
天津医药 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (11): 1152-1157.doi: 10.11958/20251656
李岩(
), 焦海涛, 花海洋, 刘伟, 刘淑玲, 曹新菊, 郝欣, 王爱民△(
)
收稿日期:2025-05-08
修回日期:2025-08-01
出版日期:2025-11-15
发布日期:2025-11-19
通讯作者:
△E-mail:作者简介:李岩(1999),女,硕士在读,主要从事消化系统疾病及肝硬化相关并发症的研究。E-mail:基金资助:
LI Yan(
), JIAO Haitao, HUA Haiyang, LIU Wei, LIU Shuling, CAO Xinju, HAO Xin, WANG Aimin△(
)
Received:2025-05-08
Revised:2025-08-01
Published:2025-11-15
Online:2025-11-19
Contact:
△E-mail:李岩, 焦海涛, 花海洋, 刘伟, 刘淑玲, 曹新菊, 郝欣, 王爱民. NHR与MLR联合预测肝硬化合并急性食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血患者内镜治疗后早期再出血的临床价值[J]. 天津医药, 2025, 53(11): 1152-1157.
LI Yan, JIAO Haitao, HUA Haiyang, LIU Wei, LIU Shuling, CAO Xinju, HAO Xin, WANG Aimin. The clinical value of NHR combined with MLR for predicting early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment in patients with cirrhosis complicated by acute esophageal-gastric variceal rupture and bleeding[J]. Tianjin Medical Journal, 2025, 53(11): 1152-1157.
摘要:
目的 评估中性粒细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(NHR)联合单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(MLR)对肝硬化合并急性食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血(AEVB)患者经内镜治疗后早期再出血的预测价值。方法 纳入肝硬化合并AEVB患者228例,根据是否发生早期再出血分为再出血组(96例)和未再出血组(132例),收集2组的一般资料和实验室指标,并计算终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分、Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)评分、肝纤维化指数-4(FIB-4)、MLR及NHR。采用Logistic回归分析肝硬化合并AEVB患者早期再出血的危险因素。基于NHR和MLR构建预测早期再出血风险的列线图模型。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、Hosmer-Lemeshow检验、净重新分类指数(NRI)和综合判别改善指数(IDI)评估模型的预测效能及拟合度。结果 与未再出血组相比,再出血组的收缩压、血小板计数(PLT)、白蛋白/球蛋白比值(A/G)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)降低,总胆汁酸(TBA)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、血浆活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、国际标准化比值(INR)、FIB-4、NHR、MLR、MELD评分和CTP评分均升高(P<0.05)。NHR与AST、TBIL、INR呈正相关(P<0.05);MLR与PLT呈负相关,与AST、TBIL、FIB-4呈正相关(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,TT延长、NHR及MLR升高是肝硬化并发AEVB患者出现早期再出血的独立危险因素。基于NHR与MLR构建的列线图模型预测早期再出血的曲线下面积为0.810(95%CI:0.754~0.866);Hosmer-Lemeshow检验提示模型拟合良好。IDI及NRI分析显示,NHR联合MLR对早期再出血的预测价值优于MELD评分及CTP评分。结论 NHR和MLR是预测肝硬化合并AEVB患者经内镜治疗后早期再出血的有效指标,有助于早期识别高风险患者,为临床干预提供参考。
中图分类号:
| 组别 | n | 性别 (男/女) | 年龄/ 岁 | 心率/ (次/min) | SBP/ mmHg | 肝癌 病史 | 呕血为 首发表现 | 黑便为 首发表现 | 吸烟史 | 饮酒史 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 未再出血组 | 132 | 84/48 | 57.05±10.80 | 85.50(75.25,93.75) | 124.00(111.00,135.00) | 26(19.7) | 82(62.1) | 96(72.7) | 60(45.5) | 65(49.2) | |||||||
| 再出血组 | 96 | 67/29 | 55.07±11.11 | 82.00(72.25,97.75) | 116.50(106.25,126.00) | 20(20.8) | 57(59.4) | 67(69.8) | 47(49.0) | 51(53.1) | |||||||
| t、Z或χ2 | 0.941 | 1.351 | 0.699 | 2.604* | 0.045 | 0.176 | 0.235 | 0.274 | 0.335 | ||||||||
| 组别 | 肝硬化病因 | ||||||||||||||||
