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15 December 2024, Volume 52 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Cell and Molecular Biology
Experimental Research
Clinical Research
Drug Clinical Evaluations
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Cell and Molecular Biology

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Phlorizin allevistes oxidative stress and apoptosis of rat cardiac myocytes H9C2 induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation by down-regulating miR-125a-5p MIAO Chunbo, XU Yingchun, CHANG Yifang 2024, 52 (12):  1233-1238.  doi: 10.11958/20240846 Abstract ( 268 )   HTML ( 44 )   PDF (1365KB) ( 32 )   Objective To investigate the effect of phlorizin on the apoptosis and oxidative stress of rat cardiomyocytes H9C2 induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and its possible mechanism. Methods H9C2 cells were cultured in vitro. H/R model was established after pretreatment with different doses (16, 32, 64 μmol/L) of phlorizin or transfection with anti-miR-125a-5p, anti-miR-NC, miR-125a-5p mimics and negative controls. Proliferation was detected by CCK-8, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of B lymphoblastoma-2 associated X protein (Bax) and B lymphocytoma-2 (Bcl-2) were detected by Western blot assay. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by colorimetric method. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-125a-5p. Results Compared with the H/R group, inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, Bax protein expression, LDH content and miR-125a-5p expression were decreased after low, medium and high doses of phlorizin treatment (P<0.05), and SOD activity, Bcl-2 protein expression were increased (P<0.05). After inhibiting the expression of miR-125a-5p, the inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, Bax protein expression and LDH content of H9C2 cells induced by H/R were decreased (P<0.05), and SOD activity, Bcl-2 protein expression were increased (P<0.05). Overexpression of miR-125a-5p reversed the effect of phloridin on H/R-induced proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative stress of H9C2 cells. Conclusion Phlorizin may reduce H/R-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in H9C2 cells by decreasing the expression of miR-125a-5p. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of acacetin on lipopolysaccharide induced apoptosis of dental pulp cells by regulating the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway LIN Yao, LIU Congna, WANG Shixia, ZHANG Zhiyong 2024, 52 (12):  1238-1243.  doi: 10.11958/20240738 Abstract ( 234 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1182KB) ( 13 )   Objective To investigate the effect of acacetin (ACE) on the apoptosis of dental pulp cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by regulating the high mobility histone 1 (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Methods Third generation dental pulp cells were isolated, cloned and purified from pulp of five patients with healthy teeth extracted from orthodontics and impaction. Cell morphology was observed and identification of stromal cell surface antigen1(STRO1) by immunofluorescence, and epidermal antigens CD90, CD105, CD34 and CD45 were identified by flow cytometry. MTT was applied to identify the effect of ACE on the activity of primary dental pulp cells (DPSCs). DPSCs were divided into the control group (0 μmol/L ACE culture), the LPS group (1 ng/L LPS treatment), the L-ACE group (added 20 μmol/L ACE on the basis of LPS group), the H-ACE group (added 40 μmol/L ACE on the basis of LPS group), the pcDNA-NC group (transfected pcDNA-NC plasmid on the basis of H-ACE group) and the HMGB group (transfected pcDNA-HMGB on the basis of H-ACE group). Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. Clone formation number was detected by clone formation assay. Western blot experiments were applied to detect the expression of HMGB1/TLR4 pathway, apoptosis and inflammation related proteins. ELISA assay was applied to detect levels of interleukin (IL-)-1β, IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cell supernatant. Results DPSCs were successfully isolated and identified based on cell morphology, positive expression of STRO1, positive expression of CD90 and CD105, and negative identification of CD34 and CD45. Compared with the control group, cell proliferation activity, clonal cell count, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and IL-4 levels were decreased in the LPS group, while apoptosis rate, the pathway related proteins HMGB1, TLR4, apoptosis related proteins aspartate-specific cysteine protease (Caspase) -3, Caspase-7, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α were increased in the LPS group (P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, cell proliferation activity, Bcl-2 and IL-4 were increased successively in the L-ACE group and the H-ACE group, and apoptosis rate, pathway-related proteins HMGB1, TLR4, Caspase-3, Caspase-7 and Bax, and inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α were reduced successively (P<0.05). Overexpression of HMGB reversed the effects of H-ACE on cell proliferation, apoptosis, expression of related proteins and inflammatory factors (P<0.05). Conclusion ACE inhibits LPS induced apoptosis of dental pulp cells, and it may be achieved by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Experimental Research

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Mechanism study of Qingchang mixture in the treatment of postoperative abdominal adhesions by regulating the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines SHI Jingbo, LI Changnian, MENG Yuxuan, XIE Guangdong, XU Jie, RONG Baohai 2024, 52 (12):  1244-1250.  doi: 10.11958/20241146 Abstract ( 221 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1724KB) ( 26 )   Objective To elucidate the efficacy and possible mechanism of Qingchang mixture in ameliorating postoperative abdominal adhesions in rats. Methods Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into five experimental groups: the control group, the sham-operated group, the model group, the Qingchang mixture treatment group and the sodium hyaluronate treatment group. Except the control group and the sham-operated group, the other three groups were treated with cecal abrasion method to establish the rat model of abdominal adhesion. In the sodium hyaluronate group, 2 mL sodium hyaluronate gel was meticulously applied to the injured abdominal wall and cecum prior to abdominal closure. Following successful establishment of adhesion model, the Qingchang mixture group received a daily oral gavage of 2 mL Qingchang mixture (14.58 g/kg), while the other four groups were given equal volume normal saline administration. In each group, five rats were euthanized on postoperative days 3, 7 and 14 to assess abdominal adhesions using Nair’s scoring system. Adhesive tissue or normal peritoneal tissue