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15 September 2015, Volume 43 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Screening and identification of a novel small-molecule TNFβ inhibitor SUN Yawei, GONG Haiyan, CAO Shannan, LIU Peng, ZHU Haiyan, GENG Guangfeng, XU Yuanfu 2015, 43 (9):  961-964.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.001 Abstract ( 998 )   PDF (970KB) ( 4175 )   Abstract: Objective To explore a novel and highly specific small-molecule TNFβ inhibitor by the use of computer-aided virtual screening and cell-based assays in vitro. Methods Computer-aided drug design and virtual screening were used to design and identify chemical compounds that target TNFβ based on the crystal structure of the TNFβ-TNFR1 complex. The effect of the small-molecule compound against TNFβ-induced cytotoxicity of L929 cell was detected by MTT assay, and the efficacy of the compound to inhibit TNFβ-induced apoptosis of L929 cell was determined by flow cytometry assay. The impact of the compound on L929 cell cycle was examined by Propidium Iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry, and the influence of the compound on TNFβ-triggered signal pathway was analyzed by Western Blot and Ultra VIEW VOX 3D Live Cell Imaging System. Results 965 compounds were identified to closely mimic the spatial structure of the docking template, and 105 compounds among them were selected as leading compounds based on their binding energy, structural diversity and potential for future drug development. In further study, those compounds were examined their ability to inhibit TNFβ-induced cytotoxicity in L929 cell line with three different doses. Currently available results suggested that No.35 compound (named as C35 thereafter) could effectively inhibit TNFβ-induced cell death in a dose dependent way, and the Half-maximum Inhibition Concentration (IC50) was 8.19μM. Furthermore, C35 had lower cytotoxicity and minimal effect on L929 proliferation. Here we further reveal that C35 could affect TNFβ-induced apoptotic pathway by blocking the activation of Caspase 3, and markedly reduced L929 cell apoptosis induced by TNFβ. Conclusion A novel TNFβ small-molecule inhibitor was identified by combining computer-aided virtual screening with functional assays, and it could block TNFβ-triggered apoptotic pathway and efficiently inhibit the cell death induced by TNFβ. Related Articles | Metrics

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The inhibitory effects and mechanisms of oridonin on invasion of human lung cancer A549 and PC9 cells WANG Jian，ZHOU Wen,SONG Xiuyu，XU Wengui，HUANG Chun 2015, 43 (9):  965-969.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.002 Abstract ( 743 )   PDF (836KB) ( 3911 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of a nature product derivate oridonin on in⁃ vasion of human lung cancer. Methods Human lung cancer A549 and PC-9 cell lines were treated with oridonin. MTS as⁃ say was used to determine cell proliferation. Transwell assay was used to determine the cell invasion, and adhesion assay to determine the cell adhesion. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle. Western blotting and realtime-PCR were used to detect expression levels of CDK1, mTOR, p53, p21, E-cadherin, CD44, β-catenin, uPA, MMP-2/9, p-AKT and p-Src. The luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the NF-κB promoter activity. Results In vitro proliferation, invasion and adhesion of A549 and PC-9 cells were significantly inhibited by oridonin. The cell cycle was halted by G2/M phase, and ex⁃ pressions of E-cadherin, p53 and p21 were promoted, while expressions of CDK1, mTOR, CD44, β-catenin, uPA, MMP-2/ 9, p-AKT and p-Src and promoter activity of NF-κB were down-regulated. Conclusion Oridonin is able to inhibit the in vitro invasion of human lung cancer A549 and PC-9 cell lines, which might be correlated with its abilities to regulate the ty⁃ rosine kinase activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and clinical significance of MCL-1 and FBW7 proteins in breast cancer polyploid induced by spindle poisons ZHANGQian,YUANBibo,WANGYan,XUYi 2015, 43 (9):  970-974.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.003 Abstract ( 794 )   PDF (467KB) ( 4171 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) and F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBW7) in breast cancer polyploid induced by spindle poisons. Methods (1) Nocodazole spindle poison was used to treat breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231. The morphological changes of cells were ob⁃ served under microscope, and cells were harvested in 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The cell cycle and DNA-ploidy changes were examined by flow cytometry. The expressions of FBW7 and MCL-1 proteins were detected by Western blot assay. (2) A multikinase inhibitor (Sorafenib) with Nocodazole or Taxol was used to treat MDA-MB-231 cells. MCL-1 protein expression was detected by Western blot assay after 48 h treatment. The cell cycle and DNA-ploidy changes were examined by flow cy⁃ tometry after 48 h treatment. MTT method was used to observe cell proliferation after 48 and 72 h treatment. Results (1)Af⁃ ter treatment by Nocodazole, polyploid characteristics of large cell size and nucleus were appeared. The percentages of octa⁃ ploid were (0.8±0.2)%, (8.5±2.3)%, (7.8±2.0)%, (9.9±0.9)%, (28.2±0.8)% and (35.1±4.9)% after 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h treatment, showing the increasing trend in turn (P < 0.001). The number of polyploidy (tetraploid and octaploid) cells was as high as (97.6±0.7)% after 48 h treatment. The expression level of FBW7 protein was decreased significantly but the expres⁃ sion of MCL-1 protein was increased significantly after 48 h treatment. (2) After 48 h treatment, the expression level of MCL- 1 protein, polyploidy percentage and cell proliferation decreased significantly in Nocodazole+Sorafenib group and Taxol+Sorafenib group compared with those of Nocodazole group and Taxol group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The lower expression of FBW7 protein and over- expression of MCL- 1 protein are correlated with the formation of breast cancer polyploidy. Sorafenib can reduce polyploid tumor cells by inhibiting MCL-1 protein expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects and mechanism of artesunate inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of UM-SCC-10A cells 2015, 43 (9):  974-977.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.004 Abstract ( 762 )   PDF (650KB) ( 3841 )   Abstract： Objective To study the influence of artesunate (Akt) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and to explore its molecular mechanism thereof. Methods The HNSCC cell line,UM-SCC-10A cells, was cultured in vitro. The Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) was examined by MTT assay. The cell mor⁃ phological changes were observed under inverted light micro-scope after being interfered by 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μmol/L Akt. Cell cycle changes and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. And the expression of cell cycle regulators and apop⁃ totic associated protein were detected by Western blot assay. Results MTT assay demonstrated that Akt significantly inhib⁃ ited the proliferation of UM-SCC-10A cells in dose-dependent manner. After UM-SCC-10A cells were treated with Akt for 48 h, IC50 was 15.01 μmol/L. Morphological changes of cell apoptosis such as karyopyknosis and conglomeration were ob⁃ served by Hoechst 33258 staining. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis was associated with cell cycle arrest during the G1 phase. Western blot analysis showed that p53 and p21 protein was up-regulated and Cyclin D protein was down-regulat⁃ ed. Furthermore, results revealed that Bcl-2 associated X protein induced by a mitochondrial pathway, cytochrome C and caspase-3 were up-regulated, and Bcl-2 and procaspase-3 were down-regulated. The mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced. Conclusion Artesunate can induce apoptosis of UM-SCC-10A cells via a mitochondrial pathway, which was associated with cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. As a result, artesunate has an obvious inhibitory effects on proliferation of UM-SCC-10A cells Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of tobacco extract on proliferation of human airway smooth muscle cells GUAN Pin1,2,YU Huapeng1△, WU Zhiyong2, LI Wei2， WU Jie3 2015, 43 (9):  978-981.