Predictive value of vitamin and folic acid levels in gestational diabetes mellitus complicated by preeclampsia

doi:10.11958/20240818

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the correlation between vitamin A, E, D and folic acid levels and concomitant preeclampsia (PE) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A total of 108 patients with GDM complicated with PE were used as the PE group, and another 108 GDM patients without PE were used as the GDM group. A total of 108 normal pregnant women with normal pregnancy test were used as the normal control group. The general information and vitamin A, E, D and folic acid levels were compared between the three groups. According to the severity of the disease, the PE group was subdivided into the mild-moderate PE group (62 cases) and the severe PE group (46 cases), and vitamin A, E, D and folic acid levels were compared between these two groups. Results Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) were increased in turn in the normal control group, the GDM group and the PE groups (P< 0.05), and vitamins A, E, D and folic acid levels were decreased in turn (P< 0.05). Triglyceride, total cholesterol and glycated haemoglobin were higher in the PE group than those in the GDM group and the normal control, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was lower than that in the GDM group and the normal control group (P<0.05). Vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D and folic acid levels were lower in the severe PE group than those in the mild to moderate PE group (P<0.05). Higher levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D and folate were protective factors for GDM patients with severe PE. Folic acid showed higher predictive efficacy and specificity in single indicator analysis. Vitamin A showed high predictive specificity. The combined prediction of four indicators for severe PE in GDM patients was more effective than each individual indicator. Conclusion Serum vitamin A, E, D and folate levels are significantly lower in patients with GDM complicated with PE, and the combination of all four may improve the predictive value of severe PE complicated with GDM.

Key words: vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D, folic acid, diabetes, gestational, hypertension, pregnancy-induced, preeclampsia

CLC Number:

R714.256，R714.245

Figures/Tables 6

References 21

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组别		年龄/ 岁		孕周/ 周			孕前BMI/ （kg/m²）		收缩压/ mmHg
正常对照组		27.31±2.37		38.26±1.30			23.37±2.45		122.38±14.70
GDM组		27.47±2.08		38.18±1.57			23.43±2.50		130.30±8.04^a
PE组		27.35±2.51		38.41±1.68			23.67±2.54		146.43±5.48^ab
F		0.138		0.633			0.437		156.617^＊＊
组别	舒张压/ mmHg				TG/ （mmol/L）	TC/ （mmol/L）		LDL-C/（mmol/L）
正常对照组	75.85±6.19				4.51±0.46	5.87±0.86		2.86±0.74
GDM组	84.27±4.36^a				4.60±0.53	6.01±0.89		2.78±0.74
PE组	108.56±10.54^ab				6.59±0.87^ab	6.72±1.02^ab		2.81±0.62
F	554.964^＊＊				358.499^＊＊	26.163^＊＊		0.358
组别			HDL-C/ （mmol/L）		HbA1c/ %			FBG/ （mmol/L）		FINS/ （mU/L）
正常对照组			1.54±0.41		5.27±0.61			4.10±0.42		6.84±0.71
GDM组			1.55±0.30		5.32±0.73			4.67±0.57^a		11.76±1.57^a
PE组			1.20±0.21^ab		5.92±0.78^ab			5.34±0.69^ab		15.81±2.76^ab
F			42.564^＊＊		28.010^＊＊			127.702^＊＊		617.551^＊＊

组别		年龄/ 岁		孕周/ 周			孕前BMI/ （kg/m²）		收缩压/ mmHg
正常对照组		27.31±2.37		38.26±1.30			23.37±2.45		122.38±14.70
GDM组		27.47±2.08		38.18±1.57			23.43±2.50		130.30±8.04^a
PE组		27.35±2.51		38.41±1.68			23.67±2.54		146.43±5.48^ab
F		0.138		0.633			0.437		156.617^＊＊
组别	舒张压/ mmHg				TG/ （mmol/L）	TC/ （mmol/L）		LDL-C/（mmol/L）
正常对照组	75.85±6.19				4.51±0.46	5.87±0.86		2.86±0.74
GDM组	84.27±4.36^a				4.60±0.53	6.01±0.89		2.78±0.74
PE组	108.56±10.54^ab				6.59±0.87^ab	6.72±1.02^ab		2.81±0.62
F	554.964^＊＊				358.499^＊＊	26.163^＊＊		0.358
组别			HDL-C/ （mmol/L）		HbA1c/ %			FBG/ （mmol/L）		FINS/ （mU/L）
正常对照组			1.54±0.41		5.27±0.61			4.10±0.42		6.84±0.71
GDM组			1.55±0.30		5.32±0.73			4.67±0.57^a		11.76±1.57^a
PE组			1.20±0.21^ab		5.92±0.78^ab			5.34±0.69^ab		15.81±2.76^ab
F			42.564^＊＊		28.010^＊＊			127.702^＊＊		617.551^＊＊

组别	维生素A/ （mg/L）	维生素E/ （mg/L）	维生素D/ （ng/L）	叶酸/ （nmol/L）
正常对照组	0.73±0.13	18.37±3.76	3.66±0.59	21.49±3.48
GDM组	0.56±0.12^a	16.49±3.37^a	3.38±0.61^a	18.78±3.20^a
PE组	0.37±0.05^ab	12.09±2.79^ab	2.60±0.55^ab	14.60±2.99^ab
F	310.899^＊＊	101.145^＊＊	95.592^＊＊	124.753^＊＊

组别	维生素A/ （mg/L）	维生素E/ （mg/L）	维生素D/ （ng/L）	叶酸/ （nmol/L）
正常对照组	0.73±0.13	18.37±3.76	3.66±0.59	21.49±3.48
GDM组	0.56±0.12^a	16.49±3.37^a	3.38±0.61^a	18.78±3.20^a
PE组	0.37±0.05^ab	12.09±2.79^ab	2.60±0.55^ab	14.60±2.99^ab
F	310.899^＊＊	101.145^＊＊	95.592^＊＊	124.753^＊＊

组别	n	维生素A/ （mg/L）	维生素E/ （mg/L）	维生素D/ （ng/L）	叶酸/ （nmol/L）
轻中度PE组	62	0.46±0.07	14.37±3.05	2.97±0.59	16.72±3.14
重度PE组	46	0.26±0.03	9.01±2.45	2.11±0.50	11.75±2.79
t		18.163^＊＊	9.799^＊＊	7.983^＊＊	8.523^＊＊