were harvested on postoperative day 7, and mRNA expression levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were quantified via fluorescence-based real-time PCR. Concurrently, Western blot analysis was employed to evaluate protein expression levels of IL-4, interleukin-10 (IL-10), STAT-6 and IFN-γ. Pathological alterations in adhesive tissue were visualized using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining under light microscopy, and inflammation and fibrotic changes were assessed accordingly. Results Compared with the blank and sham-operated groups, mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-4 and STAT-6 were significantly downregulated in the model group, protein expression level of IL-10 was also reduced. Conversely, the mRNA and protein expression levels of IFN-γ, as well as the inflammation and fibrosis scores were significantly elevated (P<0.05). In comparison to the model group, IL-4 and STAT-6 mRNA and protein expression levels were increased in the Qingchang mixture group and the hyaluronic acid group, along with an increase in IL-10 protein expression. Conversely, these groups exhibited a significant reduction in Nair’s scores, inflammation scores, fibrosis scores, and IFN-γ mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Qingchang mixture appears to suppress the development of postoperative peritoneal adhesions, likely through mechanism that involves modulating the expression of T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 cytokines, thereby attenuating inflammatory response. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of quercetin on periodontal tissue angiogenesis during orthodontic tooth movement in rats by regulating HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway ZHENG Yaru, HUANG Yibin, SU Xiaoping, ZHANG Yanjun 2024, 52 (12):  1251-1255.  doi: 10.11958/20240663 Abstract ( 230 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1446KB) ( 17 )   Objective To investigate the impacts of quercetin (QUE) on angiogenesis and hypoxia inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF-1α/VEGF) signaling pathway in periodontal tissue of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Methods A rat model of orthodontic tooth movement was constructed, and the modeled rats were randomly separated into the model group, the low-dose quercetin treatment (QUE-L) group, the high-dose quercetin treatment (QUE-H) group and the QUE-H+pathway inhibitor YC-1 (QUE-H+YC-1) group, with 12 rats in each group. Another 12 rats were regarded as the control group. The movement distance of the first molar of rats in each group was measured. HE staining was applied to observe the pathological changes of periodontal tissue and count the number of blood vessels generated in periodontal tissue. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in periodontal tissue. Western blot assay was applied to detect the expression of HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway related proteins. Results Compared with the control group, the periodontal tissue fibers were scattered and disordered in the model group, with an increased intercellular space, infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells and bone resorption pits, the movement distance of the first molar increased, the number of periodontal tissue blood vessels decreased, and the expression of BMP2, BMP4, HIF-1α and VEGF decreased (P<0.05). The fibrous arrangement of periodontal tissue was relatively tight in the QUE-L group and the QUE-H group compared to the model group, with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and reduced alveolar bone resorption. The movement distance of the first molar decreased, the number of periodontal tissue blood vessels increased, and the expression of BMP2, BMP4, HIF-1α and VEGF increased (P<0.05). Compared with the QUE-H group, the periodontal tissue fibers in the QUE-H+YC-1 group were scattered and disordered, with obvious intercellular gaps, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased bone resorption pits, the movement distance of the first molar increased, the number of blood vessels in periodontal tissue decreased, and the expression of BMP2, BMP4, HIF-1α and VEGF decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Quercetin can promote angiogenesis in periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement in rats, and its mechanism is related to the activation of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Research

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Clinical efficacy of carrellizumab combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer ZHANG Dingqian, GAO Kefeng, XIONG Luyao, BAI Xue, NIE Dengke 2024, 52 (12):  1256-1261.  doi: 10.11958/20240622 Abstract ( 199 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (885KB) ( 40 )   Objective To explore the clinical effect and safety of carrellizumab combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel on the treatment of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Methods Ninety-eight patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer were randomly divided into the study group and the reference group, with 49 cases in each group. The reference group was treated with albumin-bound paclitaxel, while the study group was treated with camrelizumab+albumin-bound paclitaxel. After treatment, the overall efficacy was evaluated, and the disease control rate was calculated. Serum tumor markers [high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen (SCCA)], PD-1 and PD-L1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the microvascular density (MVD) and the expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in esophageal carcinoma tissue. The percentages of CD3＋, CD4＋and CD8＋cells were detected by flow cytometry. Patients were followed up and adverse reactions and survival were recorded. Results The disease control rate was higher in the study group than that of the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in all indexes between the groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, HMGB1 level, SCCA level, MVD, serum PD-1 level and tumor tissue high expression rate of PD-1 were all decreased in the two groups, while serum PD-L1 level, PD-L1 high expression rate and percentages of CD3＋, CD4＋ and CD8＋cells were all increased (P<0.05). Except there was no significant difference in MVD between groups, the other indexes were significantly changed in the study group compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). The progression-free survival rate was higher in the study group than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Carrellizumab combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel in the treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer can help control lesion progression and inhibit angiogenesis, with good safety. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between EOS, D-D and NLR in peripheral blood and pulmonary ventilation in patients with AECOPD LIU Yan, XU Jing, MA Lei, CAO Guanya, ZHAO Fengde 2024, 52 (12):  1261-1265.  doi: 10.11958/20240704 Abstract ( 210 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (961KB) ( 17 )   Objective To investigate changes of peripheral blood eosinophils (EOS), D-dimer (D-D) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and their relationship with pulmonary ventilation function. Methods Sixty-five AECOPD patients (the observation group) and 65 COPD patients (the control group) were selected respectively and included in this study. Basic data were collected in the two groups of patients, and laboratory indexes were examined. EOS and D-D levels were determined, and NLR was calculated. The lung function indexes including the first second expiratory volume with exertion (FEV1), the first second expiratory volume with exertion as a percentage of expiratory lung capacity with exertion (FEV1/FVC), and blood gas indexes of arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen [p(O2)] and arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide [p(CO2)] were detected. Multifactorial Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of AECOPD. The nomogram model of AECOPD was established and verified by R4.2.3. Results Compared with the control group, levels of EOS, D-D and NLR were elevated, and FEV1 and FEV1/FVC levels were reduced in the observation group (P<0.05). Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated EOS, D-D and NLR, and reduced FEV1/FVC and FEV1 were independent risk factors for patients with AECOPD (P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of AECOPD nomogram model was 0.817 (95%CI: 0.784-0.904 ), and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed goodness of fit of the model (χ2=4.320, P>0.05). EOS, D-D and NLR were positively correlated with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (P<0.05). Conclusion The elevated levels of EOS, D-D and NLR are risk factors that affect pulmonary ventilation in AECOPD patients, which can be used as an important indicator to evaluate pulmonary ventilation function. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the effect of different vascular access routes on elderly patients with maintenance hemodialysis LI Chaoyuan, ZHAO Fuhao, CHEN Sha, LYU Ruiqian, WU Zixia 2024, 52 (12):  1266-1269.  doi: 10.11958/20241310 Abstract ( 226 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (832KB) ( 21 )   Objective To compare the effects of 2 vascular accesses via arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and tunnel-cuffed catheter (TCC) in elderly patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods A total of 103 elderly MHD patients were selected and divided into the AVF group (43 cases) and the TCC group (60 cases) according to different vascular pathways. Laboratory indexes of serum creatinine, uric acid, parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium, blood phosphorus, hemoglobin, triglyceride and total cholesterol were compared between the two groups on dialysis day after receiving regular hemodialysis treatment for 1 year. Blood flow and urea clearance in vascular pathway were also compared between the two groups. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), the left ventricular posterior end-diastolic thickness (LVPWT), the ventricular septal end-diastolic thickness (IVSTd), ejection fraction (EF), the maximum flow velocity ratio (E/A) of the left atrial ventricle at the early and late diastolic stages and pulmonary artery pressure were examined by echocardiography after regular hemodialysis treatment for 1 year. The occurrence rates of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction were recorded. Hemodialysis access associated infection, mechanical injury and heart failure during dialysis were also recorded. Results There were no significant differences in laboratory indexes between the two groups (P>0.05). LVEDd, IVSTd, LVPWT, incidence rates of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, blood flow through vascular channels, Kt/V and mechanical injury were higher in the AVF group than those in the TCC group, while the ratio of hemodialysis access associated infection, E/A and EF values were lower in the AVF group than those in the TCC group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in incidence rates of pulmonary arterial pressure and heart failure between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion For elderly MHD patients, the appropriate dialysis access should be determined after evaluating underlying diseases and vascular conditions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of serum levels of sFasL, SDF-1 and immunosuppressive efficacy in patients with aplastic anemia ZHANG Yulong, ZHANG Jing, LI Shujun, MA Long, ZU Jianbing, SUN Dandan 2024, 52 (12):  1270-1273.  doi: 10.11958/20240702 Abstract ( 193 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (843KB) ( 14 )   Objective To investigate serum levels of soluble apoptosis-related factor ligand (sFasL) and stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and their correlation with immunosuppressive treatment. Methods Forty-three AA patients who received immunosuppressive therapy for half a year were selected as the observation group, and another 43 healthy subjects at the same period were selected as the control group. Patients in the observation group received immunosuppressive therapy and hematopoietic propoietic therapy, and patients were divided into the ineffective group and the effective group according to the efficacy. Clinical data of patients were collected, and serum levels of sFasL, SDF-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between serum sFasL and SDF-1 levels was analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze influencing factors of immunosuppressive treatment in AA patients. The predictive values of serum sFasL and SDF-1 on immunosuppressive treatment were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Serum levels of sFasL and SDF-1 were higher in the observation group than those in the control group (P<0.05). Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-8, sFasL and SDF-1 were higher in the ineffective group than those in the effective group (P<0.05). Serum sFasL level was positively correlated with SDF-1 level in AA patients (r=0.534, P<0.001). Increased serum sFasL and SDF-1 levels were independent risk factors for ineffective immunosuppressive therapy in AA patients (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of serum sFasL and SDF-1 combined to predict the immunosuppressive treatment effect of AA patients was 0.973 (95%CI: 0.872-0.999), which was better than that of single diagnosis (P<0.05), and its sensitivity and specificity were 94.44% and 96.00%, respectively. Conclusion Serum levels of sFasL and SDF-1 are significantly increased in patients with AA. The combined detection of sFasL and SDF-1 has high predictive value for the immunosuppressive treatment effect of AA. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive value of preoperative blood inflammatory markers for recurrence risk of basal cell carcinoma SUN Ruixue, LIU Xiaoxiao, YUE Xinyi, YANG Dongmei, REN Luning, WANG Fei, DU Hongyang 2024, 52 (12):  1274-1277.  doi: 10.11958/20240867 Abstract ( 203 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (866KB) ( 29 )   Objective To investigate the predictive value of preoperative blood inflammatory markers for the recurrence risk in patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Methods A total of 225 patients with BCC were divided into the high-risk recurrence group (155 cases) and the low-risk recurrence group (70 cases). General information and preoperative hematological indicators were collected in the two groups of patients. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic inflammation marker (SIM) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the predictive value of hematological markers with statistically significant differences between the two groups for BCC recurrence and to establish optimal cutoff values. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing BCC recurrence. A multivariate Logistic regression model was established to predict the recurrence risk of BCC. Area under the curve (AUC) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the prediction efficiency and goodness-of-fit of the model. Results ROC analysis identified that optimal cutoff values for LMR and SIM were 5.12 and 0.86, respectively. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that LMR, SIM, ulceration at the primary tumor site, UV exposure and tumor maximum diameter were factors influencing BCC recurrence. Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that SIM ≥ 0.86, tumor maximum diameter ≥ 2.0 cm and UV exposure were risk factors for BCC recurrence, while LMR ≥ 5.12 had a protective effect. The Logistic prediction model for BCC recurrence risk was Logit (P) = -1.598 - 1.517 × LMR + 1.323 × SIM + 2.406 × UV exposure + 3.465 × tumor maximum diameter, with good model fit (P = 0.725) and an AUC of 0.869 (95% CI: 0.822-0.917) for predicting BCC recurrence risk. Conclusion Monitoring preoperative LMR and SIM levels can assist in assessing the risk of recurrence in BCC patients and provide important guidance for clinical decision-making. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive value of vitamin and folic acid levels in gestational diabetes mellitus complicated by preeclampsia CAO Junyang, MA Chunxing, LIU Zhina 2024, 52 (12):  1278-1282.  doi: 10.11958/20240818 Abstract ( 197 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (883KB) ( 80 )   Objective To investigate the correlation between vitamin A, E, D and folic acid levels and concomitant preeclampsia (PE) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A total of 108 patients with GDM complicated with PE were used as the PE group, and another 108 GDM patients without PE were used as the GDM group. A total of 108 normal pregnant women with normal pregnancy test were used as the normal control group. The general information and vitamin A, E, D and folic acid levels were compared between the three groups. According to the severity of the disease, the PE group was subdivided into the mild-moderate PE group (62 cases) and the severe PE group (46 cases), and vitamin A, E, D and folic acid levels were compared between these two groups. Results Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) were increased in turn in the normal control group, the GDM group and the PE groups (P< 0.05), and vitamins A, E, D and folic acid levels were decreased in turn (P< 0.05). Triglyceride, total cholesterol and glycated haemoglobin were higher in the PE group than those in the GDM group and the normal control, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was lower than that in the GDM group and the normal control group (P<0.05). Vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D and folic acid levels were lower in the severe PE group than those in the mild to moderate PE group (P<0.05). Higher levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D and folate were protective factors for GDM patients with severe PE. Folic acid showed higher predictive efficacy and specificity in single indicator analysis. Vitamin A showed high predictive specificity. The combined prediction of four indicators for severe PE in GDM patients was more effective than each individual indicator. Conclusion Serum vitamin A, E, D and folate levels are significantly lower in patients with GDM complicated with PE, and the combination of all four may improve the predictive value of severe PE complicated with GDM. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of changes in bacterial drug resistance and treatment of Salmonella typhimurium enteritis in children ZHOU Jiewen, MA Bingnan, OU Jingyi 2024, 52 (12):  1282-1285.  doi: 10.11958/20240805 Abstract ( 241 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (874KB) ( 16 )   Objective To summarize changes in antibiotic resistance of Salmonella typhimurium enteritis in children in our hospital and analyze its treatment. Methods A total of 186 children with Salmonella typhimurium enteritis in the pediatrics department of our hospital were selected. The drug resistance of common antibiotics against Salmonella typhimurium for children was analyzed, and the annual and pre-/post-treatment changes of multi-drug resistant bacteria were also analyzed. Based on the initial treatment of antibiotics and the first drug sensitivity test results, patients were divided into the initial sensitive group (121 cases) and the initial insensitive group (65 cases). The hospital stay and fecal culture negative conversion time were compared between the two groups of children. Results Among the Salmonella typhimurium isolated from 186 children, the resistance rate of Salmonella typhimurium to commonly used cephalosporin antibiotics in pediatrics demonstrated an overall upward tendency. Among them, the resistance rates of ceftriaxone (43.6%) and cefotaxime (35.5%) were relatively high. From 2017 to 2019, the proportion of multi-drug resistant bacteria presented a gradual upward trend, while from 2020 to 2023, the proportion declined. The incidence of multi-drug resistant bacteria exhibited an increasing trend after treatment (P<0.05). After 1 week of treatment, there were no significant differences in the above three types of drug resistance changes. The hospital stay and the time for fecal culture to turn negative were both shorter in the initial sensitive group than those in the initial insensitive group (P<0.05). Conclusion The problem of bacterial resistance in Salmonella typhimurium enteritis in children is severe. Initial empirical treatment with sensitive antibiotics and a reasonable course of anti-infective treatment can help reduce the bacterial drug resistance rate and shorten the hospital stay. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical significance of changes in GLI and peripheral blood indicators in SAP patients ZHOU Xiufen, LIU Hui, CHEN Hong, ZHAO Zongbo 2024, 52 (12):  1286-1291.  doi: 10.11958/20240531 Abstract ( 231 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (893KB) ( 17 )   Objective To explore the relationship between glycemic instability index (GLI), peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and the occurrence, condition and prognosis of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). Methods According to the occurrence of SAP within 7 d after onset, 550 patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into the study group (129 cases with SAP) and the control group (421 cases without SAP). GLI, peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+, NLR, RDW and NGAL levels were measured. The differences in the above indicators were compared between the study group and the control group, as well as SAP patients with different conditions and prognoses. The relationship between above indicators and the occurrence, condition and prognosis of SAP was discussed. The prognostic values of each indicator and combination of indicators were analyzed. Results GLI, NLR, RDW and NGAL levels were higher in the study group, the medium to high risk group and the poor prognosis group than those in the control group, the low-risk group and the good prognosis group. CD4+/CD8+ was lower than that in the corresponding group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher GLI and NLR were independent risk factors for acute cerebral infarction complicated with SAP, and higher GLI, NLR, RDW and NGAL were independent risk factors for the medium to high risk conditions in SAP patients, while higher levels of CD4+/CD8+ were protective factor for high-risk diseases in patients with concurrent SAP and SAP (P<0.05). Higher GLI, NLR and RDW were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with SAP (P<0.05). ROC curves indicated that the AUC of the combination of GLI, NLR and RDW for evaluating poor prognosis in patients with SAP was better than that of GLI or RDW. Conclusion Changes in GLI, CD4+/CD8+ and NLR are influencing factors for the occurrence of SAP. GLI, CD4+/CD8+, NLR, RDW and NGAL are influencing factors for the severity of SAP patients. GLI, NLR and RDW are associated with poor prognosis in SAP patients, and all three have certain predictive effective in predicting the prognosis of SAP patients, and NLR has the highest predictive efficacy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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QCT analysis of the effect of knee varus on bone mineral density of medial and lateral femoral tibial compartments in knee osteoarthritis DENG Wenwen, MENG Xianghong, SUN Zhenye, YANG Qilong, WANG Zhi 2024, 52 (12):  1291-1295.  doi: 10.11958/20241245 Abstract ( 206 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (952KB) ( 26 )   Objective To investigate the differences in subchondral bone mineral density (BMD) between the femoral and tibial sides in patients of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with normal lines of force and varus. Methods The data of 450 knee joints with a definite diagnosis of KOA were included in this study including weight-bearing full-length X-ray films and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans of both lower limbs. Among them, 131 were in the normal force line group and 319 were in the knee varus group. The hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle and BMD of the femoral medial condyle, femoral lateral condyle, tibial medial plateau and tibial lateral plateau were measured. BMD ratio of tibial medial plateau to tibial lateral plateau and the BMD ratio of femoral medial condyle to femoral lateral condyle were calculated. BMD in medial and lateral compartments of the femur and tibia were compared between the two groups, followed by subgroup analyses based on gender and age. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the BMD ratio of tibial medial plateau to tibial lateral plateau, the BMD ratio of femoral medial condyle to femoral lateral condyle and the degree of varus in the knee varus group. Results The BMD of the medial femoral condyles and medial tibial platforms were higher in the knee varus group than those in the normal force line group. The BMD of femoral lateral condyle and lateral tibial platform was lower in the knee varus group than that in the normal force line group. The BMD ratio of the medial to lateral tibial plateaus was greater than one in both groups, and the ratio of the knee varus group was greater. The BMD ratio of femoral medial to lateral condyle in the knee varus group was significantly higher than that in the normal force line group. For women, these findings were more pronounced and were independent of age. Correlation analysis showed that the BMD ratio of medial tibial plateau to lateral tibial plateau was negatively correlated with HKA angle (rs=-0.436, P < 0.01), and the BMD ratio of the medial femoral condyle to lateral femoral condyle was also negatively correlated with HKA angle (rs=-0.394, P < 0.01). Conclusion The BMD of medial femoral and tibial compartment is increased and the BMD of lateral compartment is decreased in the genu varus group compared with the normal force line group. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Observation of curative effect of Shenqu Xiaoshi oral liquid on rotavirus infectious diarrhea in children YAO Qian, WANG Jing, CHENG Na 2024, 52 (12):  1296-1300.  doi: 10.11958/20240945 Abstract ( 240 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (844KB) ( 278 )   Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of Shenqu Xiaoshi oral liquid combined with Xiyanping on children with rotavirus infected diarrhea and its impact on immune function. Methods A total of 200 children with rotavirus infected diarrhea were diveded into two groups according to treatment methods. The control group was treated with Xiyanping. The experimental group was treated with Shenqu Xiaoshi oral liquid combined with Xiyanping. The therapeutic effects and impacts on inflammatory factors and immune function were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of clinical efficacy was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and CD8+ were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (P<0.05), the serum levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The antidiarrheal time was earlier in the experimental group than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the negative rate of stool rotavirus was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of Shenqu Xiaoshi oral liquid and Xiyanping in the treatment of children with rotavirus infected diarrhea can quickly relieve symptoms of children, reduce inflammatory reactions and improve immune function. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive value of CALLY index for depression after ischemic stroke ZHANG Jingjing, ZHAO Wendong, ZHAO Yuan, ZHANG Qingxia, DU Jia, LIU Yanxia 2024, 52 (12):  1300-1304.  doi: 10.11958/20241063 Abstract ( 232 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (931KB) ( 1012 )   Objective To investigate the predictive value of CALLY index for ischemic post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods The clinical data of 179 patients with ischemic stroke were included, and the demographic information, medical history, stroke severity and laboratory indicators at admission were collected. After 6 months of follow-up, all patients were assessed for depressive symptoms using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17). Patients were divided into the PSD group (48 cases) and the non-PSD group (131 cases). Differences in clinical characteristics were compared between the PSD group and the non-PSD group. CALLY index was calculated from C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB) and lymphocyte counts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of CALLY index to PSD. Spearman correlation analysis was used for the correlation between CALLY index and neurological and cognitive function in PSD patients. K-M curve and Cox regression were used for analyzing the influence of CALLY index on PSD. Results The CALLY index of 179 patients ranged from 0.54 to 1.79, with a median of 1.08. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal critical value of CALLY index to predict PSD was 1.09, and the area under ROC curve was 0.757 (95%CI: 0.687-0.818). Compared with the non-PSD group, the proportion of females was higher in the PSD group, and the proportion of patients with hyperlipidemia was increased with shorter years of education. The serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was higher, and albumin (ALB) and CALLY index were lower (P<0.05). The K-M curve showed that the incidence of PSD was significantly higher in the low CALLY index group (CALLY≤1.08) than that in the higher CALLY index group (CALLY>1.08, 33.0% vs. 20.5%, Log rank χ2=8.553, P=0.004). Cox regression analysis showed that after adjusting for other covariates, the decreased CALLY index was an independent risk factor for PSD (HR=2.651, 95%CI: 1.269-5.540, P<0.05). Conclusion CALLY index has a certain predictive value for PSD in acute ischemic stroke patients, which is helpful for early identification and timely intervention to improve the prognosis of patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of influencing factors of pancreatitis after duodenoscopic common bile duct stone removal surgery WANG Wei, XIA Ming, ZHANG Ling, GUO Qinghong 2024, 52 (12):  1305-1308.  doi: 10.11958/20240978 Abstract ( 208 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (814KB) ( 10 )   Objective To explore the influencing factors of pancreatitis after duodenoscopic common bile duct stone removal surgery (DCBDSR). Methods A total of 387 patients with DCBDSR were included in this study. Patients were divided into the pancreatitis group (36 cases) and the non-pancreatitis group (351 cases). General data and laboratory indexes were compared between the two groups. The influencing factors of postoperative pancreatitis after DCBDSR were analyzed by regression analysis. Results Compared with the non-pancreatitis group, the pancreatitis group had a younger age, a higher proportion of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and pancreatic history, and a higher average number of intubations (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in gender, body mass index, drinking history, smoking history, diabetes, gallbladder size, number of stones, stone diameter, operation time, number of angiography, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transpeptidase (GTP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), direct bilirubin (DBIL) and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels between the two groups (P>0.05). Young age, combined hypertension, concomitant hyperlipidemia, history of pancreatic disease and frequent intubation were independent risk factors for postoperative pancreatitis after DCBDSR. Conclusion Young age, concomitant hypertension, concomitant hyperlipidemia, history of pancreatic disease and frequent intubation are risk factors for developing pancreatitis after DCBDSR. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between lipid correlation index and diabetic kidney disease GU Wei, ZHANG Huina, HOU Liping, YU Min, CHENG Lirong 2024, 52 (12):  1308-1312.  doi: 10.11958/20241059 Abstract ( 232 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (874KB) ( 18 )   Objective To investigate the correlation between lipid-related index and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by observing the expression levels of lipid-related index in different stages of DKD. Methods A total of 265 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into the T2DM group (n=106) and the DKD group (n=159). According to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level, the DKD group was sub-divided into the DKD-G2 group (n=59), the DKD-G3 group (n=59) and the DKD-G4 group (n=41). Data of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A (Apo A), Apo B and urinary albumin/urinary creatinine ratio (UACR) were collected. Gomerular filtration rate (eGFR), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated. The differences of TyG, VAI and AIP between different groups and their correlation with eGFR and UACR were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis of DKD renal injury factors was conducted. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the predictive efficiency of TyG, VAI, and AIP. Results The levels of TyG, VAI and AIP were significantly higher in the DKD group compared to the T2DM group, and these indices exhibited an increasing trend with disease progression (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between TyG, VAI, AIP and eGFR (r=-0.396, -0.425, -0.519, P<0.01), and a positive correlation between UACR and eGFR (r=0.482, 0.479 and 0.583, P<0.01) in DKD patients. Multiple linear regression results showed that VAI and AIP were independent risk factors for eGFR, and TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo B and VAI were influencing factors of UACR (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the areas under the curves for TyG, VAI and AIP were 0.902 (0.866-0.937), 0.969 (0.953-0.986) and 0.958 (0.937-0.979) respectively. Conclusion The levels of TyG, VAI and AIP are correlated with the progression of DKD, and have predictive value for the occurrence and development of DKD. These biomarkers can be used as a biological indicator to evaluate the occurrence and development of DKD. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between serum miR-193a-3p, ATF5 levels and chemotherapy efficacy in patients with triple negative breast cancer LU Xinyi, DU Weipo, LI Jinggang, GUO Fangfang, ZHANG Xiaolei, LIU Jing 2024, 52 (12):  1313-1316.  