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.005 Abstract ( 758 )   PDF (345KB) ( 3885 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the proliferation of air⁃ way smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (CEBPα) and calreticulin. Meth⁃ ods (1) The ASMCs were stimulated with different concentrations of CSE for twenty-four hours. According to the concentra⁃ tions of CSE， the cells were divided into control group, 2.5% CSE group, 5% CSE group and 10%CSE group. The prolifera⁃ tion of ASMCs was measured by MTT colrimetric method. The CEBPαmRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR. Western bloting as⁃ say was performed to detect the levels of CRT and CEBPα protein. (2) In 10%CSE group, transfection of the siRNA respec⁃ tively for negative control or calreticulin was performed in accordance with instructions. The cell proliferation and the expres⁃ sion of calreticulin and CEBPα were compared in negative control siRNA group and calreticulin siRNA group. Results (1) With the increasing of the concentrations of CSE, the protein expression of CEBPα decreased gradually (P＜0.05), while the proliferation of ASMCs and the protein expression of calreticulin increased (P＜0.05), but the expression of CEBPα mRNA in ASMCs showed no significant difference in groups with different concentrations of CSE (P＞0.05). (2) Under the 10%CSE, the expression of CEBPα was significantly higher in CRT siRNA group than that in negative control group (P＜0.05)， but the cell proliferation and CRT were significantly lower in the calreticulin siRNA group than those in negative control siRNA group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The CSE exposure contributes to the expression of calreticulin protein， and then inhibits the translation of CEBPα mRNA， thus promotes the proliferation of ASMCs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of combination of ulinastatin and magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate on expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF in lung tissue of rats with pulmonary fibrosis LIUWeiwei,NIEWei,YUANLing,ZHENGHong,CUIXiaoxue,SHENHongsheng,LIUDawei 2015, 43 (9):  985-988.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.007 Abstract ( 740 )   PDF (2919KB) ( 3874 )   Objective To investigate the effects of ulinastatin (UTI) combined with magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in lung tis⁃ sue of rats with pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM). Methods Ninety Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: BLM group, methylprednisolone (MTH) group, UTI group, MgIG group and UTI combined with MgIG (UTI + MgIG) group, n=18 for each group. The rat model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by injecting bleomycin through tra⁃ chea in five groups. Twenty-four hours after treatment with BLM， rats were treated with normal saline every day in BLM group, and rats were treated by corresponding drugs in other groups. Six rats of each group were killed at the 7th,14th and 28th day respectively. The pathological changes of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated by HE staining, and ex⁃ pression levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results (1) Com⁃ pared with BLM group, the degree of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis was reduced in other groups. There was significant dif⁃ ference in alveolitis at the 7th and 14th day between UTI + MgIG group and BLM group. And there was significant difference in pulmonary fibrosis at the 14th and 28th day between UTI + MgIG group and BLM group (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with BLM group, the expression levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF were decreased in other groups. In UTI + MgIG group, the expres⁃ sion levels of TGF-β1 were significantly lower at the 7th and 14th day compared with those in UTI group and MgIG group, and which were significantly lower at the 28th day than those in MTH group, UTI group and MgIG group (P < 0.05). The ex⁃ pression levels of CTGF were significantly lower at the 7th day in UTI + MgIG group than those in UTI group and MgIG group, and which were significantly lower at the 14th and 28th day than those in MTH group, UTI group and MgIG group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The combination of UTI and MgIG can alleviate alveolitis and fibrosis in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats, which might related with the down-regulation of TGF-β1 and CTGF expressions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary mechanism of edaravone against cell apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats 2015, 43 (9):  988-991.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.008 Abstract ( 933 )   PDF (1296KB) ( 3856 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of edaravone (EDA) on cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticu⁃ lum stress (ESR) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods Thirty-six healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided in⁃ to three groups (12 rats for each group): Sham group, SCI group and EDA group. The rat model of SCI was made by Allen’ s method and the sham group was only received laminectomy and kept the spinal cord intact. Rats in sham group and SCI group accepted the same volume and frequency of saline injection as EDA group. The EDA group was given 10 mg/kg EDA once every 12 h intraperitoneally. Three days after injuring, the spinal cords were harvested, and the protein levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were detected by Western blot assay. Immunofluo⁃ rescence staining was used to analyze the positive ratio of caspase-12 and CHOP in spinal cord of three groups. Meanwhile, TUNEL staining was used to identify cell apoptosis of spinal cord. Results Compared with sham group, the protein levels of CHOP, Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were obviously higher in SCI group (P < 0.01); the proportion of Cas⁃ pase-12 and CHOP positive cells was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the apoptotic rates were also significantly in⁃ creased in spinal cord (P < 0.01). However, compared with SCI group, the protein levels of CHOP , Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were significantly decreased in EDA group (P < 0.01); the proportion of Caspase-12 and CHOP positive cells was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and the apoptotic rates were also significantly decreased in spinal cord (P < 0.01). Conclusion EDA has neuroprotective potential to spinal cord injury. The mechanism of its neuroprotective effect may asso⁃ ciate with its inhibitory effect to the cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress after SCI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of PDTC on ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure in hypertensive rats MU Xinyu，ZHANG Huan 2015, 43 (9):  992-995.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.009 Abstract ( 791 )   PDF (349KB) ( 4177 )   Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effects of NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocar-bamate (PDTC) on NF-kappa B activity and the serum inflammatory mediators in hypertensive-ventricular hypertrophy-congestive heart fail⁃ ure rats. Methods The rat model of hypertension- cardiac hypertrophy-heart failure was made from 42 male Dahl salt sen⁃ sitive rats. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups including group A (normal diet group), group B (high salt diet group), group C (NF-κB inhibition in early stage), group D (NF-κB inhibition in hypertensive stage), group E (NF-κB inhibi⁃ tion in cardiac hypertrophy stage of week 12) and group G (NF-κB inhibition in heart failure stage). There were six rats for each group. Rats were administrated 8% high salt diet and injected PDTC 100 mg/ （kg·d）intraperitoneally according to the prescribed time. Changes of blood pressure, left ventricular end diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVSD), left ven⁃ tricular end diastolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWD), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), systolic left ventric⁃ ular end diastolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), heart, lung weight / body weight ratio, NF- kappa B activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were observed in different treatment time points of PDCT. Results Levels of NF-κB and proinflammatory cy⁃ tokines were reduced after early administration of PDTC, and the cardiac function was also decreased. The longer the treat⁃ ment time, the greater the protective effect on heart. PDTC can effectively control blood pressure, and block left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular failure in a certain extent. The effects of PDTC were limited after persistent hypertension, and myocardial hypertrophy formation accompanied by heart failure. Conclusion PDTC plays a role in prevention and treatment of hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure in model rats. Early application of PDTC could obviously maintain the normal cardiac function in rats with heart disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and clinical significance of four miRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer LIUJiayu,ZHAOYanrui,ZHANGLina,YANYe,ZHENGHong 2015, 43 (9):  996-1000.