| 慢性乙型病毒性 | 慢性丙型病毒性 | 酒精性 | 自身免疫性 | 药物性 | 非酒精脂肪性 | 其他 | |||||||||||
| 未再出血组 | 64(48.5) | 16(12.1) | 24(18.2) | 14(10.6) | 3(2.3) | 0(0.0) | 11(8.3) | ||||||||||
| 再出血组 | 41(42.7) | 13(13.6) | 19(19.8) | 15(15.6) | 0(0.0) | 1(1.0) | 7(7.3) | ||||||||||
| χ2 | 5.301 | ||||||||||||||||
表1 2组患者一般资料比较
Tab.1 Comparison of general information between the two groups
| 组别 | n | 性别 (男/女) | 年龄/ 岁 | 心率/ (次/min) | SBP/ mmHg | 肝癌 病史 | 呕血为 首发表现 | 黑便为 首发表现 | 吸烟史 | 饮酒史 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 未再出血组 | 132 | 84/48 | 57.05±10.80 | 85.50(75.25,93.75) | 124.00(111.00,135.00) | 26(19.7) | 82(62.1) | 96(72.7) | 60(45.5) | 65(49.2) | |||||||
| 再出血组 | 96 | 67/29 | 55.07±11.11 | 82.00(72.25,97.75) | 116.50(106.25,126.00) | 20(20.8) | 57(59.4) | 67(69.8) | 47(49.0) | 51(53.1) | |||||||
| t、Z或χ2 | 0.941 | 1.351 | 0.699 | 2.604* | 0.045 | 0.176 | 0.235 | 0.274 | 0.335 | ||||||||
| 组别 | 肝硬化病因 | ||||||||||||||||
| 慢性乙型病毒性 | 慢性丙型病毒性 | 酒精性 | 自身免疫性 | 药物性 | 非酒精脂肪性 | 其他 | |||||||||||
| 未再出血组 | 64(48.5) | 16(12.1) | 24(18.2) | 14(10.6) | 3(2.3) | 0(0.0) | 11(8.3) | ||||||||||
| 再出血组 | 41(42.7) | 13(13.6) | 19(19.8) | 15(15.6) | 0(0.0) | 1(1.0) | 7(7.3) | ||||||||||
| χ2 | 5.301 | ||||||||||||||||
| 组别 | PLT/(×109/L) | TBA/(μmol/L) | ALT/(U/L) | AST/(U/L) | TBIL/(μmol/L) | A/G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 未再出血组 | 82.50(64.00,131.75) | 19.90(6.58,34.88) | 21.00(14.00,30.00) | 27.50(20.00,41.75) | 16.85(11.03,30.95) | 1.29(1.08,1.47) |
| 再出血组 | 57.50(38.25,82.00) | 36.20(12.45,56.28) | 24.00(17.00,44.75) | 35.00(23.25,70.50) | 30.30(18.63,38.55) | 1.08(0.81,1.27) |
| Z | 5.316* | 3.364* | 2.597* | 3.251* | 5.098* | 4.858* |
| 组别 | Cr/(μmol/L) | CEA/(μg/L) | AFP/(μg/L) | Na+/(mmol/L) | K+/(mmol/L) | LDL-C/(mmol/L) |
| 未再出血组 | 61.50(51.00,73.00) | 1.89(1.23,2.69) | 2.40(1.43,3.60) | 138.00(135.00,140.00) | 3.86(3.59,4.20) | 1.47(1.13,1.73) |
| 再出血组组 | 64.00(52.50,78.00) | 2.09(1.39,3.05) | 2.30(1.70,4.20) | 137.50(135.00,139.00) | 3.82(3.55,4.20) | 1.31(0.96,1.56) |
| Z | 1.334 | 1.800 | 0.497 | 1.791 | 0.160 | 2.417* |
| 组别 | APTT/s | TT/s | INR | FIB-4 | ||
| 未再出血组 | 30.45(28.10,33.95) | 18.20(16.93,19.90) | 1.28(1.19,1.42) | 1.62(1.18,2.04) | ||
| 再出血组 | 32.45(28.73,34.80) | 19.20(17.53,20.95) | 1.36(1.23,1.58) | 1.75(1.30,2.10) | ||
| Z | 2.021* | 2.430* | 3.089* | 3.805* | ||
表2 2组患者实验室指标比较 [M(P25,P75)]
Tab.2 Comparison of laboratory indicators between the two groups
| 组别 | PLT/(×109/L) | TBA/(μmol/L) | ALT/(U/L) | AST/(U/L) | TBIL/(μmol/L) | A/G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 未再出血组 | 82.50(64.00,131.75) | 19.90(6.58,34.88) | 21.00(14.00,30.00) | 27.50(20.00,41.75) | 16.85(11.03,30.95) | 1.29(1.08,1.47) |
| 再出血组 | 57.50(38.25,82.00) | 36.20(12.45,56.28) | 24.00(17.00,44.75) | 35.00(23.25,70.50) | 30.30(18.63,38.55) | 1.08(0.81,1.27) |
