Abstract: Objective： To observe the effect and safety of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rhBNP) in treating patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated acute left heart failure.Method:. Based on different treatment models, fifty-two patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with acute left heart failure were divided into two groups, one is the recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rhBNP) group for 30 cases(treatment group )and the other is nitroglycerin group for 24 cases (control group)． All of these patients’ vital signs,clinic status and laboratory data （BP、UV 、HR、BNP 、kidney function and the day of in hospital） were observed at the day before and after treatment. Results:Compared with the control group，the treatment group showed a more improve of HR 、UV and BNP after treatment, the differences were statistical significance(P<0.001). The level of BP , kidney function before and after treatment had no statistical difference(P>0.001).Compared with the control group, the treatment group showed a more improve of clinical effect. Conclusions：The rhBNP can improve heart function of dilatation and contraction and clinical condition with acute myocardial infarction complicated with acute left heart failure obviously，and has reliable and safely effect．The rhBNP is superior to nitroglycerin in treating patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with acute left heart failure.

Key words: recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide, nitroglycerin, acute myocardial infarction, acute left heart failure