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.0010 Abstract ( 720 )   PDF (496KB) ( 4573 )   Objective To determine the expressions of miR- 200a, miR-141, miR-205 and miR-34a in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) samples and to explore their clinical significance. Methods According to FIGO staging, 44 EOC pa⁃ tients were divided into two groups: early FIGO stage (stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, n=15) and late FIGO stage (stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, n=29). Expres⁃ sions of 4 miRNAs were detected by real time quantitative PCR, and were compared between two groups. The correlation of 4 miRNAs was calculated. EOC patients were divided into high miRNA expression group and low expression group according to the median value of miRNAs expression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multivariate analysis were used to com⁃ pare the age, FIGO state, tumor residual after operation and post-operative chemotherapy of ovarian cancer between two groups. Results The expression of miR-141 was elevated in stages Ⅲand Ⅳ compared with that of stagesⅠand Ⅱ(P = 0.036). There was a positive correlation between expression of miR-141, miR-200a and miR-205, but a negative correlation with miR-34a (P< 0.05). There was a positive correlation between miR-200a and miR-205 (P < 0.05). Lower miR-200a ex⁃ pression was associated with shorter progress free survival in ovarian cancer analyzed by log-rank test (P = 0.035). The sur⁃ vival rate was significantly higher in FIGO stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ than that of FIGO stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-200a, FIGO stage and age were influential factors of overall survival time and progress-free sur⁃ vival time of ovarian cancer, while miR-141, miR-205, miR-34a and tumor residual after operation and post-operative che⁃ motherapy were not influential factors. Conclusion The expression of miR-200a is closely correlated with the progress and prognosis of ovarian cancer and may be used as an independent indicator for ovarian cancer prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of types of gingival flap suture on postoperative quality of life after removal of impacted mandibular wisdom teeth QIAO Feng, SUI Lei, ZHANG Jian 2015, 43 (9):  1000-1002.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.011 Abstract ( 1046 )   PDF (287KB) ( 4293 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate effects of different types of gingival flap suture on the quality of life in patients after removal of mandibular third molar. Methods A randomized, controlled clinical trial design was adopted. Sixty-two patients in oral surgery department, Stomatology Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were selected. Patients were required removal of bilateral symmetry impacted mandibular third molars, and enclosed suture (primary suture) was used in one side, open drainage suture (secondary suture) was used in the other side. The postoperative symptom severity scale (PoSSe scale) was used to evaluate the quality of life in patients after removal of mandibular third molar. The evaluation was completed 7 days after surgery, and the scale was compared between two groups. Results A total of 57 cases of clinical data were enrolled in the final analysis. The operative time for primary suture group was (17.7±4.6) min, and the operative time for secondary su⁃ ture group was (16.3 ± 5.1) min, the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.539, P＞0.05). The PoSSe score was sig⁃ nificantly higher in primary suture group (26.348±12.414) than that of secondary suture group (21.633±11.382, P＜0.05). Conclusion Secondary suture reduces the influence of teeth removal on quality of life in patients through relieving pain and swelling, and which is suitable for clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite element analysis of the effect of unilateral extralevator abdominal-perineal excision on the pelvic floor Jie-Fu WANG Jian-Zhong Liu 2015, 43 (9):  1003-1005.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.012 Abstract ( 640 )   PDF (273KB) ( 3896 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effects of unilateral extralevator abdominal-perineal excision (ELAPE) surgery and the ELAPE surgery on the pelvic floor detected by finite element analysis. Methods Three kinds of finite element mod⁃ el were developed: the intact model, ELAPE model and the unilateral ELAPE model. The maximal stress and stress distribu⁃ tions of each model under the same pressure were analyzed and compared. Results In the unilateral ELAPE model, non-le⁃ vator ani tissue’ s maximal stress on the levator ani reserved side was lower than that in ELAPE model, and was similar to that in the intact model. Its maximal stress on the excised side was lower than that in ELAPE model, and which was higher than that of intact model. Its maximal stress on the reserved side was lower than that of on the excised side. Conclusion Compared to the ELAPE surgery, the unilateral ELAPE surgery is able to reduce the stress of non-levator ani tissue on both sides, especially on the levator ani reserved side. Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on pathogenesis in patients with uterine leiomyoma complicated by amyloidosis GUOLixiang,WANGLiang,LUOYuee,LIXiaoliang,LIUXiaochun,HUANGShan,SUNXuguo 2015, 43 (9):  1006-1008.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.013 Abstract ( 752 )   PDF (715KB) ( 3960 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the pathogenesis in patients with uterine leiomyoma complicated by amyloidosis. Methods A total of 36 uterine leiomyoma patients were recruited in this study, and divided into two group by Congo red staining: amyloidosis group (n=6) and non-amyloidosis group (n=30). (1) Amyloidosis deposition was observed in amyloidosis group. (2) HE staining was used to compare changes of inflammatory cells in two groups. (3)PAS staining was used to observe polysaccharide difference in two groups. (4)Values of serum hemoglobin (HGB), white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocyte absolute value (LYM), neutrophil absolute value (NEU), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb) and prealbumin (PA) were com⁃ pared between two groups. Results (1)Leiomyoma entity cells were negatively Congo red stained, while 5 out of 6 pseudo- capsule fiber deposition and 2 out of 6 blood vessel were positively Congo red stained. (2)Infiltrations of inflammatory cells were observed in two groups. (3) The PAS positive staining was found in amyloidosis deposition and non-amyloidosis deposi⁃ tion groups. (4)There were no significant differences in HGB, WBC, NEU, LYM, TP, Alb and PA levels between two groups (P >0.05). Conclusion Metabolism changes resulted from cell function alterations in local micro-environment by uterine leiomyoma may be related to the formation of the amyloidosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between blood pressure variability and neurological deterioration during the acute phase in hypertensive minor ischemic stroke patients 2015, 43 (9):  1008-1011.