| Z | 5.316* | 3.364* | 2.597* | 3.251* | 5.098* | 4.858* |
| 组别 | Cr/(μmol/L) | CEA/(μg/L) | AFP/(μg/L) | Na+/(mmol/L) | K+/(mmol/L) | LDL-C/(mmol/L) |
| 未再出血组 | 61.50(51.00,73.00) | 1.89(1.23,2.69) | 2.40(1.43,3.60) | 138.00(135.00,140.00) | 3.86(3.59,4.20) | 1.47(1.13,1.73) |
| 再出血组组 | 64.00(52.50,78.00) | 2.09(1.39,3.05) | 2.30(1.70,4.20) | 137.50(135.00,139.00) | 3.82(3.55,4.20) | 1.31(0.96,1.56) |
| Z | 1.334 | 1.800 | 0.497 | 1.791 | 0.160 | 2.417* |
| 组别 | APTT/s | TT/s | INR | FIB-4 | ||
| 未再出血组 | 30.45(28.10,33.95) | 18.20(16.93,19.90) | 1.28(1.19,1.42) | 1.62(1.18,2.04) | ||
| 再出血组 | 32.45(28.73,34.80) | 19.20(17.53,20.95) | 1.36(1.23,1.58) | 1.75(1.30,2.10) | ||
| Z | 2.021* | 2.430* | 3.089* | 3.805* | ||
| 组别 | NHR | MLR |
|---|---|---|
| 未再出血组 | 2.25(1.62,3.61) | 0.27(0.19,0.46) |
| 再出血组 | 4.59(2.59,8.96) | 0.54(0.38,0.84) |
| Z | 6.233* | 7.217* |
| 组别 | MELD评分 | CTP评分 |
| 未再出血组 | 9.35(7.29,10.91) | 5.00(4.00,6.00) |
| 再出血组 | 10.83(7.77,13.97) | 5.00(5.00,7.00) |
| Z | 3.087* | 3.690* |
表3 2组炎性指标及肝硬化预后评分比较 [M(P25,P75)]
Tab.3 Comparison of inflammatory markers and prognosis scores of liver cirrhosis between the two groups
| 组别 | NHR | MLR |
|---|---|---|
| 未再出血组 | 2.25(1.62,3.61) | 0.27(0.19,0.46) |
| 再出血组 | 4.59(2.59,8.96) | 0.54(0.38,0.84) |
| Z | 6.233* | 7.217* |
| 组别 | MELD评分 | CTP评分 |
| 未再出血组 | 9.35(7.29,10.91) | 5.00(4.00,6.00) |
| 再出血组 | 10.83(7.77,13.97) | 5.00(5.00,7.00) |
| Z | 3.087* | 3.690* |
| 指标 | SBP | PLT | AST | TBIL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NHR | -0.090 | 0.223 | 0.147* | 0.252** |
| MLR | -0.076 | -0.152* | 0.163* | 0.334* |
| 指标 | APTT | INR | A/G | FIB-4 |
| NHR | -0.128 | 0.181* | -0.103 | -0.121 |
| MLR | 0.063 | 0.154 | -0.246 | 0.147* |
表4 NHR、MLR与各项临床指标的相关性分析 (rs)
Tab.4 Correlation analysis of NHR, MLR and relevant clinical indiccators
| 指标 | SBP | PLT | AST | TBIL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NHR | -0.090 | 0.223 | 0.147* | 0.252** |
| MLR | -0.076 | -0.152* | 0.163* | 0.334* |
| 指标 | APTT | INR | A/G | FIB-4 |
| NHR | -0.128 | 0.181* | -0.103 | -0.121 |
| MLR | 0.063 | 0.154 | -0.246 | 0.147* |
| 变量 | β | SE | Wald χ2 | P | OR(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP | -0.017 | 0.009 | 3.745 | 0.053 | 0.983(0.966~1.000) |
| TBA | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.167 | 0.683 | 1.002(0.994~1.009) |
| ALT | 0.010 | 0.007 | 2.178 | 0.140 | 1.010(0.997~1.023) |
| LDL-C | -0.187 | 0.278 | 0.449 | 0.503 | 0.830(0.481~1.432) |
| APTT | 0.080 | 0.044 | 3.253 | 0.071 | 1.083(0.993~1.182) |
| TT | 0.127 | 0.063 | 4.029 | 0.045 | 1.136(1.003~1.286) |
| NHR | 0.121 | 0.045 | 7.350 | 0.007 | 1.129(1.034~1.232) |
| MLR | 3.496 | 0.732 | 22.813 | <0.001 | 32.997(7.859~138.543) |
