天津医药 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 721-726.doi: 10.11958/20252732

• 临床研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

围产期甲状腺疾病特征及新生儿甲状腺功能异常的危险因素分析

牛晓霞1(), 牛旭东2,()   

  1. 1 宁夏医科大学附属银川市妇幼保健院产科(邮编750000)
    2 宁夏医科大学附属银川市妇幼保健院内科(邮编750000)
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-19 修回日期:2025-12-12 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-13
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:3328413293@qq.com
  • 作者简介:牛晓霞(1987),女,主治医师,主要从事孕产妇甲状腺疾病方面研究。E-mail:niuxiaoxiaxiaoxia@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区科技惠民专项项目(2023CMG03030)

Analysis of perinatal thyroid disease characteristics and risk factors for neonatal thyroid dysfunction

NIU Xiaoxia1(), NIU Xudong2,()   

  1. 1 Department of Obstetrics, Yinchuan Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
    2 Department of Internal Medicine, Yinchuan Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
  • Received:2025-08-19 Revised:2025-12-12 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-07-13
  • Contact: E-mail:3328413293@qq.com

摘要:

目的 探讨围产期甲状腺疾病特征,分析新生儿甲状腺功能异常的危险因素。方法 选取2022年3月—2025年3月在宁夏医科大学附属银川市妇幼保健院进行产前检查并分娩的1 237例孕妇及其新生儿作为研究对象。根据是否合并围产期甲状腺疾病分为观察组(358例)和对照组(879例)。收集孕妇临床资料,检测妊娠早、中、晚期及产后促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)及甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)等指标。随访新生儿甲状腺功能,分析孕产期甲状腺疾病特征,采用多因素Logistic回归分析新生儿甲状腺功能异常的独立危险因素。结果 1 237例孕妇中,孕产期甲状腺疾病总体患病率为28.9%。其中,临床甲状腺功能减退症患病率为5.6%(69例),亚临床甲状腺功能减退症为9.3%(115例),甲状腺毒症为4.9%(61例),TPOAb或TgAb阳性率为12.8%(158例),甲状腺结节为6.7%(83例),产后甲状腺炎为7.2%(89例)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,妊娠早期TSH水平升高(OR=2.387,95%CI:1.593~3.572)、TPOAb阳性(OR=1.915,95%CI:1.232~2.998)、未使用碘补充剂(OR=2.145,95%CI:1.378~3.352)及高龄(OR=1.792,95%CI:1.121~2.885)是新生儿甲状腺功能异常的独立危险因素。结论 妊娠早期TSH水平升高、TPOAb阳性、碘缺乏及高龄是新生儿甲状腺功能异常的独立危险因素。

关键词: 甲状腺疾病, 围产期, 流行病学, 婴儿, 新生, 甲状腺功能异常, 危险因素

Abstract:

Objective To explore the characteristics of perinatal thyroid diseases and analyze the risk factors for neonatal thyroid dysfunction. Methods A total of 1 237 pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination and delivered at Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, from March 2022 to March 2025, along with their neonates, were enrolled as study subjects. According to the presence or absence of perinatal thyroid diseases, the participants were divided into the observation group (358 cases) and the control group (879 cases). Clinical data of the pregnant women were collected, and levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were measured during the first, second and third trimesters as well as postpartum. Neonatal thyroid function was followed up to analyze the characteristics of perinatal thyroid diseases. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for neonatal thyroid dysfunction. Results Among the 1 237 pregnant women, the overall prevalence of perinatal thyroid disorders was 28.9%. The prevalence rates of overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, positivity for TPOAb or TgAb, thyroid nodules and postpartum thyroiditis were 5.6% (69 cases), 9.3% (115 cases), 4.9% (61 cases), 12.8% (158 cases), 6.7% (83 cases) and 7.2% (89 cases), respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated first-trimester TSH level (OR=2.387, 95%CI: 1.593-3.572), TPOAb positivity (OR=1.915, 95%CI: 1.232-2.998), non-use of iodine supplementation (OR=2.145, 95%CI: 1.378-3.352) and advanced maternal age (≥35 years, OR=1.792, 95%CI: 1.121-2.885) were independent risk factors for neonatal thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion Elevated first-trimester TSH level, TPOAb positivity, iodine deficiency and advanced maternal age are independent risk factors for neonatal thyroid dysfunction.

Key words: thyroid diseases, peripartum period, epidemiology, infant, newborn, thyroid dysfunction, risk factors

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