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.014 Abstract ( 738 )   PDF (314KB) ( 4818 )   To investigate the relationship between blood pressure variability (BPV) and neurological deteri⁃ oration (ND) during the acute phase in patients with hypertensive minor ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 200 hyperten⁃ sive patients with acute minor ischemic stroke were recruited in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: stable group (n=182) and deterioration group (n=18) according to the neurological prognosis. Values of BPV in 24 h ambulatoryblood pressure, 24 h systolic blood pressure variation coefficient (24 h CVSBP), 24 h diastolic blood pressure variation coeffi⁃ cient (24 h CVDBP), day time systolic blood pressure variation coefficient (dCVSBP), day time diastolic blood pressure variation coefficient (dCVDBP), night time systolic blood pressure variability (nCVSBP) and night time diastolic blood pressure variability (nCVDBP) were compared between two groups. The related factors of BPV were analyzed by binary logistic method in the acute phase of patients with hypertensive minor ischemic stroke. Results There were significantly higher levels of 24 h CVSBP [17.75% (17.54% ,19.26% ) vs 12.78% (10.67% ,14.39% )], 24 h CVDBP [25.48% (20.77% ,27.87% ) vs 17.95% (14.88% , 21.46%)], dCVSBP [18.61%(17.65%,20.65%) vs 12.30%(10.10%,14.75%)], dCVDBP [25.65%(21.25%,29.78%) vs 17.76% (14.89%,22.19%)] in deterioration group than those of stable group (P＜0.01). Results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that values of 24 h CVSBP and dCVSBP were risk factors for neurological deterioration in the acute phase of patients with hypertensive minor ischemic stroke. Conclusion The increased 24 h BPV and day time BPV are correlated with neurologi⁃ cal deterioration during the acute phase in hypertensive minor ischemic stroke patients. BPV should be concerned in the acute phase and secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between NGF in serum and follicular fluid and polycystic ovary syndrome 2015, 43 (9):  1012-1014.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.015 Abstract ( 628 )   PDF (287KB) ( 5483 )   Objective To investigate the relationship of nerve growth factor (NGF) between serum and follicular fluid in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and its effect on pregnancy outcomes. Methods From December 2011 to November 2012, 65 PCOS patients suffered with in vitro fertilization - embryo transfer (IVF - ET) were included in PCOS group and 31 non-PCOS patients with IVF - ET were used as control group. The expressions of NGF in serum and follicular fluid were detected by ELISA on the injection day of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The expression levels of NGF in serum and follicular fluid were compared between PCOS group and control group. Results The NGF levels in serum[(14.38±0.42) ng/L] and follicular fluid[(9.61±0.49)ng/L] were significantly higher in PCOS group than those of control group[(11.39±0.38) ng/L and (7.55±0.40)ng/L]. In PCOS group, NGF levels in serum [(14.22±0.35)ng/L] and follicular fluid [(9.30±0.31)ng/L] were significantly lower in pregnant group than those of non-pregnant group[(14.51±0.43)ng/L, (9.86±0.46)ng/L, P＜0.01]. Conclusion The increased levels of NGF in serum and follicular fluid of PCOS patients contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS. The high expression of NGF in serum and follicular fluid may be harmful to pregnancy in PCOS patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between allergic, non-allergic rhinitis and obstructive sleep#br# apnea-hypopnea syndrome ZHANG Liang 2015, 43 (9):  1015-1018.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.016 Abstract ( 742 )   PDF (308KB) ( 4408 )   Objective To investigate the relationship between allergic rhinitis (AR), non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) and obstructive sleep apnea- hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods Forty- eight patients with AR symptoms and snoring symptoms for at least 2 years, who received treatment in our outpatient, were included in this study. Skin prick test, serum specific IgE, polysomnography (PSG), acoustic rhinometry, nasal resistance (RM), Müller's test (FPMM) and Epworth sleepi⁃ ness scale (ESS) were performed in patients. Results There were 25 AR patients (AR group) and 23 NAR cases (NAR group). ESS> 9 scores were found in 19 patients, including 15 NAR cases and 4 AR cases. There was higher incidence of drowsiness in NAR group than that of AR group (P < 0.05). Results of PSG showed that there were significantly higher proportions of apnea, poor sleep quality, AHI index, and lower values of the lowest oxygen saturation (LSpO2) and mean oxygen saturation (ASpO2) in NAR group than those of AR group (P < 0.05). The incidence of OSAHS was significantly higher in NAR group than that of AR group (82.6% vs 36.0%, P < 0.05). Conclusion Both AR and NAR were risk factors for OSAHS, and both can induce sleep disorders. NAR patients were more likely to result in OSAHS, and showing higher disease severity. NAR may have an important role in the initiation of OSAHS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the correlation between red cell distribution width and microalbuminuria in patients with chronic heart failure WANG Chao 2015, 43 (9):  1018-1021.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.017 Abstract ( 780 )   PDF (338KB) ( 3665 )    Objective To observe changes of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and trace albumin urine (MAU) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and to explore the relationship between them and cardiac function classification. Methods A total of 190 patients with CHF were divided into mild group (NYHA grade II), moderate group (NYHA grade Ⅲ) and severe group (NYHA grade Ⅳ), according to the grade of cardiac function. A total of 100 subjects with normal physi⁃ cal examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The changes of MAU, urinary creatinine (Scr) ra⁃ tio (UACR), RDW, Scr, hemoglobin (Hb), type B urine sodium titanium (BNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)were compared between four groups. The correlation between UACR, RDW, Scr, Hb, BNP and LVEF were analyzed. Re⁃ sults The levels of RDW, Scr, BNP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), LVEDd, LVM, LVMI and UACR were sig⁃ nificantly higher in chronic heart failure group than those of control, showing a trend of increase gradually with the rising of heart function classification (P < 0.05). The values of Hb and LVEF showed a gradually decreasing trend with the increased heart function classification (P < 0.05). The values of UACR and RDW showed a gradually increasing trend with the in⁃ creased heart function classification (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between UACR and RDW, and both had a positive correlation with BNP, and a negative correlation with LVEF and Hb(P < 0.05). Conclusion RDW and MAU are re⁃ lated to the cardiac function classification, and both can be used for the evaluation of the prognosis in patients with CHF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association of genetic polymorphism of CCNE1 and RIP2 with bladder cancer risk LIANG Enli, WU Changli,WANG Ying, HU Hailong, TIAN Dawei 2015, 43 (9):  1022-1025.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.018 Abstract ( 922 )   PDF (510KB) ( 4068 )   Abstract:Objective To evaluate the relationship between the CCNE1 or RIP2, identified at a single nucleotide poly⁃ morphism, and the risk, clinic stage and pathological grade of bladder cancer. Methods Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from 176 patients with bladder cancer and 210 controls without cancer. DNA was extracted. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect CCNE1 (rs8102137) and RIP2 (rs42490) polymorphism. According to the postoper⁃ ative pathological results, patients with bladder cancer were determined the grading and staging. The genotype differences of medium gene and the distribution gene were analyzed and compared in bladder cancer group and control group. The relation⁃ ship of CCNE1 (rs8102137) and RIP2 (rs42490) genotypes and clinical data of patients with bladder cancer was analyzed, and the relationship of them with the genetic susceptibility to bladder cancer was also analyzed. Results The genotype dis⁃ tribution was with good group representative in control group. The frequency of CCNE1(rs8102137) variant allele was signifi⁃ cantly higher in bladder cancer group (40.91%) than that of control group (30.95%，OR=1.54， 95%CI: 1.02-2.45, P＜0.05). The frequency of RIP2 (rs42490) variant allele was significantly higher in bladder cancer group (72.73%) than that of control group (62.38%, OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.04-2.48, P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in gene polymorphisms of CC⁃ NE1(rs8102137) and RIP2 (rs42490) between different pathological grades and different clinical stages of bladder cancer. Conclusion The CCNE1 (rs8102137) and RIP2 (rs42490) polymorphism have interaction in occurrence of bladder cancer process. There is higher risk of bladder cancer in individuals carrying mutant alleles than that of individuals carrying wild type. Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression of Tregs and CD8+ T cells in malignant melanoma and its relationship with prognosis SU Yueying, AN Xiumei, ZHAO Hua, WEI Feng, ZHANG Xinwei 2015, 43 (9):  1026-1030.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.019 Abstract ( 766 )   PDF (686KB) ( 4457 )   Objective To investigate the different distribution of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD8+ T cells in the local immune microenvironment of mucosal malignant melanoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma, and analyze the relationship between the two indicators and the prognosis of patients. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining was used to assess the ex⁃ pression of Foxp3+ Tregs and CD8+ T cells in tumor microenvironment of 58 patients with malignant melanoma. The correlation between two factors, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis were analyzed. Results There is no correlation be⁃ tween the expression of Foxp3 and CD8. The number of Foxp3+ Tregs was significantly higher in mucosa malignant melanoma than that in cutaneous malignant melanoma (t=2.648, P=0.011). The proportion of Foxp3high Tregs was significantly higher in pa⁃ tients with tumor diameter ≥3 cm, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis than that in patients with tumor diameter＜3 cm, no lymph node metastasis and no distant metastasis (P＜0.05). In addition, in patients with ulceration that proportion was significantly higher in CD8high group than that in patients without ulceration (33.3% vs 5.9%, P＜0.05). The median progres⁃ sion-free surial (PFS) was 12 months in Foxp3high group, which was significantly longer than that of Foxp3low group (31 months, P＜0.05). The median PFS was significantly higher in CD8high group (25 months) than that of CD8low group (12 months, P＜ 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that the median PFS was 7 months in Foxp3high CD8low group, which was significantly lower than that of Foxp3high CD8high group (25 months) and Foxp3low CD8low group (18 months, P=0.003). Univariate analysis showed that median PFS was different in patients with different tumor location, different number of Foxp3+ Treg, different number of CD8+ T cells, and distant metastases. Conclusion The number of Tregs is closely associated with metastasis in patients with malig⁃ nant melanoma. Compared with cutaneous malignant melanoma, our results indicate that the poor prognosis of mucosal malig⁃ nant melanoma may be associated with the infiltration of more Tregs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study of postoperative individualized chemotherapy based on genetic testing results for non-small cell lung cancer ZHAI Chunbo, HU Dehong△, LI Wei 2015, 43 (9):  1030-1033.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.020 Abstract ( 980 )   PDF (355KB) ( 4199 )   Objective To explore the efficiency of postoperative individualized chemotherapy based on genetic testing results for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Fifty-six NSCLC patients at stageⅡor ⅢA who accepted video- assisted thoracic operation were divided into two groups: the individualized chemotherapy group (n=26) and non individual⁃ ized chemotherapy group (n=30). The fresh lung tumor tissue of individualized chemotherapy group was tested target gene， in⁃ cluding excision repair cross complementing 1 (ERCC1)， ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1)， β-tubulin Ⅲ， thymi⁃ dylate synthase （TS)， epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1). The theraputic plan was based on genetic testing results in individualized chemotherapy group, and the non individualized chemotherapy group re⁃ ceiving gemcitabine plus cisplatin. The 1-year disease free survival (DFS), 2-year disease free survival (DFS), the progres⁃ sion- free survival (PFS) and the overall survival (OS) were compared between two groups. Results The 2- year DFS (57.69%), PFS (22.1±5.0 months) and OS (24.1±3.2 months) were significantly higher in the individualized chemotherapy group than those of non individualized chemotherapy group (respectively 30.00%, 18.9±6.2 months, 21.9±4.3 months, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in 1-year DFS between two groups (88.46% vs 83.33%, P < 0.05). Conclusion The individualized chemotherapy based on genetic testing results can enhance the 2-year DFS, PFS, OS and the efficiency of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Curative effect of L-carnitine on neonatal abnormal cardiac troponin I caused by asphyxia SHENGYu,CONGHui,GUOFei,XUMeiyu,ZHANGHong 2015, 43 (9):  1034-1036.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.021 Abstract ( 746 )   PDF (294KB) ( 3765 )   Objective To explore the protective effect of L-carnitine on neonates with myocardial injury caused by as⁃ phyxia. Methods Forty-four neonates with myocardial injury caused by asphyxia were randomly divided into L-carnitine treatment group (21 cases) and control group (23 cases). Patients in control group were received routine treatment and pa⁃ tients in treatment group were given L-carnitine 0. 1 g/(kg·d) on the basis of routine treatment for 7 days. Symptoms and physical signs were observed before therapy and during the treatment in two groups. Before and after the treatment, plasma levels of free L-carnitine and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were detected with the method of colorimetric assay and chemilumi⁃ nescent, respectively. Results The clinical effective rate was significantly higher in treatment group than that of control group (90.48% vs 60.87%, P < 0. 05). Compared with the control group, there was a significantly higher plasma concentra⁃ tion of free L-carnitine in treatment group after treatment [(27.00±5.69) μmol/L vs (13.20±3.04) μmol/L, P < 0.05]. In treat⁃ ment group, plasma concentration of free L- carnitine was significantly higher after treatment than that of pre- therapy [(14.87±3.95) μmol/L， P < 0.05]. Compared with the control group, there was a significantly lower plasma concentration of cTnI after treatment in treatment group [(0.025±0.006) μg/L vs (0.046±0.010) μg/L, P < 0.05]. In the treatment group, there was a significant correlation between decreased plasma concentration of cTnI and increased plasma concentration of free L- carnitine (r=0.899, P < 0.05). Conclusion Administration of L-carnitine can effectively decrease the abnormal plasma lev⁃ el of cTnI in neonates with myocardial injury caused by asphyxia, and thereby protect the myocardium. Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety analysis of new type antidepressants in treatment of depression in patients with coronary heart disease JIAO Quande, WEI Xuming, WANG Chaoqing, REN Mingfen△ 2015, 43 (9):  1037-1040.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.022 Abstract ( 773 )   PDF (303KB) ( 3786 )   Objective To evaluate the safety of new-generation of antidepressants and amitriptyline in the treatment of depression in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods A total of 194 patients with first-episode depression with CHD were divided into amitriptyline group（n=40） , venlafaxine group （n=40） , mirtazapine group （n=48）and escitalo⁃ pram group （n=66） . The blood routine test, liver function, blood lipids and blood glucose (GLU) were monitored after treat⁃ ment for six weeks, and which were compared before and after treatment. Results The levels of white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophil count (NE) were significantly lower in amitriptyline group after 6-week treatment (P < 0.05), but the levels of acid alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (T-CHO) and GLU were significant⁃ ly increased after treatment than those before treatment (P < 0.05). The levels of WBC, NE and GLU were significantly de⁃ creased in venlafaxine group after 6-week treatment (P < 0.05). The levels of ALT, AST, low density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly increased in mirtazapine group after six-week treatment (P < 0.05). In escitalopram group, the level of three ac⁃ yl glycerin (TG) was significantly increased after six-week treatment than before treatment (P < 0.05). There was a signifi⁃ cant difference in AST change after treatment between venlafaxine group and mirtazapine group (P < 0.05). There was a sig⁃ nificant decrease in WBC in amitriptyline group than that of mirtazapine group after six-week treatment (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in NE in amitriptyline group than that of mirtazapine group and escitalopram group (P < 0.05). The increase level of AST was significant higher in amitriptyline group than that of venlafaxine group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Three different kinds of new-generation of antidepressants have fewer influence in routine blood test, liver function, blood lipids and blood glucose than those of amitriptyline in the treatment of depression in patients with CHD. Related Articles | Metrics