| 常数项 | -5.440 | 2.171 | 6.278 | 0.012 | 0.004 |
表5 影响患者再出血的多因素Logistic回归分析
Tab.5 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing rebleeding in patients
| 变量 | β | SE | Wald χ2 | P | OR(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP | -0.017 | 0.009 | 3.745 | 0.053 | 0.983(0.966~1.000) |
| TBA | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.167 | 0.683 | 1.002(0.994~1.009) |
| ALT | 0.010 | 0.007 | 2.178 | 0.140 | 1.010(0.997~1.023) |
| LDL-C | -0.187 | 0.278 | 0.449 | 0.503 | 0.830(0.481~1.432) |
| APTT | 0.080 | 0.044 | 3.253 | 0.071 | 1.083(0.993~1.182) |
| TT | 0.127 | 0.063 | 4.029 | 0.045 | 1.136(1.003~1.286) |
| NHR | 0.121 | 0.045 | 7.350 | 0.007 | 1.129(1.034~1.232) |
| MLR | 3.496 | 0.732 | 22.813 | <0.001 | 32.997(7.859~138.543) |
| 常数项 | -5.440 | 2.171 | 6.278 | 0.012 | 0.004 |
图2 MELD评分、CTP评分、NHR、MLR及NHR联合MLR预测肝硬化合并AEVB患者再出血的ROC曲线
Fig.2 ROC curves of MELD score, CTP score, NHR, MLR and NHR combined with MLR for predicting rebleeding in cirrhosis patients with AEVB
| 指标 | AUC | 95%CI | 敏感度/ % | 特异度/ % | 截断值 | 约登 指数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MELD评分 | 0.620 | 0.544~0.696 | 55.2 | 72.1 | 10.526分 | 0.273 |
| CTP评分 | 0.643 | 0.568~0.711 | 80.2 | 47.0 | 4.500分 | 0.272 |
| NHR | 0.741 | 0.676~0.807 | 67.7 | 72.7 | 3.396 | 0.404 |
| MLR | 0.780 | 0.721~0.839 | 79.2 | 68.2 | 0.365 | 0.474 |
| NHR+MLR | 0.810 | 0.754~0.866 | 82.3 | 67.4 | - | 0.497 |
表6 MELD评分、CTP评分、NHR、MLR及NHR联合MLR对肝硬化合并AEVB患者再出血的预测效能
Tab.6 Predictive efficacy of MELD score,CTP score,NHR,MLR and NHR combined with MLR for rebleeding in cirrhosis patients with AEVB
| 指标 | AUC | 95%CI | 敏感度/ % | 特异度/ % | 截断值 | 约登 指数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MELD评分 | 0.620 | 0.544~0.696 | 55.2 | 72.1 | 10.526分 | 0.273 |
| CTP评分 | 0.643 | 0.568~0.711 | 80.2 | 47.0 | 4.500分 | 0.272 |
| NHR | 0.741 | 0.676~0.807 | 67.7 | 72.7 | 3.396 | 0.404 |
| MLR | 0.780 | 0.721~0.839 | 79.2 | 68.2 | 0.365 | 0.474 |
| NHR+MLR | 0.810 | 0.754~0.866 | 82.3 | 67.4 | - | 0.497 |
| 指标 | NRI | PNRI | IDI | PIDI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NHR+MLR vs. NHR | 0.663 | <0.001 | 0.116 | <0.001 |
| NHR+MLR vs. MLR | 0.487 | <0.001 | 0.051 | <0.001 |
| NHR+MLR vs. MELD | 0.869 | <0.001 | 0.225 | <0.001 |
| NHR+MLR vs. CTP | 0.750 | <0.001 | 0.216 | <0.001 |
表7 NHR联合MLR与NHR、MLR、MELD评分、CTP评分的NRI和IDI分析
Tab.7 NRI and IDI analysis of NHR combined with MLR and other indicators
| 指标 | NRI | PNRI | IDI | PIDI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NHR+MLR vs. NHR | 0.663 | <0.001 | 0.116 | <0.001 |
| NHR+MLR vs. MLR | 0.487 | <0.001 | 0.051 | <0.001 |
| NHR+MLR vs. MELD | 0.869 | <0.001 | 0.225 | <0.001 |
| NHR+MLR vs. CTP | 0.750 | <0.001 | 0.216 | <0.001 |
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