doi: 10.11958/20240854 Abstract ( 210 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (832KB) ( 16 )   Objective To explore the correlation between serum levels of miR-193a-3p, activated transcription factor 5 (ATF5), clinicopathological characteristics and chemotherapy efficacy in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods A total of 120 patients with TNBC admitted to our hospital were collected as the research group. In the same period, 120 cases with benign breast disease in our hospital were selected as the control group. Serum levels of miR-193a-3p and ATF5 were detected, and the relationship between them and clinicopathological characteristics were detected in two groups. According to the therapeutic effect, TNBC patients were divided into the treatment ineffective group (n=50) and the treatment effective group (n=70). The expression levels of miR-193a-3p and ATF5 were compared between the two groups, and factors affecting the chemotherapy efficacy of TNBC patients were analyzed. Results Compared with before chemotherapy, the serum miR-193a-3p level increased and ATF5 level decreased in TNBC patients after chemotherapy (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum miR-193a-3p level of TNBC patients decreased in the research group before chemotherapy, and ATF5 level increased (P<0.05). The expression level of miR-193a-3p was lower and the expression level of ATF5 was higher in patients with tumor diameter≥3 cm, lymph node metastasis, low histological grade, clinical stage Ⅲ and Ki-67>30% (P<0.05). In TNBC patients, compared with the treatment effective group, patients in the treatment ineffective group showed a decreased serum miR-193a-3p level and an increased ATF5 level (P<0.05). Lower level of miR-193a-3p, higher level of ATF5, lymph node metastasis, tumor diameter ≥ 3 cm, low histological grade, and TNM stage Ⅲ were risk factors affecting the efficacy of chemotherapy in TNBC patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Low level of miR-193a-3p and high level of ATF5 in the serum of TNBC patients are risk factors for chemotherapy efficacy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between SII, RAR and severity of disease and respiratory failure in patients with AECOPD TU Changming, TIAN Yuan, WANG Pengcheng, REN Peng, ZHAO Yinsheng 2024, 52 (12):  1317-1321.  doi: 10.11958/20241172 Abstract ( 205 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (886KB) ( 15 )   Objective To investigate the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), albumin (ALB) ratio (RAR) and severity of disease and respiratory failure in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods A total of 110 patients with AECOPD were divided into the severe group (n=37) and the non-severe group (n=73). They were also divided into the respiratory failure group (n=26) and the non-respiratory failure group (n=84) according to whether they had respiratory failure. Platelet count (PLT), neutrophil count (NEU), lymphocyte count (LYM), RDW, ALB, SII and RAR were compared between different groups. Multiple Logistic regression method was used to analyze influencing factors of severe and concurrent respiratory failure. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the predictive value of indicators for severe condition and respiratory failure. Results Compared with the non-severe group, there were increased NEU, SII, RDW and RAR, and decreased PLT and LYM in the severe group (P<0.05). Compared with the non-respiratory failure group, there were increased NEU, SII, RDW and RAR, and decreased LYM and ALB in the respiratory failure group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increased SII and RAR were independent risk factors for severe condition or respiratory failure in patients with AECOPD. ROC curves indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) of SII combined with RAR for predicting severe condition and respiratory failure in patients with AECOPD were 0.882 (0.806-0.935) and 0.908 (0.837-0.954), both of which were higher than those of SII or RAR alone (P<0.05). Conclusion Combination of SII and RAR can effectively help to evaluate the condition and the occurrence of respiratory failure in patients with AECOPD. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the correlation between serum CTHRC1 and CX3CL1 levels and prognosis in patients with oral implant restorations LU Jun, LI Yu, HUANG Xiaoyan 2024, 52 (12):  1321-1325.  doi: 10.11958/20240714 Abstract ( 228 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (853KB) ( 35 )   Objective To investigate seserum levels of collagen triple helix repeat containing protein-1 (CTHRC1) and C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) and their correlation with prognosis in patients undergoing oral implant restorations. Methods A total of 247 patients underwent oral implant restorations were selected as the implant restoration group, and 247 healthy subjects who underwent medical checkups during the same period were selected as the control group. Serum CTHRC1 and CX3CL1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 1 week preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively and 1 month postoperatively in the 2 groups. According to the X-ray examination results of the patients at 6 month after surgery, patients were separated into the poor prognosis group (28 cases) and the good prognosis group (219 cases). C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), CTHRC1 and CX3CL1 levels were compared in patients at 1 month postoperatively. Multifactor COX regression was applied to analyze factors influencing poor prognosis of implants. Results Compared with the control group, there were no significant changes in serum CTHRC1 and CX3CL1 levels in the implant restoration group at 1 week preoperatively (P>0.05), and serum CTHRC1 and CX3CL1 levels were elevated at 1 week postoperatively and at 1 month postoperatively (P<0.05). The serum levels of CTHRC1 and CX3CL1 showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing one week before surgery, one week after surgery and one month after surgery in the implant repair group. One week after surgery reached the highest (426.85±73.52) μg/L and (142.41±15.26 ) ng/L, respectively. There was a positive correlation between CTHRC1 and CX3CL1 in patients with oral implant restoration (r=0.436, P<0.001). The inflammatory factors CRP, IL-6, CTHRC1 and CX3CL1 were obviously higher in the poor prognosis group than those in the good prognosis group (P<0.05). Multifactor COX regression analysis showed that both CTHRC1 and CX3CL1 were independent influencing factors for poor implant prognosis in patients underwent oral implant restorations (P<0.05). Conclusion Serum CTHRC1 and CX3CL1 levels are upregulated in patients with poor prognosis for oral implant restorations, and both are independent influencing factors on patient prognosis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Drug Clinical Evaluations