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The pulmonary protection of dexmedetomidine in combination with parecoxib in patients undergoing thoracotomy during one-lung ventilation WANGRuiming,LIChuanyao,CHENGBo,CHAIXiaoqing,CHENKunzhou 2015, 43 (9):  1041-1043.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.023 Abstract ( 807 )   PDF (296KB) ( 4005 )   Objective To evaluate the pulmonary protection of dexmedetomidine in combination with parecoxib in pa⁃ tients undergoing thoracotomy with one-lung ventilation. Methods Eighty patients undergoing elective resection of esopha⁃ geal or lung cancer, including both sex, aged 40-70 yr, ASAⅠ-Ⅲ, were randomly divided into four groups (n=20), dexme⁃ detomidine group (D group), parecoxib group (P group), dexmedetomidine in combination with parecoxib group (DP group) and control group (C group). Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was infused in ten minutes and then continued infusion at the rate 0.6 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 until the chest was closed in group D. Parecoxib 40 mg was infused 10 min before the induction of anesthesia in group P. DP group was given parecoxib 40 mg and parecoxib 40 mg 10 min before the induction of anesthesia. The equal volume of normal saline was given in group C. Blood samples were collected for determination of blood gas analysis and the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 immediately after the induction of anes⁃ thesia (T1), 30 min (T2) and 60 min(T3) after one-lung ventilation, and at the end of the operation (T4). Oxygenation index (OI) was calculated. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with time T0, the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 (except IL-8 at the time T2 in DP group) were significantly increased, and OI was decreased in all groups at the time T2-4 (P < 0.05). Compared with group C, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 decreased and OI increased significantly at the time T2-4 in D group, P group and DP group (P < 0.05). There were no obvious differences in concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and OI value between D group and P group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Combination of dexmedetomidine and parecoxib can further mitigate inflammatory response, improve lung oxygenation dur⁃ ing one-lung ventilation, and provide pulmonary protection in patients undergoing thoracotomy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study of tranexamic acid decreasing operative blood loss during posterior spinal fusion for treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis CHENHui，KANShilian 2015, 43 (9):  1044-1046.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.024 Abstract ( 867 )   PDF (282KB) ( 3720 )   Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in decreasing operative blood loss and the need for transfusion during posterior spinal fusion for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Methods A retrospective comparative analysis of 93 consecutive adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion procedures was per⁃ formed. Patients were divided into treatment group (TXA, n=43) and control group (n=50). Clinical indicators were compared in operation and after operation between two groups. Results There was significantly less operative blood loss (703±176) mL in TXA group than that of control group (1143±389) mL. And post operation flow was also lower in TXA group than that of control group [(145±75)mL vs (278±95) mL, P< 0.001)]. Autologous blood recovery in patients was lower in TXA group than that of control group [(241.0±109.1) mL vs (372.7±123.0) mL, P < 0.001). There were no major intraoperative complica⁃ tions in two groups. There was no blood transfusion in TXA group, and there was 1 case with 400 mL blood transfusion in con⁃ trol group. Conclusion TXA treatment can decrease blood loss and blood transfusion and not increase intraoperative and postoperative complications in surgery of posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of a single IV lidocaine bolus dose on the minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane ZHANG Wei,,YU Yonghao2 2015, 43 (9):  1047-1049.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.025 Abstract ( 644 )   PDF (330KB) ( 4025 )   Objective To evaluate the effects of a single IV lidocaine bolus dose on the minimal alveolar concentration （MAC）of sevoflurane. Methods Patients (n=90), aged 25-65 years whose Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification was Ⅰ or Ⅱ and underwent elective surgery on trunk under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups with 30 cases in each group： high-dose lidocaine group (group H), low-dose lidocaine group (group L) and control group (group C). They were induced by sevoflurane inhalation, and ventilated by LMA (laryngeal mask airway). After a 15 minutes equilibration period with the above sevoflurane concentration , the medication to be studied (2% lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg for group H , 2% lidocaine 0.75 mg/kg for group L, 0.9% saline 5mL for group C) was administered for 3 minutes before the skin incision. The response to skin incision (movement versus no movement) was recorded in the first minute after skin incision. The MAC for sevoflu⁃ rane was determined using the Dixon′s up and down method. Values of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and BIS were recorded at 1 minute and 5 minutes after being monitored (average values were noted as T0), immediately before the administration of medication (T1), immediately before the skin incision (T2) and 1 minute after the skin incision(T3). Results MAC in group H (2.00%±0.17%) was lower than that in group C (2.22%±0.18%) by approximately 0.22%,and which was lower than that of group L ( 2.21%±0.14%) by approximately 0.21%（F=7.054， P < 0.05） . No significant differ⁃ ence in the MAC of sevoflurane was noted between group L and group C. The values of HR, MAP and BIS all decreased at T2 and increased at T3 in all 3 groups (all P < 0.05). No significant difference in HR, MAP or BIS was observed between T0 and T1 in all three groups. The values of HR and BIS were lower in group H than those in group C and group L at T2 and T3. The values of MAP were lower in group L and group H than those in group C at T2 and T3. The value of MAP were lower in group H than that in group L at T2（all P＜0.05） . Conclusion A single Ⅳ 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine decreases MAC of sevoflurane, but the decreased amplitude (11%) does not reach expectation. Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study for the effectiveness of the image by multiphase CT enterography among three scan phases LI Jingjin, XU Guoping, XIA Qinglai, LIU Yingying, ZHANG Xuening△， NIU Dongmei, LIU Liangsheng 2015, 43 (9):  1050-1053.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.026 Abstract ( 1089 )   PDF (739KB) ( 3811 )   Objective To evaluate the influence of the CT enterography (CTE) in different scan phases of small intesti⁃ nal wall and arteriovenous vessels, and to confirm the diagnostic efficiency thereof. Methods A total of 286 patients under⁃ went CTE were collected, and their CT image of three scan phases, including 20 s, 40 s and 60 s after injection, were record⁃ ed. Values of reinforcement of the intestinal wall and arteriovenous enhancing degree in all phases were collected. A statisti⁃ cal analysis was used to confirm the best phase for showing the structure. The diagnostic efficiency of the best phase of CT image was evaluated for the clinical diagnosis of small intestine and vascular lesions. Results (1) The CT value of the small intestinal wall in the intestinal phase was significantly higher than other two phases (P＜0.05). There was no significant dif⁃ ference in CT value between arterial phase and portal phase. (2) Comparison between three phases of CT values of ileum showed that artery: arterial phase>intestinal phase, and there is no statistical difference between the intestinal phase and oth⁃ er two phases. The result of CT value of ileum vein showed that intestinal phase＞portal phase＞arterial phase (P＜0.05). (3) The sensitivity was 95.8%, the specificity was 94.9%, the accuracy was 95.1%, the positive predictive value was 79.3% and the negative predictive value was 99.1% using CT image of intestinal period for diagnosing small intestinal diseases. (4) The intestinal period showed small intestinal lesions and confirmed by pathology including 22 cases of small intestinal lympho⁃ ma, 10 cases of stromal tumor, 1 case adenoma, cavernous 3 cases hemangioma and 8 cases of Crohn's disease. The diagno⁃ sis of hemangioma should be combined with arterial phase. Conclusion Small intestinal wall and blood vessels have better display performance in the intestinal phase of multiphase CT enterography, using the arterial phase and intestinal phase scan⁃ ning, we can make an accurate diagnosis for the majority of small intestinal diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of 29 cases of fetal digestive tract malformation diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound ZHUO Na, DUAN Qing, ZHANG Hui， TIAN Jing，SUN Tong 2015, 43 (9):  1054-1055.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.027 Abstract ( 1223 )   PDF (268KB) ( 7292 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical significance of prenatal ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of fe⁃ tal digestive tract development. Methods Twenty-nine cases of congenital digestive tract malformation were examined in according to the different characteristics of their different fetal ultrasound images. Results There were 11 cases with non- magenblase or less magenblase (37.93%), 4 cases with combination of multiple malformations, and 9 cases with combination of amniotic fluid in the 29 cases. There were 7 cases (24.14%) with dilatation of intestine and intestinal vesicles, in which 3 with multiple malformations and 3 with polyhydramnios. There were 8 cases (27.58%) with double bubbles, in which 1 case with multiple malformations and 7 cases with amniotic fluid. Conclusion The prenatal ultrasound examination in 30 to 32 weeks of pregnancy is very valuable in diagnosis of fetal digestive tract development, which is worthy of clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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The anatomical relationship of the internal thoracic artery and coronary artery evaluated by 256 slice spiral CT CHENWeibin，FENGLi，GONGFengling，ZHANGHuiying 2015, 43 (9):  1056-1059.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.028 Abstract ( 902 )   PDF (446KB) ( 4171 )   Objective To evaluation the anatomy relationship between thoracic artery and coronary artery by using 256 layer spiral CT angiography. Methods The angiographic images of thoracic aortic and coronary artery angiography were re⁃ vealed in 200 patients with chest pain. Values of the major branch length, diameter, length of the aorta-coronary artery by⁃ pass on both sides of the thoracic artery and coronary artery were measured. Results The diameter of thoracic artery was (2.52±0.38) mm, and the length of thoracic artery from the starting point to terminal was (190.12 ±1.90) mm. There were no significant differences in the thoracic artery lumen diameter and length between both sides. The inner diameters of left anteri⁃ or descending coronary artery, left circumflex, diagonal branch, right coronary artery and the posterior interventricular branch were (2.82 ±0.25), (2.60±0.12), (2.22±0.25), (3.02±0.27) and (2.35±0.35) mm respectively. There were no significant differences in thoracic artery diameters except for the right coronary artery diameter, which was higher than that of the thorac⁃ ic artery. About free transplantation the length from 2cm above in the ascending aorta starting to the halfway point of anterior descending coronary artery, to the atrioventricular node along the left circumflex way, to the atrioventricular node along the right coronary artery and from the atrioventricular node to halfway point of posterior interventricular branch was shorter than that of thoracic artery (P < 0.05). About situ transplantation in addition to the length from the thoracic artery start department to the point of anterior descending compared with the thoracic artery length, there were no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The length from the thoracic artery start department to the left-hand atrioventricular node, to the right coronary artery atrio⁃ ventricular node was higher than that of the thoracic artery length (P < 0.05). Conclusion The branches of internal thoracic artery and coronary artery are similar. About situ transplantation is suitable for the wall blood vessels before the heart. With free thoracic artery transplantation, its length can meet any bridging from the ascending aorta to the coronary arteries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of grade Ⅱ supination adduction ankle fractures with impaction of tibial plafond using double-plate fixation WANG Yanqing, LIU Minghui, TIAN Xuezhong, JIA Shikong 2015, 43 (9):  1059-1062.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.029 Abstract ( 665 )   PDF (590KB) ( 4067 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of double-plate treatment on grade Ⅱ supination adduction ankle frac⁃tures with impaction of tibial plafond. Methods A total of 17 patients of gradeⅡ supination adduction ankle fractures with impaction of tibial plafond were treated surgically in our hospital. Anteromedial approach to the medial malleolus was taken to expose the tibial plafond and the vertical medial malleolus fractures. One distal radius plate was placed on the anteromei⁃ dal tibial plafond, and another buttress plate was placed on the medial malleolus. Bone grafting was used to restore the height of the collapsed tibia. Lateral malleolus fractures were treated with reconstruction plate. The fracture union after operation was detected by X-ray examination. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle hind foot score was used to assess the ankle function. Results Sixteen of 17 patients were followed up postoperatively for a mean period of 2.6±0.9 years. CT cross-sectional study found that the collapsed articular surface of 12 (70.6%) patients was mainly located in the an⁃ teromedial one-fourth area, with the worst at anterior margin. Bony fusion was achieved in all patients after an average peri⁃ od of 2.9±0.5 months. No internal fixation loosening or fracture redisplacement was found by X-ray. The average range of an⁃ kle joint activity was 16.4°±2.8° for dorsiflexion, and was 39.2°±5.3° for plantarflexion. According to AOFAS ankle hindfoot scale, ankle function was excellent in 14 patients and good in 2, with excellence rate of 100%. Conclusion The application of double-plate fixation to treat grade Ⅱ supination adduction ankle fractures with impaction of tibial plafond can play a key role in reducing fracture redisplacement and osteoarthritis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and chest tube drainage combined with urokinase for the treatment of empyema after fibropurulent pneumonia HAN Hongli, ZHANG Yukun, HOU Yuelong 2015, 43 (9):  1063-1065.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.030 Abstract ( 704 )   PDF (282KB) ( 3810 )    Objective To compare the clinical effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and chest tube drainage combined with urokinase for the treatment of empyema after fibropurulent pneumonia, and to determine the best therapy for patients. Methods Patients were randomly divided into two groups according to inclusion and exclusion crite⁃ ria: 55 patients were selected as group VATS performed VATS; 46 patients were selected as drainage group performed 12F catheter chest closed drainage by Seldinger technique under B ultrasound guidance. The 100 000 unit urokinase was inject⁃ ed into chest, and open after 4-hour closed, once a day for three days. Values of white blood cell (WBC), pH, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C reactive protein (CRP) of pleural effusion before treatment were recorded, and the duration of fe⁃ ver after treatment, duration of chest-tube placement, antibiotic use, hospital stay, cure rate, complication and hospitaliza⁃ tion expenses were also recorded. Results The duration of fever after treatment,, duration of chest-tube placement, antibiot⁃ ic use and hospital stay were significantly lower in VATS group than those in drainage group. The cure rate was significantly higher in VATS group than that of drainage group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in complication rates and hospitalization expenses between two groups. There was no death in both two groups. Conclusion VATS is more suitable for the treatment of empyema after fibropurulent pneumonia than chest tube drainage combined with urokinase, and which is worthy of clinical promotion for not adding complication rates and hospitalization expenses. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of corneal astigmatisms measured by Lenstar LS900 and auto-refractor 2015, 43 (9):  1066-1068.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.031 Abstract ( 1110 )   PDF (402KB) ( 4317 )   Objective To compare the differences of corneal keratometry and corneal astigmatism measured by Len⁃ star LS900 and KR-1 auto-refractor of age-related cataract. Methods Seventy-six patients with cataract (76 eyes) were in⁃ cluded in this study. Flat keratometry (K1), steep keratometry (K2), mean keratometry (Km) and astigmatism were measured before operation by Lenstar LS900 and KR-1 auto-refractor. The parameters of astigmatism were transformed into J0 and J45 by Fourier vector transform, and which was compared. Results Values of K1, K2, Km, J0 and J45 were (43.960±1.440) D, (44.901±1.319)D, (44.430±1.336)D, 0.043±0.402 and 0.017±0.425 measured by Lenstar LS900, respectively, and which measured by KR-1 auto-refractor were (44.007±1.400)D, (44.859±1.338)D, (44.433±1.330)D, -0.058±0.322 and 0.031± 0.419, respectively. There was no statistical difference between these values measured by two instruments (P＞0.05). The Bland-Altman plots showed that two devices had coincident results for corneal parameters. Conclusion Lenstar LS900 and KR-1 auto-refractor can be applied in the measurement of corneal astigmatism of age-related cataract before surgery. Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-analysis on the relationship between sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and liver injury WANG Lin, TIAN Jianli,LI Dai, FENG Shuzhi, REN Meishu 2015, 43 (9):  1069-1072.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.032 Abstract ( 917 )   PDF (534KB) ( 3847 )   Abstract:Objective To provide an comprehensive evaluation of the correlation between sleep apnea hypopnea syn⁃ drome (SAHS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods The various case-control studies on the relation⁃ ship between SAHS and NAFLD were retrieved from all kinds of large-scale databases at home and abroad (including Web of science, EMbase, Pubmed, Springer Link, EBSCO Databases, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang Data). The quality evaluation of in⁃ cluded studies was made by two independent researchers. RevMan 5.1 and stata 12.0 software were used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 11 qualified documents were included in this study. Meta analysis showed that the relative risk of NAFLD was increased in SAHS patients than non-SAHS patients (RR=2.82, 95%CI:2.03-3.92, P < 0.01). The serum ala⁃ nine aminotransferase (ALT) increased in SAHS patients (SMD=0.53, 95% CI:0.02-1.05, P < 0.05). Compared with non- SAHS patients, the apnea- hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly higher in SAHS patients combined with severe NAFLD than those combined with mild NAFLD (SMD=1.42, 95%CI:0.12-2.72, P < 0.05). Conclusion The risk of NAFLD in⁃ creases in SAHS patients. The severity of NAFLD is relatively higher with the severity of intermittent hypoxia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta- analysis of risk factors of severe acute lower respiratory infections in children FU Zhuo,WAN Liya,XU Yongsheng,ZHENG Yuejie 2015, 43 (9):  1073-1078.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.033 Abstract ( 687 )   PDF (779KB) ( 4003 )   Abstract:Objective To identify the risk factors for severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children and to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of ALRI. Methods Several databases including Pubmed, Databases- Medline (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL and Global Health Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Date were searched (1990.1- 2014.12) for references. All selected studies were about risk factors of ALRI in children. The screening and quality evalua⁃tion of the literature data was conducted independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata 11.0 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results Meta-analysis of 27 included literature showed that seven risk fac⁃ tors were significantly associated with severe ALRI: low birth weight, lack of exclusive breastfeeding, crowded household, ex⁃ posure to indoor air pollution, malnutrition, living in a house with smokers or smoking in pregnant and HIV-exposed unin⁃ fected condition. Conclusion The above seven risk factors play the important role in the development of ALRI in children. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for further studies investigating other potential risk factors to decrease the possibility of childhood ALRI. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between mitochondrial DNA damage and retinal pigment epithelium cells YU Yongzhen, ZOU Xiulan, ZOU Yuping 2015, 43 (9):  1079-1081.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.034 Abstract ( 759 )   PDF (319KB) ( 4052 )   Abstract： Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a genetic effect DNA molecule of double closed loop, and is crucial for cells and their functions. Mitochondria take an active part in physiological activities of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The oxidative stress is usually occurred in RPE for its active metabolism, which can lead to mitochondria and mtDNA dam⁃ age. Once mitochondria and mtDNA lesions have not been repaired timely, the lesions can be accumulated, which can cause dysfunctions and damaged-structures of RPE and mitochondria, and can motivate the progression of cell apoptosis. In the end it can result in some ocular related diseases such as aged-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study reviewed the functional relationship between mtDNA and RPE, and repair and detection methods of mtDNA damage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of decompressive hemicraniectomy application as treatment for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction ZHANGXiaohui,JIAMin,HANJinsong,ZHAOMing,LIAnmin 2015, 43 (9):  1082-1085.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.035 Abstract ( 651 )   PDF (302KB) ( 3846 )   Abstract: A large ischemic stroke caused by malignant middle cerebral artery infarction can lead to severe cerebral edema, even cerebral hernia. This condition deteriorates and progresses rapidly, usually leading to death. Due to limitations of conservative treatments, decompressive hemicraniectomy becomes a favored option in clinic. Recent years, a series of ex⁃ perimental studies and clinical trials achieved reliable evidence that decompressive hemicraniectomy is an effective treat⁃ ment for patients who suffer from malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. With the successful surgical procedure, most patients benefit from a reduced mortality and improved functional outcome without severe disability. Nevertheless, plenty of issues about decompressive hemicraniectomy still need to be solved. Here, we reviewed researches of early diagnosis of ma⁃ lignant middle cerebral infarction and the application of decompressive hemicraniectomy as its treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The research progress of PD-1 channel inhibition in tumor treatment CHEN Lu, TAN Chao 2015, 43 (9):  1085-1088.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.09.036 Abstract ( 1187 )   PDF (305KB) ( 7754 )   Abstract: Programmed death1 (PD-1) is mainly expressed on the surface of activated T cell. The combination between PD-1 and its legends PD-L1/PD-L2 activate downstream signaling pathways and negatively regulate T cell activation. Ab⁃ normal increase expression of PD-L1 on tumor cell surface mediates the tumor immune escape. Inhibition of PD-1 signaling pathway contributes to antitumor effect of T cells. The development of this pathway inhibitors has become a hot spot for tu⁃ mor immunotherapy. This article expounds the progress about antitumor effects mediated by PD-1 pathway inhibition from experiments in vivo or in vitro and clinical development of PD-1 pathway inhibitors, providing a new target for cancer immu⁃ notherapy and theoretical and clinical basis for the clinical application of immunotherapy with traditional therapy methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics