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15 November 2015, Volume 43 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Monograph·Endocrine Diseases(Editor-in-Chidf YU Demin)

Monograph·Rachiopathy Diseases
Cell and Molecular Biology
Experimental Study
Clinical Study
Applied Essay
Epidemiological Investigation
Review


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Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist protects high-glucose induced β cells apoptosis via inhibition of NOX2-dependent ROS production Chun-Jun Li Y Qian WANG Penghua YU Demin 2015, 43 (11):  1217-1221.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.001 Abstract ( 643 )   PDF (507KB) ( 3853 )    Objective To investigate the possible mechanisms of glucagon- like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra) protection against hyperglycemic induced beta cell apoptosis through depression of NOX2-dependent ROS production. Methods The rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was established by injecting small doses of streptozotocin (STZ) followed by 8-week high fat diet. The experimental animals were divided into three groups: normal control (N) group, diabetes (T2DM) group and GLP-1Ra group [treated with liraglutide 200 μg/ （kg·d）for 12 weeks]. The blood glucose levels were compared before and after modeling, before treatment and 12-week after treatment with GLP-1Ra. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect levels of aspertate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CR) and urea nitrogen (BUN). The apoptotic rates of islets were determined by TUNEL method and cleaved caspase 3 was detected by immunohistochemistry. DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of islets. Levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX) catalytic subunit (NOX2) in islets were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results At the end of the study, glycemic control (average blood glucose/week and HbA1c) and lipid situation were improved significantly in the GLP-1Ra group than those of N group (P＜0.05). TUNEL staining and displayed that β cell apoptotic and cleaved caspase 3 level were significantly decreased in GLP-1Ra group compared to those of T2DM group (P＜0.05). ROS levels were significantly decreased in GLP-1Ra group than those of T2DM group before treatment with Apocynin, but no significant difference between GLP1-Ra group and N group (P＞0.05). After application Apocynin for inhibition, there were no significant differences between three groups (P＞0.05). The level of NOX2 was significantly lower in GLP-1Ra group compared to that of T2DM group (P＜0.05). Conclusion GLP-1Ra can inhibit apoptosis of β cells in diabetes rat, and the depression of NOX2-dependent ROS may be one of the important underlying mechanisms. Related Articles | Metrics

Monograph·Endocrine Diseases(Editor-in-Chidf YU Demin)

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The protective effects of saxagliptin on β-cell proliferation by inhibiting the degradation of SDF-1 in type 2 diabetes rats#br# XING Yunzhi, LI Chunjun, DING Min, YU Qian, YU Demin 2015, 43 (11):  1221-1225.  Abstract ( 665 )   PDF (905KB) ( 3800 )   Objective To investigate the mechanism of a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, saxagliptin, promoting the regeneration of islet beta cells in diabetic rats.  Methods The male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups including control group (NC, n=10), diabetes group (DM, n=10) and diabetes treated with saxagliptin group (DM-S, n=10). DM-S group was treated with saxagliptin 1 mg/(kg·d) for twelve weeks. The pancreatic β cell function was analysed by hyperglycemic clamps. Immunohistochemistry with anti-PCNA was performed to observe the proliferation rate of pancreatic β cells. Immunofluorescence double staining with anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, anti-DPP-4 and anti-SDF-1 were performed to observe the expression of insulin, glucagon, DPP-4 and SDF-1 in pancreatic tissue. Western blot assay was performed to test the expression of Akt, p-Akt, β-catenin and free-β-catenin protein, and RT-PCR was performed to test the expression  levels of c-myc and cyclinD1 mRNA in pancreatic tissue. Results Compared with NC group, there were significantly increased blood glucose, decreased islet function and β cell mass in DM group. Compared with DM rats, saxagliptin treatment significantly inhibited the expression of DPP-4, decreased the degradation of SDF-1, stimulated the proliferation of β cells, and ultimately improved the islet function and histopathological changes of pancreas. Conclusion DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin can significantly improve islet function, which involved in the inhibition of the expression of DPP- 4, the decreased degradation of SDF-1 and the stimulation of the proliferation of β cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist induced weight loss of mice YU Qian, LI Chunjun, DING Min, XING Yunzhi, YU Demin 2015, 43 (11):  1226-1230.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.003 Abstract ( 614 )   PDF (867KB) ( 3790 )   Objective To investigate the possible mechanisms of glucagon- like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra) induced weight loss. Methods High fat diet induced obese c57BL/6 mice were divided into normal control group (N,n=8), high fat feeding group (HF, n=32) and GLP-1Ra group treated with GLP-1Ra (liraglutide 200 μg/(kg·d) or 400 μg/(kg·d）for 8 weeks). Changes of body weight, blood glucose and three acyl glycosides (TG) levels were observed in three groups. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes. Immunofluorescence staining and real-time PCR were used to measure the expression of UCP-1. Furthermore, the expression of PGC-1α in protein level was observed to explore the possible mechanism of GLP-1Ra induced browning in white fat (WAT). Results After 8-week liraglutide (Lira) administration, the body weights were significantly reduced in obese mice (P < 0.05). The levels of blood glucose and TG were significantly higher in HF group than those in N group, which reduced significantly in Lira (200 μg·kg-1) and Lira (400 μg·kg-1) administration groups (P < 0.05). HE staining showed adipocytes in perirenal and inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue partly acquired brown-like morphological characteristics. The expression levels of UCP-1 protein and mRNA and PGC-1α protein were elevated in adipse tissues, which increased more in Lira (400) than those in Lira (200, P < 0.05). Conclusion GLP-1Ra can induce weight loss through white fat browning by activation of UCP-1. Related Articles | Metrics

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Update study of GLP-1 receptor agonist in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease LI Chunjun, YU Demin 2015, 43 (11):  1230-1234.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.004 Abstract ( 612 )   PDF (344KB) ( 4056 )   Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common diseases across the world, but there is still no specific treatment for NAFLD. Glucogon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1Ra) is a novel drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, based on incretin hormone target. Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that GLP-1Ra can effectively reduce fat deposit in liver and attenuate hepatic steatosis. Therefore, GLP- 1Ra is a promising therapeutic approach against NAFLD. In this review, we provided an overview of the clinical and basic research evidences and mechanisms in relieving NAFLD. Related Articles | Metrics

Monograph·Rachiopathy Diseases

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Attaching importance to the pathological classification of lumbar disc protrusion, and selecting appropriate treatment#br# #br# MA Xinlong 2015, 43 (11):  1235-1238.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.005 Abstract ( 1121 )   PDF (381KB) ( 3694 )   Lumbar intervertebrae disc protrusion is a term for the description of morphology, with different pathological changes, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics. We propose a new pathologoical classification including damage-herniation, degeneration-protrusion, posterior vertebral osteochondrosis with disc protrusion, and disc cyst. The appropriate treatment including surgical option should be selected according to pathological changes. Related Articles | Metrics

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The choice and application of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and microscopic endoscopic discectomy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and stenosis XU Baoshan 2015, 43 (11):  1239-1243.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.006 Abstract ( 625 )   PDF (382KB) ( 4166 )   Nowadays, percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and microscopic endoscopic disectomy (MED) are common techniques for lumbar disc herniation and stenosis. Similar to traditional fenestration, MED is performed via interlamina approach, and is suitable for most cases of lumbar disc herniation and stenosis. And the mobile MED (MMED) used by author is beneficial to expose and manipulation. The PTED is performed during normal saline irrigation via natural transforaminal or interlamina approach. Compared to MED, PTED is less invasive and has relatively limited operating range, which depends on accurate puncture. MED and PTED have their particular standard and skills, and their indication is crossed and complementary. These two techniques can be selected according to specific conditions of patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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The diagnosis and therapy of discogenic low back pain XIA Qun， LIANG Wei 2015, 43 (11):  1244-1249.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.007 Abstract ( 890 )   PDF   Many reasons cause low back pain, such as muscles and ligaments injury, vertebral joints retrogression, spinal canal stenosis, lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spondylolisthesis, spondyloarthritis, infection, tumor and metabolic bone disease. It is in recent years that discogenic low back pain be recognised, especially after the MRI widely applied in clinics. This article makes a summary on discogenic low back pain of recent years from etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Principles of minimally invasive spinal surgery ZHANG Xifeng 2015, 43 (11):  1250-1252.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.008 Abstract ( 718 )   PDF (339KB) ( 4159 )   With the development of medical science, the level of minimally invasive spinal surgery is becoming higher and higher. Comparing to the traditional operation, the postoperative effect is equal to it or slightly better than it, with the higher patient satisfaction. The minimally invasive spine surgery is gradually accepted by the majority of patients. However, compared with the traditional operation, minimally invasive spinal surgery requires that spine surgeon must be familiar with principles and related concepts of minimally invasive surgery of the spine, due to its higher degree of fine operating, long learning curve. Only by following these principles and ideas, can the minimally invasive spine surgery be healthy sustainable and rapid developed. Related Articles | Metrics

Cell and Molecular Biology

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Androgen receptor up-regulates EphA3 expression in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines#br# DIAO Xiaowei， LI Yuan， PI Yurui， LI Tonghui， LIU Ping， LU Shan 2015, 43 (11):  1253-1257.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.009 Abstract ( 691 )   PDF (1497KB) ( 5830 )   Objective To evaluate the relationship between liver cell type A receptor (EphA) expression and androgen receptor (AR) signaling in androgen- dependent prostate cancer cells. Methods RT- PCR and Western blot assay were used to determine mRNA and protein levels of EphA3 and AR in prostate cancer LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells, respectively. The variations of EphA3, AR and prostate specific antigen (PSA) expressions were also measured in these cells after dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment for 48 h. The constructed EphA3-Luc (-789-+146) luciferase reporter plasmid was co-transfected with pcDNA3.1（+） -AR or siAR in 22Rv1 cells to analyze the effects of different AR expression levels on EphA3 transcription activity. Results The expression pattern of EphA3 was similar to AR, showing a lower level in prostate stromal cell line WPMY-1 and a higher level in prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and 22Rv1. When stimulated with 10 nmol/L DHT, the expression levels of AR, PSA and EphA3 were significantly increased in 22Rv1 cells, and the protein levels of these genes were also increased in LNCaP cells. Moreover, AR expression levels markedly influenced the activity of EphA3 promoter. Conclusion AR up-regulates EphA3 expression by increasing the activity of EphA3 promoter. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of the total flavone of litchi chinensis sonn on expressions of NF-κB and α-SMA in TGF-β1 activated rat hepatic stellate cells#br# LIU Yanxiu, ZHAO Yongzhong, LI Cai, DONG Yong, QIN Guijin, CHENG Qiuchen, ZHENG Qinghua 2015, 43 (11):  1258-1262.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.010 Abstract ( 638 )   PDF (415KB) ( 4124 )   Objective To investigate the effects of total flavonoids of litchi chinensis sonn (TFL) on cell proliferation and the molecular mechanism in rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) activated by growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Methods HSC-T6 cells were treated by 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA and then were digested into single cell suspension by DMEM (10% FBS included), which were mixed with TGF-β1 (5 μg/L). (1) MTT method was used to detect the proliferation of HSC-T6 cells. Cells were cultured in 96-well plate and were treated by different concentrations of TFL including TGF-β1 group, the control group (5‰ DMSO included), and different concentrations of TFL groups (80, 160, 320, 640 and 800 mg/L TFL). Each group has three wells. The absorbance (A) value was measured by enzyme standard meter at the 490 nm wavelength after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h treatment. The cell inhibitory rate was calculated. The subsequent experimental drug concentration and drug treatment time were determined according to half inhibitory concentration (IC50). (2) The expression levels of NF-κB and α-SMA mRNA were detected by PCR (for mRNA) and Western blot assay (for protein). Cells were cultured in the 10 cm culture dish and were divided into different TGF-β1 groups, including TGF-β1 group, the control group (5‰ DMSO included), and different concentrations of TFL groups (125, 250 and 500 mg/L TFL). After 48 h, related indicators were measured. Results At the same treatment time point, with the increased concentrations of TFL, A values were gradually decreased, and the cell inhibitory rates were gradually increased. There were no significant differences in the expressions of NF-κB and α-SMA mRNA between TGF-β1 group and control group. And there were no significant differences in the expressions of NF-κB and α-SMA mRNA between TFL125 group, TGF-β1 group and control group. There was a gradually decrease in the expressions of NF-κB and α-SMA mRNA and protein with the increased concentrations of TFL. Conclusion TFL can inhibit TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cell proliferation, which is involved in the inhibited expressions of NF-κB and α-SMA to anti-fibrotic effects in liver fibrosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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BDNF reduces the hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of H9c2 myocardial cells WANG Shicai, CHEN Taijun, HUANG Meisong, ZHU Shaoming 2015, 43 (11):  1262-1266.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.011 Abstract ( 585 )   PDF (624KB) ( 3889 )   Objective To investigate the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pretreatment on H9c2 myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury, and explore its mechanism. Methods The H9c2 myocardial cells were cultured in vitro and (95%O2+5%CO2) oxygen cultured 12 h after (95%N2+5%CO2) hypoxia cultured 4 h to establish the H/R model. The cells were divided into normal control group, H/R group, different concentrations (1, 10, 100 μg/L) BDNF pretreatment in H/R groups and TrkB-inhibitor group (with 100 μg/L BDNF and 1∶1 000 TrkB inhibitor pre-treatment in H/R group). The cell survival rate was measured by MTT method in different groups. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content and activity were detected after H/R injury. The apoptotic rate of H9c2 myocardial cells were detected by flow cytometry, and the expressions of TrkB, Bcl-2 and Bax protein were detected by Western blot assay. Results Compared with the normal control group, the survival rate of H9c2 myocardial cells was decreased significantly in H/R model group (P < 0.05), LDH, CK and MDA contents were increased and SOD activity was decreased (P < 0.05). The cell apoptosis rate was increased significantly (P < 0.05). The antiapoptosis Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased, pro-apoptosis Bax protein expression was increased in H/R model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the H/R model group, the cell survival rates of H9c2 myocardial cells were increased after pre-treatment with different concentrations of BDNF (P < 0.05); LDH, CK and MDA contents were decreased and SOD activity were increased respectively (P < 0.05). The cell apoptotic rates were decreased (P < 0.05). The expressions of TrkB receptor and Bcl-2 protein gradually increased, while the expression of Bax protein was gradually decreased (P < 0.05). The role of BDNF was inhibited by TrkB inhibitor. Conclusion BDNF pre-treatment can promote the cell survival rate of H9c2 myocardial cells after H/R injury, which plays a protective role by inhibiting the cell apoptotic rate and maintaining antioxidant capacity, and associates with BDNF-TrkB signaling pathways. Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of isoliquiritigenin on invasive ability of human gastric carcinoma SGC7901 cells LIU Fangkang， NIU Qiong, WANG Aili, JIA Xingfang， HU Yingbin， LIU Chengxia 2015, 43 (11):  1267-1270.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.012 Abstract ( 657 )   PDF (528KB) ( 3815 )   Objective To investigate the effects of isoliquiritigenin on the invasive ability of human gastric carcinoma SGC7901 cells, and its molecular mechanisms thereof. Methods The logarithmic phase human gastric carcinoma SGC7901 cells were divided into control group (normal cell culture fluid) and isoliquiritigenin group (isoliquiritigenin soluble in cell culture fluid, the concentrations were 10, 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L respectively). Each group had four repeated holes. The proliferation of SGC7901 cells were detected with MTT assay after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of culture. The experimental drug concentration and action time were researched for the subsequent experiments. The in vitro invasion abilities of SGC7901 cells were assessed with Transwell test. The expression levels of MMP9, Akt and P-Akt were detected by Western blot assay. Results The proliferation of SGC7901 cells were inhibited by 10 μmol/L isoliquiritigenin, which can be significantly inhibited by 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L isoliquiritigenin in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. The half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 24, 48 and 72 h were 52.48, 44.49 and 32.50 μmol/L, respectively. Therefore, the 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L isoliquiritigenin were selected as the subsequent experimental drug concentration, and 24 h was used as the action time. Compared with the control group (209.75±9.29), the membrane cell number of 25 μmol/L (138.50±10.15), 50 μmol/L (89.50±16.56) and 100 μmol/L (45.00±8.08) decreased gradually (F=267.948， P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression level of Akt protein between four groups (F=1.492). The expression levels of P-Akt and MMP9 were gradually decreased with the increase of the isoliquirigenin concentration (F=359.219 and 431.324， P < 0.05). Conclusion Isoliquiritigenin can obviously inhibit invasion ability of SGC7901 cells, which may be related to the down regulation of the signal transduction pathway protein PI3K/Akt and the down steam protein MMP9. Related Articles | Metrics

Experimental Study

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Protective effects of hydrogen sulfide on acute spinal cord injury in rats SUN Ping,FAN Zhongkai,LI Haotian, WANG Jiquan, ZHAO Xingchang, LI Gang, LYU Gang 2015, 43 (11):  1271-1274.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.013 Abstract ( 595 )   PDF (439KB) ( 3676 )   Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide on autophagy and the apoptosis after acute spinal cord injury in rats. Methods Thirty-six adult male SD rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into three groups (n=12 for each group): sham operation group (Sham group), spinal cord injury group (Model group) and hydrogen sulfide pre-treatment group (H2S group). Allen’ s method was used to establish the rat model of spinal cord injury. Rats of sham operation group received only laminectomy. Rats of H2S group received sodium hydrosulphide injection intraperitoneally (50 μmol/kg) 1h after spinal cord injury, and Model group was given the same amount of saline solution. Rats in the three groups were sacrificed 24 h after spinal cord injury, then the spinal cord was removed. The expressions of LC3, p70S6K and Cleaved caspase-3 were detected by Western blot assay. The expression of LC3 was also detected by immunofluorescence. The cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL stain. Results Compared with Sham group, the expression levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰand Cleaved caspase3 were increased in Model group, but the expression of p70S6K decreased and cell apoptosis increased in Model group (P <0.01). Compared with Model group, the expression levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰand Cleaved caspase-3 were decreased significantly, while the expression of p70S6K increased and cell apoptosis decreased significantly in H2S group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Hydrogen sulfide can inhibit autophagy and reduce cell apoptosis after acute spinal cord injury in rats. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The study of transfection through perfusing bladder of guinea pig with lentivirus WEI Yanqing， WANG Jiangping， WANG Qinzhang, QIAN Biao, Ding Guofu 2015, 43 (11):  1275-1277.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.014 Abstract ( 549 )   PDF (354KB) ( 4005 )   Objective To observe the effects of green fluorescence protein mediated by lentivirus in bladder, and to determine the amount of virus obtained good transfection effects. Methods lentivirus carring GFP gene was perfused using transurethral approach into bladder of guinea pigs. Samples of bladder, liver, kidney and lungs were collected for frozen sections after feeding seven days. The distribution of green fluorescence was observed using laser confocal microscopy. Results The titer of lentivirus was 4×108. GFP was found under the mucosa when the amount of lentivirus transurethral was 30 μL. GFP was distributed widely in muscle layer using 40 μL lentivirus. GFP was detected even stronger in muscle layer when the amount was 50 μL. GFP was found in muscle layer when 25 μL lentivirus was injected intravenously. GFP was not found in other tissues than in bladder via transurethral perfusion. There was higher GFP in liver, lungs and other organs than in bladder via intravenous injection. Conclusion Lentivirus can mediate GFP transfecting bladder of guinea pig successfully and escape the distribution of GFP all over the body intravenously, which will bring new research direction and method for clinical treatment of diseases in bladder. Related Articles | Metrics

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The anti-tumor effect of Coix stalk alcohol extraction on H22 tumor-bearing mice HUANG Tingzhang, LI Yuanhui, GUO Shengqi, LU Shanshan, QI Liangyu, FENG Xueping, HUANG Suoyi 2015, 43 (11):  1278-1281.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.015 Abstract ( 709 )   PDF (347KB) ( 4165 )   Objective To study the anti-tumor effects of alcohol extraction of Coix stalk objects on H22 tumor-bearing mice. Methods The animal model of tumor bearing mice with H22 ascitic tumor cells was established. Eighty-four model mice were randomly and equally divided into Coix stalk extract groups 1-5 (10, 8, 6, 4 and 2 g/kg), model control group and cyclophosphamide group. Mice were treated orally with Coix stalk alcohol extraction solution (10, 8, 6, 4 and 2 g/kg), cyclophosphamide 0.02 g/kg and normal saline once a day for 8 days for Coix stalk extract group, cyclophosphamide group and model control group. The mouse activity, the size and the appearance of time of abdominal swelling, and changes of hair, feeding and drinking water quantity were observed in groups of mice. The solid tumor mass was measured in H22 tumor-bearing mice. The tumor inhibitory rate, liver index, spleen index and thymus index were calculated. Results The axillary tumor muster was found first in model control group with the fastest growth, reduced independent activity, decreased appetite and dim in hair color, followed by the Coix stalk extract group 1 and group 2. The last was Coix stalk extract group 5 and cyclophosphamide group. The solid tumor mass were (0.47±0.18), (0.37±0.13), (0.34±0.10), (0.30±0.11) and (0.28±0.09) mg for Coix stalk alcohol extract groups 1-5, which were significantly lower than those of model control group (0.60 mg±0.21 mg, F=5.700， P＜0.05). The tumor inhibition rates were 21.67%, 38.33%, 43.33%, 50.00%, 53.33% and 60.00% in Coix stalk extract groups 1-5 and cyclophosphamide group. The liver index, spleen index and thymus index were lower in cyclophosphamide group and Coix stalk alcohol extract groups than those of model control group (except for the spleen index of Coix stalk extract group 1). The liver index was lower in Coix stalk ethanol extract groups than that of cyclophosphamide group. There were no significant differences in the spleen index, thymus index between Coix stalk ethanol extract groups and cyclophosphamide group. Conclusion Coix stalk alcohol extract has inhibitory effects on the tumor and liver damage in H22 mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the mechanism of apoptosis of mouse kidney cells in dietary zinc deficiency during the growth period TIAN Juan, GUO Fang， LI Xiaoming 2015, 43 (11):  1281-1283.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.016 Abstract ( 513 )   PDF (476KB) ( 3812 )   Objective To observe the cell apoptosis, oxidative stress reaction and expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in kidney of dietary zinc deficiency mice during growth period, and discuss the mechanism of renal cell apoptosis induced by zinc deficiency. Methods Thirty weaning male mice were randomly divided into zinc-deficient group and zincadequate group, and 15 mice for each group. Zinc-deficient group was fed with zinc deficiency diet (0.85 mg/kg), while zinc-adequate group was fed with enough zinc diet (30 mg/kg). The TUNEL method was applied to observe the cell apoptosis, and the apoptotic index was measured. The content of SOD and MDA were detected to observe the oxidative stress reaction in kidney. The expression levels of Bcl- 2 and Bax protein were detected by Western blot assay. Results Compared with zinc- adequate group, the cell apoptosis and oxidative stress reaction were increased in zinc-deficient group. The expression of Bcl- 2 decreased, and the expression of Bax increased. The ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax declined in kidney of zinc deficiency mice. Conclusion Diet zinc deficiency in growth period may result in the decreased antioxidase, the increased oxidative stress reaction, and the changed Bcl-2 and Bax expression, which promote the occurrence of cell apoptosis in kidney. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of focal ischemic preconditioning on the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in ischemia hippocampus CA1 region after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats#br# ZHANG Huiling， LI Shiying， LI Zheng, ZHANG Jinxia, HE Yonggui, LIU Bin 2015, 43 (11):  1284-1288.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.017 Abstract ( 530 )   PDF (392KB) ( 3783 )   Objective To observe the changes of ischemic preconditioning on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ischemia hippocampus CA1 region after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats, and the mechanisms of brain protection from brain ischemia preconditioning (BIP) thereof. Methods The male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham operation (SO) group， middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group and brain ischemia preconditioning (BIP) group. The MCAO group and BIP group were further divided into six subgroups according to perfusion time after I/R including 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The ischemia preconditioning model rats were established. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay were used to observe the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in ischemia hippocampal CA1 region. Results Neurological function deficit was not observed in SO group. Compared with MCAO group, there was a lower neurological function deficit score in BIP group. In MCAO group and BIP group, the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF positive cells and protein increased at 2 h after I/R, then gradually increased from 6 h to12 h and reached the maximum level at 24 h, then gradually decreased. The levels were still higher at 72 h than those of SO group. The number of HIF-1α and VEGF positive cells and protein were significantly increased in MCAO group and BIP group than that of SO group (P < 0.05). The number of HIF-1α positive cells was higher in BIP group than that in MCAO group except 2 h and 6 h reperfusion groups. The expression of VEGF positive cells, HIF-1α and VEGF protein were significantly higher in BIP group than those in MCAO group at different time points (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ischemic preconditioning plays a protective role in brain, which may be related to up-regulation of HIF-1α and VEGF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-tumor effects of lycium barbarum polysaccharide on pancreatic cancer cells by polarization of macrophages#br# YANG Qing, BAI Guang, WANG Wei, BAO Cuifen, ZHAI Zhenhua 2015, 43 (11):  1288-1291.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.018 Abstract ( 803 )   PDF (1793KB) ( 4138 )   Objective To explore the effects of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on restraining the mouse pancreatic cancer cells LTPA by the polarization of macrophages to type 1 macrophages (M1). Methods LTPA tumor model of the subcutaneous CB-17SCID mice was constructed. Model mice were randomly divided into tumorbearing model group (n=10) and LBP treatment group (n=10). The LBP treatment group was fed 10mg/kg LBP every day, and the tumor-bearing model group was fed the same dose of normal saline. The same amount of macrophages Raw264.7 was randomly divided into the control group and experimental groups (different concentrations of LBP). MTT assay was used to detect the optical density (OD) of Raw264.7 in experimental groups and control group. ELISA was used to detect the levels of the interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 in experimental group (LBP was 100 mg/L) and the control group. Flow cytometry was used to test the levels of the membrane protein CD16/32 and CD206 in experimental group (LBP was 100 mg/L) and the control group. The tumor mass was weighted and the volume was calculated after three weeks. The effects of LBP on the growth of subcutaneous tumor were detected. HE staining and KI-67 staining were used to detect the microscopic changes of tumor and the proliferation of the LTPA. Results The dose of 100 mg/L LBP can promote the growth of the macrophages Raw264.7 (P < 0.01), and induced the high expression of CD16/32 and low expression of CD206, high secretion of IL- 12 and low secretion of IL- 10. The weight, volume of the tumor and the expression of KI-67 were significantly lower in experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The microscopic necrosis area range of tumor was larger than that of control group. Conclusion The LBP has the effect of restraining LTPA by the polarization of macrophages to M1. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Sanhuangtangshenkang particles on expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in bone tissue of T2DM rats#br# WANG Guan, WANG Jingyi， XI Yue 2015, 43 (11):  1292-1295.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.019 Abstract ( 625 )   PDF (328KB) ( 3932 )   Objective To observe the effects of Sanhuangtangshenkang particles on the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 in bone tissue of type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rat model. Methods There were seven groups of rats in this study. Ten female Wistar rats were used as control. Ten rats were established for osteoporosis model, and fifty rats were established for diabetic model. Fifty diabetic model rats were further divided into model control group, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prevention group (high-dose TCM group, low-dose TCM group) and Western medicine group, with 10 rats for each group. All rats were given the corresponding intervention for 20 weeks. Automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to determine fasting blood glucose (FBG). ELISA was used to detect serum TNF-α and IL-6. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess bone density. Real-time PCR was used to appraise the mRNA of TNF-α and IL-6 in bone tissue. Western blot assay was used to measure protein expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in bone tissue. Results Compared with osteoporosis model group, bone density was significantly increased, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, the mRNA and protein expression level of IL-6 were significantly decreased in bone tissue of TCM groups and Western medicine group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of TNF-α mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in bone tissue of in high-dose TCM prevention group and Western medicine group (P < 0.05). Compared with the diabetic model group, the serum levels of FBG, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased in TCM groups and Western medicine group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of TNF-α mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in high-dose TCM prevention group and Western medicine group (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6 were significantly decreased in lowdose TCM prevention group and Western medicine group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 are increased in serum and bone tissue of diabetic rats. Sanhuangtangshenkang particles can improve the inflammatory state to play prevention and therapeutic effect on diabetic rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of ezetimibe and simvastatin on transient outward potassium current in ischemiareperfused ventricular myocytes in rats ZHANG Kun, LI Guangping, LI Jian, CHENG Lijun, YANG Wansong, CHEN Yanxun 2015, 43 (11):  1296-1299.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.020 Abstract ( 750 )   PDF (593KB) ( 3995 )   Objective To observe the impact of alone or combined use of ezetimibe and simvastatin on transient outward potassium current (Ito) in ventricular myocytes of rat model of ischemia and reperfusion (IR). Methods Seventy-five male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, control group (CON), control-IR group (CIR), ezetimibe treatment group (EIR), simvastatin treatment group (SIR) and combined ezetimibe and simvastatin treatment group (ESIR). After two weeks of treatment with intragastic normal saline or drugs (ezetimibe or simvastatin), myocytes were isolated from right ventricular with collagenase Ⅱ, and Ito was recorded by whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results (1) The Ito current density at +60 mV was significantly decreased in CIR group than that of CON group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in Ito current density between SIR group and ESIR group (P＞0.05). The Ito current densities were higher in SIR group and ESIR group compared to those of CIR group. There was no significant difference in Ito current density between SIR group and ESIR group (P＞0.05). (2) There was a significant increase in the half-inactivation (V1/2) in CIR group than that of CON group, but no significant difference between EIR group and CIR group (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the half-inactivation (V1/2) in SIR group and ESIR group compared to that of CIR group (P＜0.05), but no significant difference between SIR group and ESIR group (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in the slope factor (K) between five groups (P＞0.05). (3) The time-constant (τ) of Ito recovery curves from inactivation was significantly higher in CIR group than that of CON group (P＜0.05), which was no significant difference between EIR group and CIR group (P＞0.05). There was a significant difference in the time-constant (τ) of Ito recovery curves from inactivation in SIR group and ESIR group compared to that of CIR group (P＜0.05), but no significant difference between SIR group and ESIR group (P＞0.05). Conclusion Simvastatin pre-treatment or ezetimibe +simvastatin pre-treatment can reverse the effect of IR on Ito of ventricular myocytes, but ezetimibe shows no such effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of crocetin on Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS signaling pathway in myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury of isolated rat hearts WANG Yaguang,WANG Peng, TAO Guizhou, HUANG Jianhua 2015, 43 (11):  1300-1303.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.021 Abstract ( 630 )   PDF (383KB) ( 4142 )   Objective To study the protective effects of crocetin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and their correlation with the signaling pathway of serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β/nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Methods Forty healthy SD rats were divided into normal group (N), ischemia reperfusion group (IR) and 5, 10 and 15 mg/L of crocetin groups (CRO1, CRO2 and CRO3) by random number table method. The values of heart rate (HR), coronary flow (CF) and left ventricular pressure measurement (LVDP, LV+dp/dtmax, LV-dp/dtmax) 30 minutes after reperfusion were compared between five groups. TTC staining was used to detect the infarct volume. Spectrophotometric method was used to determinate the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK-MB). The levels of Akt, the phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt), GSK-3β, phosphorylation of GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β), eNOS and phosphorylation of eNOS (p-NOS) were detected by Western blot assay. Results The HR, CF, LVDP, LV+dp/dtmax and LV - dp/dtmax were significantly lower 30 min after reperfusion in IR group than those of N group and crocetin groups (P < 0.05). The myocardial infarction area was bigger in IR group than that of crocetin groups. The expression levels of LDH and CK-MB were significantly higher in IR group than those of N group and crocetin groups (P < 0.05). The reperfusion index was higher in CRO3 group than that of CRO1 group. The infarction area, LDH and CK-MB expressions were significantly decreased in CRO3 group than those of CRO1 group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in expressions of Akt, GSK-3β and eNOS between IR group, N group and crocetin groups. But p-Akt, p-GSK-3β and p-NOS were significantly decreased in IR group than those of N group and crocetin groups. The p-Akt, p-GSK-3β and p-NOS were significantly increased in CRO3 group than those of CRO1 group (P < 0.05)。Conclusion Crocetin has protective effects on myocrdial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, which may be involved in the enhancing the phosphorylation of signalling pathway of Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Study

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The significance of detecting serum DJ-1 protein combined with CA125 in epithelial ovarian tumors WANG Weiming, CAI Zhihui, LIU Jin, Liang Yijuan, Ma Youju, LIU Hui 2015, 43 (11):  1304-1306.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.022 Abstract ( 635 )   PDF (371KB) ( 3938 )   Objective To explore the diagnostic value of detecting serum DJ-1 protein combined with CA125 for epithelial ovarian tumors. Methods Double antibody sandwich method and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay were used to determine the serum levels of DJ-1 protein and CA125 in 82 cases of epithelial ovarian tumors and 80 non-ovarian tumor cases (control group). The clinical significance of detecting serum DJ-1 protein combined with CA125 was analyzed. Results The expression levels of DJ-1 and CA125 were significantly higher in ovarian tumor group than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The critical value of serum DJ-1 was 6.800 μg/L and 6.965 μg/L in ovarian cancer group compared with the control group and non-ovarian tumor group. The sensitivity of combined detection of DJ-1 and CA125 was higher than that of any marker alone. Conclusion The detecting serum levels of DJ-1 combined with CA125 are helpful to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, which can be a good marker of ovarian cancer and may improve the early diagnosis rate of ovarian cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study on combined urine biomarker detection in kidney injury of child CMV infection#br# LIU Zhufeng, ZHANG Bili, WANG Wenhong, ZHANG Xuan, FAN Shuying, LI Li, LIU Yan, LIU Zhe 2015, 43 (11):  1307-1310.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.023 Abstract ( 525 )   PDF (343KB) ( 3815 )   Objective To explore changes of urine transferrin (TFR)， micro albumin (mALb), β2 microspheres protein (MG), α1MG and N- acetyl β-D amino group (NAG) in children with kidney injury induced by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and the outcome after treatment. Methods Fifty children with CMV infection were used as case group, and 35 children of convalescence stage of upper respiratory tract infection were used as control group. The serum levels of creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), β2MG, liver function, CMV-IgM, CMV-PCR and brainstem auditory (BAEP), head CT and urine routine test, urine TFR, mALb, β2MG, α2MG and NAG were detected. The sputum CMV-PCR was detected if children combined with CMV pneumonia. Ganciclovir (5mg/kg) was given to two groups, 1/12 h i.v. for 14 d. The urine TFR， mALb, β2MG, α2MG and NAG were detected again after treatment. Results There were no significant differences in the urine mALb and TFR between the two groups. The urine levels of α1MG, NAG and β2MG were higher in case group than those of control group. The urine levels of α1MG, NAG and β2MG were decreased after 2-week treatment in case group. There were no significant differences in urine mALb and TFR before and after treatment. Conclusion The combined detection of β2MG, α1MG and NAG can predict CMV kidney damage in children at a early stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of FEZ1 and HIF-1α protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its prognosis ZHANG Jinhong， LIU Junying， LIU Jian， LIU Yueping 2015, 43 (11):  1311-1314.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.024 Abstract ( 877 )   PDF (1612KB) ( 3848 )   Objective To investigate the expressions of tumor suppressor gene FEZ1 and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)- 1α in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods A total of 146 specimens of OSCC and 80 normal oral mucosa were used to detect the expressions of FEZ1 and HIF-1α by immunohistochemistry. Thirty specimens of fresh OSCC tissues, 30 samples of the paracancerous tissues and 30 normal mucosa tissues were also included in the study. The relationship between the expressions of FEZ1 and HIF-1α, the clinicopathological features and the prognosis of the patients were analyzed. Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of FEZ1 and HIF-1α in 30 fresh OSCC tissues, 30 samples of the paracancerous tissues and 30 normal mucosa tissues. Results In OSCC tissues, the positive rate of FEZ1 protein (30.14%) was significantly lower than that in normal oral mucosa (81.25%), and the positive rate of HIF-1α protein (71.23%) was significantly higher than that in normal mucosa (12.50%，χ2=54.076 and 71.317, P < 0.01). There was a correlation between the expression of FEZ1 and clinical stage, tumor size and differentiation. The expression of HIF-1α was correlated with gender, lymph node metastasis, tumor size and differentiation. There was no significant difference in 5-year survival rate between positive and negative FEZ1 expression groups. The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in HIF- 1α positive expression group than that of HIF- 1α negative expressiongroup (P < 0.05). The expression level of FEZ1 was decreased by the sequences in normal oral mucosa, paracancerous tissue and OSCC (P < 0.01), but the expression level of HIF-1α was increased in turn (P < 0.01). Conclusion FEZ1 and HIF-1α may be involved in the occurrence and progress of OSCC. The expressions of FEZ1 and HIF-1α can be used as a reference for the biological behavior of OSCC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the relationship between characteristics of aneurysm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and its clinical classification#br# LIU Xiu， SUN Shengkai， CHEN Xiaochu， CHEN Xuyi， LIU Yang， FU Hao， QIN Zhizhen， ZHAO Lin， WANG Zhihong 2015, 43 (11):  1315-1318.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.025 Abstract ( 602 )   PDF (322KB) ( 3810 )   Objective To explore the relationship between the size and location of the aneurysm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and its clinical classification. Methods A retrospective study was performed in patients with aSAH from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2014. The relevant clinical data were collected including age, gender, aneurysm size, location, and Hunt-Hess (H-H) classification. The aneurysms were classified by size (A group d＜5.00 mm, B group 5.00 mm≤d＜10.00 mm, C group d≥10.00 mm), location and H-H classification according to the results of CT, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The relationship between size, position of aneurysm and H-H classification was observed and analyzed. Results There were 750 cases included in this study, with average age (56.14±11.88), male 292 and female 458. The total number of aneurysms was 903, and the number of multiple aneurysms was 91 (12.13%). There was one case with multiple aneurysms that can be included in A, B and C groups. There were two cases with multiple aneurysms that can be included in A and B groups, two cases can be included in A and C groups, and three cases can be included in B and C groups. The number of aneurysms and the ratios of groups A, B and C were 20 (3.9%), 12 (3.8%), 5 (7.5%), 70 (13.6%), 39 (12.2%), 10(14.9%), 2 (0.4%), 4 (1.3%), 2 (3.0%), 165 (32.0%), 94 (29.4%), 6(9.0%), 130 (25.2%), 90 (28.1%), 6 (9.0%), 17 (3.3%), 11 (3.4%) and 2 (3.0%) for the location in the anterior cerebral artery, the middle cerebral artery, the posterior cerebral artery, the internal carotid artery, the anterior communicating artery, the posterior communicating artery, and the vertebral basilar artery, respectively. The number of aneurysms and the ratios of H-H classificationⅠ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ， Ⅳand Ⅴin groups A, B and C were 48 (9.3%), 45 (14.1%), 12 (17.9%), 228 (44.2%), 150 (46.9%), 14 (20.9%), 68 (13.2%), 54 (16.9%), 30 (44.8%), 142 (27.5%), 43 (13.4%), 9 (13.4%), 30 (5.8%), 28 (8.8%) and 2 (3.0%). There was a negative correlation between the size of aneurysm and the H-H grade (rs=-0.075, P=0.024). Conclusion The anterior communicating artery and posterior communicating artery are high-risk areas for smaller aneurysms. The internal carotid artery is high-risk areas for larger aneurysms. The size of aneurysm is negatively correlated with H-H classification. Related Articles | Metrics

Applied Essay

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The diagnostic value of copeptin combined with cardiac troponin in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction#br# LI Weining, WEI Dianjun, NING Li 2015, 43 (11):  1319-1322.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.026 Abstract ( 822 )   PDF (347KB) ( 3812 )   Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of combined copeptin, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and high sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT) in determination of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A total of 152 patients with AMI were selected as AMI group and 143 healthy examinees during the same period were selected as control group. (1)The levels of copeptin, cTnI and hs-TnT were detected at 0, 4, 6 and 12 h in two groups. (2) The combined detection of cop/cTnI and cop/hs-TnT were studied. The positive rates of these items were evaluated at different time points of AMI. (3) The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of different cardiac biomarkers for AMI were compared. Results (1) There were significant differences in copeptin at 0, 4, 6 and 12 h between two groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in cTnI and hs- TnT between two groups. (2) cop/cTnI and cop/hs- TnT combined detection showed better positive rates than those of copeptin, cTnI or hs-TnT detection alone. (3) In addition, the combined detection of cop/cTnI and cop/cTnI improved significantly the diagnostic sensitivity of AMI. Compared to cop/cTnI combination, cop/hs-TnT combination detection showed better diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for AMI. Conclusion The combined detection of cop/cTnI and cop/hs-TnT are very helpful for early diagnosis of AMI, which shows a very good diagnostic value in clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of efficacy of comprehensive treatment in patients with chronic sinusitises QIU Xinfeng, HE Jingchuan, ZHAI Xiang 2015, 43 (11):  1322-1325.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.027 Abstract ( 666 )   PDF (423KB) ( 5074 )   Objective To assess clinical efficacy of comprehensive treatment on chronic sinusitises (CRS) with neutrophils infiltration and eosinophilic infiltration as pathological features. Methods A total of 256 CRS patients whose symptoms were not been improved after surgery (visual analog scale＞6， 3 months after surgery) were included in this study. Different comprehensive treatments were given to the patients according to the different types of cell infiltration. The visual analog scale (VAS), Lund-Kennedy and nasal histopathological examination were observed after treatment in patients. Results After different comprehensive treatments, the VAS and Lund-Kennedy were improved in patients with eosinophils infiltration, but the number of eosinophils was not reduced. The VAS, Lund-Kennedy and the number of neutrophils were significantly improved in patients with mainly neutrophils infiltration. Conclusion According to different immune pathological characteristics, patients of CRS should be given different comprehensive treatments. There is a obvious efficacy for patients with neutrophil infiltration. Related Articles | Metrics

Epidemiological Investigation

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Relationship between the Cx37 polymorphism of connexin gene and essential hypertension in Kazak and Han population in Xinjiang#br# LU Bihan, ZHANG Wenwen, SHI Wenyan, MA Ketao, LI Li, GUO Shuxia, SI Junqiang 2015, 43 (11):  1326-1330.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.028 Abstract ( 722 )   PDF (505KB) ( 3813 )   Objective To investigate the association of the Cx37 polymorphism of connexin gene with essential hypertension (EHT) in Xinjiang Han and Kazak population. Methods In Xinjiang region, 500 EHT patients (EHT group) were included in this study including Kazak 250 cases and Han 250 cases. Five hundred healthy volunteers (NT) were used as NT group including Kazak 250 cases and Han 250 cases. The values of age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and other general clinical features were compared between two groups. The polymorphism of Cx37 gene rs1630310, rs697372 and rs705193 SNP were compared between EHT and NT groups in the two ethnic groups. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was used to detect the representation, and differences of genotype frequencies and gene frequency were calculated in two groups of Kazak and Han groups. Results There were significant differences in BMI, SBP, DBP, apolipoprotein ratios and homocysteine between EHT group and NT group in Kazak and Han groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in genotype frequencies and gene frequencies of rs705193 between EHT and NT groups (P > 0.05). The differences of Kazak rs1630310 genotype and gene frequency were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The frequency of Kazak rs697372 locus genotype was not significantly different (P > 0.05), but the difference of gene frequency was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in rs1630310 and rs697372 locus genotype and gene frequency in two groups of Han group. Conclusion Cx37 gene polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of EHT in Xinjiang Kazak population, which may be related with the rs1630310 and rs697372 polymorphism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of adverse events following immunization in Tianjin (2011-2013) evaluated by active surveillance and passive surveillance#br# LI Yongcheng1， ZHANG Ying， GAO Zhigang， LIU Hongying， HU Qiang， HAN Yonggang, CHANG Limin 2015, 43 (11):  1330-1333.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.029 Abstract ( 750 )   PDF (302KB) ( 3572 )   Objective To analyze the occurrence features of the active surveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Tianjin, and evaluate the sensitivity of passive surveillance systems over the same period. Methods The layered eight vaccination clinics of four counties were selected as active surveillance points. The data of active surveillance AEFI were collected through telephone investigation in 2011-2013. The data of passive surveillance was collected through the national AEFI information management system. The descriptive methodology and chi square test were used. Results A total of 235 cases were collected through active surveillance in 2011-2013. The AEFI incidence rate was 718.70 per 100 000 doses， no difference in the incidence between three years（χ2=5.07). A total of 4164 cases were collected through passive surveillance. The incidence rate was 34.09 per 100 000 doses， the incidence increased year by year（χ2=572.02， P < 0.05). In active surveillance cases, 95.32% was the common vaccine reaction, 3.83% was the rare vaccine reaction, no serious vaccine reaction. In passive surveillance cases, the common vaccine reaction, the rare vaccine reaction were 85.09% and 13.32%. The serious vaccine reaction was found in 44 cases. Conclusion The more slightly common vaccine reaction can be found by active surveillance. The sensitivity of Tianjin passive surveillance system is increasing year by year, which can meet the requirements for job. The classification and diagnostic criteria of the serious vaccine reaction need to be established. Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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MicroRNA and hepatic fibrosis of biliary atresia WEI Yuanyuan， ZHAN Jianghua 2015, 43 (11):  1334-1338.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.030 Abstract ( 658 )   PDF (364KB) ( 3802 )   Biliary atresia (BA), an inflammatory sclerosing cholangiopathy, is the leading cause of cholestasis in infants. Pathologic features of BA include progressive inflammation and intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct fibrosis. BA is characterized by rapid liver fibrosis. The activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is most important in liver fibrosis. Many mechanisms are involved in this process. miRNA can promote the activation of HSC through a variety of signaling pathways by regulating the expression of target gene, then playing a regulatory role in the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). A lot of literatures show that PI3K/Akt is closely related to the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the activation of HSC proliferation and apoptosis. MiRNA activates PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through various target genes, and then activates HSC to promote the development of liver fibrosis. In this paper, the miRNA related to biliary atresia of liver fibrosis is summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of regulation mechanism of MDMX and CK1α in p53 tumor suppressor protein WEI Xi， ZHANG Sheng， GAO Ming 2015, 43 (11):  1338-1341.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.031 Abstract ( 794 )   PDF (302KB) ( 4040 )   As a tumor suppressor, p53 is activated by numerous cellular and environmental signals, and plays a critical role in the cell cycle regulation, cell apoptosis and senenscence. The murine double minute (MDM)2 and double minute murine 4 (MDMX) are two important regulators. MDMX is a p53 binding protein with strong sequence homology to MDM2, but lacks ubiquitin ligase activity, and which is unable to target p53 for proteasomal degradation. MDMX regulates p53 activity through its binding with p53 and its postranscriptional modification. MDMX in the closed and open structure binds to p53 to regulate its activity. As the main partner of MDMX, casein kinase 1 alpha (CK1α) disrupts the intramolecular binding in MDMX in the cooperation to regulate p53 activity. The process of MDMX and CK1α in the regulation of p53 is multi-step and complicated. In this paper the mechanism of MDMX and CK1α in the regulation of p53 protein was reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of IL-17+ Foxp3+ T cells ZHAO Hua, LI Hui, REN Xiubao 2015, 43 (11):  1342-1344.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.11.032 Abstract ( 784 )   PDF (302KB) ( 4799 )   Recently, it is reported that regulatory T cells (Tregs) can be reprogrammed into a novel population [interleukin (IL)-17+ Foxp3+ T cells] phenotypically and functionally resembling Th17 cells under complicated cytokine circumstances. IL-17+ Foxp3+ T cells are characterized by production of IL-17 and expression of retinoic acid receptor related orphan receptor (ROR)γt, demonstrating dual functions in immune response and providing novel insight into the interconnection between Tregs and Th17 cells. In this review, we lay emphasis on the phenotype features, origination, differentiation and the pleiotropic functions of IL-17+ Foxp3+ T cells. Furthermore, we summarized the functions of IL-17+ Foxp3+ T cells in inflammatory disease and tumor microenvironment. Related Articles | Metrics