Abstract: Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of using Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxia after hip or knee arthroplasty. Methods　Studies were identified by computer from MEDLINE(1966 to March 2010), Pubmed(1966 to March 2010), EMBASE(1966 to March 2010), the Cochrance Central Register of Controlled Trials(Central, 2010, Issue 3), CMB(1978 to March 2010), VIP(1980 to March 2010), CNKI(1989 to March 2010), relevant journals or conference proceedings were also searched manually. The authors only enrolled high quality (A grade) randomized controlled trails (RCTs). Odds ratio (OR) of total venous thromboembolism, vital venous thromboembolism, bleeding episodes and coronary episodes rate in Rivaroxaban-treated group versus Enoxaparin group were calculated across studies. Results　Four RCTs met the criteria for meta-analysis. The use of Rivaroxaban significantly reduced the rate of total venous thromboembolism (OR=0.38, 95%CI[0.23,0.61], P<0.001) and vital venous thromboembolism (OR=0.25, 95%CI[0.11,0.56], P<0.001), without risking the risk of bleeding episodes and coronary episodes compared with Enoxaparin group. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicates that the use of Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxia after hip or knee arthroplasty is effective and safe.

Key words: Rivaroxaban, Arthroplasty, replacement, knee, hip, Meta-analysis, Venous thromboembolism