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Effects of Tianma Gouteng Yin combined with butylphthalide on symptom improvement and vascular elasticity in patients with acute cerebral infarction LIU Pengcheng, FANG Wujie, WANG Xiaotao, DENG Dianfeng 2024, 52 (12):  1326-1330.  doi: 10.11958/20241191 Abstract ( 219 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (840KB) ( 259 )   Objective To explore the effect of Tianma Gouteng Yin combined with butylphthalein (NBP) on symptom improvement and vascular elasticity in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods Eighty-two ACI patients admitted to Lu'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were included in this study, and they were randomly separated into the single group and the combination group, with 41 cases in each group. The single group was given intravenous infusion of NBP sodium chloride injection, and the combination group was given treatment with Tianma Gouteng Yin on the basis of the single group. Cerebrovascular reserve function, endothelial function, neurological function, independent living ability, hemodynamic indicators, vascular elasticity, clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups of patients at 1 day after admission (T0) and 14 days after treatment (T1). Results There were no significant differences in cerebrovascular reserve function, endothelial function, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, independent living ability scores, hemodynamic indicators and vascular elasticity indicators at T0 between the two groups (P>0.05). At T1, levels of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), large artery elasticity index (C1) and small artery elasticity index (C2) were significantly increased in both groups, and levels were higher in the combined group than those of the single group (P<0.05). At T1 moment, levels of ET-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), NIHSS score, MRS score, red blood cell count, whole blood viscosity, platelet adhesion rate and arterial pressure were reduced in both groups, and levels were lower in the combined group than those of the single group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was higher in the combination group (80.5%) than that of the single group (46.3%). The overall incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the combined group than that in the single group (P<0.05). Conclusion Tianma Gouteng Yin combined with NBP can effectively improve the cerebral vascular reserve function, endothelial function and neurological damage in ACI patients, increase vascular elasticity and improve hemodynamic levels. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of octreotide on fecal characteristics and humoral immunity in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis ZHANG Jie, MIAO Naiying, LI Huan, LIU Xinjian 2024, 52 (12):  1331-1334.  doi: 10.11958/20240801 Abstract ( 196 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (833KB) ( 20 )   Objective To observe the effects of octreotide on fecal characteristics and humoral immunity in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 60 newly born NEC patients at Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital from March 2022 to September 2023. The patients were separated into the observation group (30 cases) and the routine group (30 cases) based on treatment methods. The conventional group was treated with total parenteral nutrition and gastrointestinal decompression plus piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium for 7 days. The observation group was treated with octreotide in addition to the routine group for 5 days. The treatment efficacy, general clinical data, degree of intestinal microbiota disorder, expression levels of intestinal microbiota markers and immune indicators were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the routine group (P<0.05). After treatment, body weight of the observation group was higher than that of the routine group. The hospitalization time, vomiting relief time, abdominal distension relief time, diarrhea relief time and complete recovery time of fecal characteristics were lower in the observation group than those in the routine group. Compared with before treatment, the degree of intestinal microbiota disorder and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) were reduced in both groups after treatment, and expression levels of human β defensin 2 (HBD2), autoinducer-2 (AI-2) and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG and IgM were increased (P<0.05). After treatment, HMGB1 was lower in the observation group than that in the routine group, while HBD2, AI-2 and serum IgA, IgG and IgM were higher than those in the routine group (P<0.05). Conclusion Octreotide can effectively treat children with NEC, improve stool characteristics, and enhance immunity. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the treatment of liver transplantation for unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases SUN Yanyan, ZHANG Li, CHEN Chiyi, JIANG Wentao 2024, 52 (12):  1335-1340.  doi: 10.11958/20240807 Abstract ( 183 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (871KB) ( 25 )   Metastasis of colorectal cancer is the primary cause of progression and mortality. Although surgical resection is the preferred method for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, liver transplantation, as a treatment approach, has attracted widespread attention for patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases. Recently, an increasing number of clinical trials have focused on the indications for liver transplantation in the treatment of unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases. Therefore, we systematically summarize the progress of liver transplantation in the application of unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastasis from the aspects of indications, contraindications and advantages over traditional treatment methods. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on changes in EEG time-frequency signals in patients with chronic pain DING Ning, LI Yajie, LIU Minqi, LI Qi, XING Zheng, CHU Xiaolei, XU Weiguo 2024, 52 (12):  1340-1344.  doi: 10.11958/20241120 Abstract ( 208 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (842KB) ( 222 )   Chronic pain is a subjective experience that is difficult to accurately and objectively assess. Electroencephalography (EEG) can record physiological electrical signals generated during brain activity, and time signals reflect brain activity during task processing. The frequency signals reflect quiet brain activity. This paper reviews changes of event-related potential in EEG time signal, changes of different frequency bands in frequency signal and changes of event-related synchronization or desynchronization between the two signals in patients with chronic pain. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics