerebral injection of α-syn. In recent years, α-synuclein preformed fibrils (α-syn PFFs) have been used in the construction of animal models. α-syn PFFs play an important role in the study of the origin of PD and the transmission of neuronal degeneration. Compared with the toxin-induced models, these models can better reproduce the characteristics of pathological changes of PD patients. In this article, we mainly reviewed the research progress in α-synuclein-based animal models of PD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of caveolae-related proteins in human breast cancer WANG Bai-chuan, YU Yue, LI Ying-xi, GE Jie, TIAN Yao△ 2021, 49 (5):  556-560.  doi: 10.11958/20203317 Abstract ( 755 )   PDF (383KB) ( 4041 )   Abstract: Caveolae and its related proteins are closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Caveolins include Cav-1, Cav-2 and Cav-3, among which Cav-1 is the most concerned. According to different molecular types and stages of breast cancer, Cav-1 play a dual role as tumor suppressor and tumor promoter and affect cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and metastasis of tumor. Cav-2 can also inhibit and promote cancer. Cav-2 can not only cooperate with Cav-1, but also play a regulatory role independently. At present, Cav-3 is less studied in breast cancer. Alblation of Cav-3 can form an anti-tumor microenvironment. Cavins include Cavin-1, Cavin-2, Cavin-3 and Cavin-4. Cavin-1 can inhibit membrane tubule formation induced by Cav-1, and its specific role in breast cancer remains controversial. As a breast cancer suppressor, Cavin-2 can inhibit the progression of breast cancer by blocking TGF - β signaling pathway. Cavin-3 plays an anti-tumor role in breast cancer, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. The relationship between Cavin-4 and breast cancer is still not clear. Related Articles | Metrics