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15 December 2016, Volume 44 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on the regulation of ERα on NK1R-Tr in breast cancer cells LIU Xiaobin, TONG Yingna, ZHANG Lufang, ZHOU Yunli 2016, 44 (12):  1409-1413.  doi: 10.11958/20161193 Abstract ( 889 )   PDF (737KB) ( 3917 )   Abstract: Objective To analyze the regulation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) on truncated neurokinin- 1 receptor (NK1R-Tr), and the influence of this regulation on cell proliferation in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines. Methods The chromatin immune coprecipitation (CHIP) was used to observe the transcriptional regulation function of ERα on NK1R- Tr in breast cancer cells. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify whether ERα played a positive regulatory role in the expression of NK1R-Tr. Western blot assay and real-time-PCR were used to detect the expression of ERα and NK1R-Tr in breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and T47D, as well as the expression of NK1R-Tr protein and mRNA level. NK1R- Tr levels were also detected after using estradiol (E2, ERα agonist) and small interfering RNA (knock out ERα). CCK- 8 and clone formation experimen were used to detect the proliferation ability of breast cancer cells after knocking out NK1R-Tr with small interfering RNAs. Results CHIP test and Luciferase reporter gene assay proved that ERα can positively regulate the expression of NK1R- Tr via the ERα sequences in the upstream of the NK1R- Tr gene promoter. The expression of NK1R-Tr at both protein level and mRNA level dropped in the estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 upon knocking out ERα. After knocking out NK1R-Tr, the proliferation ability of estrogen receptor- positive breast cancer cells was lower than that of the control group. Conclusion The ERα positively regulates the expression of NK1R-Tr, resulting in the increased cell proliferation in estrogen positive breast cancer cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of OSAS model IH on the expressions of YAP and P-YAP in lung cancer cell lines XUE Zhen1,LI Lian1,REN Fangyuan1,JIANG Fangxin2,CHEN Baoyuan1,CAO Jie1△ 2016, 44 (12):  1414-1417.  doi: 10.11958/20161061 Abstract ( 1042 )   PDF (379KB) ( 4031 )   Abstract：Objective To explore the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), OSAS- like intermittent hypoxia (IH）on the expression levels of P -YAP and YAP in A549 lung cancer cell lines. Methods A549 cells were treated with IH exposure ( exposed to 5% O2 for 300 seconds and 21% O2 for 300 seconds) for 1, 3 and 6 h (IH1, IH3, IH6) or normoxia exposure (N group). Quantificational real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of YAP. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression levels of YAP and P-YAP. Results The mRNA expression levels of YAP were significantly increased with the increase of IH exposure time points in IH1 (2.50±0.18), IH3 (4.07±0.25) and IH6 (9.18±0.58) groups than those in N group (1.00±0.01) (all P＜0.05). The protein expression levels of YAP were significantly increased with the increase of IH exposure time points in IH1, IH3 and IH6 groups than those in N group. The protein expression levels of P-YAP were significantly decreased with the increase of IH exposure time points in IH1, IH3 and IH6 groups than those in N group. Conclusion YAP cell signaling plays an important role in the process of OSAS-like IH induced tumor development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the carvacrol induced apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cell line H1299 LUO Lei, WANG Yongkun, LI Shikang△ 2016, 44 (12):  1418-1422.  doi: 10.11958/20160597 Abstract ( 828 )   PDF (700KB) ( 3924 )   Abstract：Objective To study whether carvacrol can cause apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line NCI-H1299, and explore its possible molecular mechanism. Methods NCI-H1299 cells were treated with different concentrations of carvacrol (20, 40, 60 and 80 μmol/L) for 24 or 48 h. The viability of cells was evaluated by MTT assay, apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) and the effect of carvacrol on metastasis of NCI-H1299 was analyzed by Transwell assay. The expression level of caspase-9, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were detected by quantitative realtime-PCR and Western blot assay. Results After treatment with carvacrol, the viability of NCI-H1299 cells was suppressed dramatically (P<0.05), without dose-dependent manner (P>0.05). After being incubated with carvacrol for 24 h, FCM analysis indicated that carvacrol effectively induced apoptosis in NCI-H1299 cells (P<0.05), without dose-dependent manner (P>0.05). The ability of invasion was decreased (40.67±3.63 vs. 76.00±5.78). Carvacrol inhibited the protein and mRNA expression levels of caspase-9, but increased the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 (P＜0.05). Conclusion Carvacrol can induce apoptosis of NCI-H1299 cells and inhibit their invasion, which may be associated with up-regulation of caspase- 9 expression and down-regulation of MMP-9 expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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Glutamine regulates the proliferation and survival of small cell lung cancer H446 cells XU Pengyu, LI Jiayin, MIAO Yajing, GAO Cuicui, SHEN Yao, JIN Fang, QIU Xiaofei △ 2016, 44 (12):  1423-1427.  doi: 10.11958/20160592 Abstract ( 1157 )   PDF (699KB) ( 3838 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of glutamine (Gln) on proliferation and survival of small cell lung cancer H446 cells, and further to explore the potential mechanism. Methods The proliferation of H446 cells was detected at different time points (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h) by CCK-8 assay in Gln (+) group and Gln (-) group, and an optimal time was selected. Under the optimal time, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, CellTiter-Glo® assay kit and flow cytometer were used to detect cell survival, cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Gln (-) group was used as the control group, under the condition of Gln deficiency, cellular ATP, cell proliferation and survival were detected after adding oxaloacetic acid (OAA) or dimethyl- α- ketoglutarate (DM- αKG). Gln (- ) group was used as the control group, cellular ROS, cell proliferation, colony and survival were detected after treated with ROS scavenger N- acetyl cysteine (NAC). With different concentrations (0, 2, 5, 10 μmol/L) of glutaminase inhibitor BPTES, the optimal concentration was selected through the colony assay. The cellular ATP and ROS levels and cell proliferation were detected under the optimal concentration. H446 cells were treated with bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES), ROS inducer hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or the combination of them, and cell survival ratio was compared between two groups. Results The proliferation levels of H446 cells at 24, 48, which were decreased most significantly in 72 h in Gln (-) group. When 72 h was used as the optimal time, the cell survival ratio and ATP level were decreased, and the ROS level was increased, in Gln (-) group compared with those of Gln (+) group (P＜0.05). There was a higher survival ratio in H446 cells in Gln (-)+OAA group and Gln (-) +DM-αKG group than that of Gln (-) group (P＜0.05), but there were no significant differences in cell proliferation and ATP levels between Gln (-) group, Gln (-)+OAA group and Gln (-)+DM-αKG group. The ROS level was reduced, the cell proliferation, colony level and survival ratio were increased in Gln (-)+NAC group compared with those of Gln (-) group (P＜0.05). Cloning assay showed that 10 μmol/L was the optional concentration. Under this concentration, the proliferation and ATP level were decreased in Gln(+)+BPTES group (P＜0.05), and cellular ROS level was up- regulated compared with Gln(+ ) group. The survival ratio was significantly lower in BPTES + H2O2 group compared with BPTES (+) group or H2O2 (+) group. Conclusion Glutamine deficiency inhibits the proliferation and survival ratio of H446 cells through enhancing ROS level. BPTES and H2O2 show synergistically inhibitory effect on the survival of H446 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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The protective effects of different doses of apocynin on intestines of rats with severe acute pancreatitis XU Sheng1△, DENG Wenhong2,SUN Rongze2,GUO Wenyi 2,WANG Weixing2△ 2016, 44 (12):  1428-1431.  doi: 10.11958/20160895 Abstract ( 739 )   PDF (910KB) ( 3598 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the optimal dose of apocynin to protect severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and SAP caused intestinal injury in rats. Methods A total of 53 SPF male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: sham operation group (SO group, n=10), SAP group (n=12), low-dose apocynin group (25 mg/kg， n=11), medium-dose apocynin group (50 mg/kg， n=10) and high-dose apocynin group (100 mg/kg， n=10). SAP model was prepared by retrograde infusing 5% sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg) into biliopancreatic duct of rat. At thirty minutes before modeling, apocynin was injected into rat to intervention. The survival condition was recorded at 12 h after modeling, and blood samples were obtained for detecting serum amylase (AMY), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr). Pancreatic and ileal tissue samples were obtained for HE staining and pathological examination. Results Two rats died in SAP group and one died in low-dose apocynin group. The quantity of ascites, the levels of AMY, ALT, Cr and pancreatic and intestinal pathologic scores were significantly increased in SAP group than those in SO group (P < 0.05). Except the levels of Cr and intestinal pathologic score, there was no significant difference between low- dose apocynin group and SAP group. The quantity of ascites ascites, levels of AMY, Cr and pancreatic and intestinal pathologic scores were significantly lower in medium-dose and high-dose apocynin groups than those in SAP group (P < 0.05). The levels of ALT and Cr were significantly higher in high-dose apocynin group than those of medium-dose apocynin group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Apocynin improves SAP symptoms and reduces SAP caused intestinal injury in rats, which may be related to the inhibition of NOX activity, and 50 mg/kg of apocynin is the optimal dose. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of glucocorticoids on maxillary bone mineral density in rat model of adriamycin-induced nephropathy HOU Xiaoyan, LI Xiaoying, GUO Lele, MA Ming, GUO Yi, PENG Cheng△ 2016, 44 (12):  1432-1435.  doi: 10.11958/20160555 Abstract ( 855 )   PDF (421KB) ( 4036 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate effects of glucocorticoids on maxillary bone mineral density in rats with acute adriamycin- induced nephrotoxicity (ADR). Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups, control group, glucocorticoids- treated group, ADR group and ADR + glucocorticoids- treated group. ADR group and ADR + glucocorticoids-treated group were given 4 mg/kg adriamycin injection via tail vein to establish ADR model. Control group and glucocorticoids- treated group were given 4 mg/kg saline injection via tail vein. After establishment of ADR model, glucocorticoids-treated group and ADR + glucocorticoids-treated group were intragastric administration of 30 mg/(kg ·d) methylprednisolone for 10 weeks, and control group and ADR group were given the same volumes of normal saline. Values of bone calcium pigment (BGP), type Ⅰ collagen, N- terminal pro- peptide (PINP), β-Ⅰ type collagen C- terminal cross- linked telopeptide (CTX) were detected by ELISA. The micro-CT scan was used to measure Tb.Th, Tb.Sp, Tb.N, BVF and bone mineral density (BMD). Results Compared with other three groups, the levels of BGP and PINP were significantly decreased, and CTX were significantly increased in ADR + glucocorticoids- treated group (P＜0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that there was significant maxillae osteoporosis, including changes of porous micro architecture, lower BMD, decreased BVF, lower Tb.Th and widening Tb.Sp in ADR + glucocorticoids- treated group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in Tb.N between four groups. Conclusion There is imbalanced bone metabolism in rat model of ADR. High-dose hormone therapy can accelerate the occurrence of osteoporosis, decrease bone metabolism, and affect bone structure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of fasudil on the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in cerebral cortex of rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage MIAO Chunming, SHEN Weigao, WANG Lei, WEI Dun△ 2016, 44 (12):  1436-1440.  doi: 10.11958/20160705 Abstract ( 749 )   PDF (974KB) ( 3731 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects of fasudil on expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in cerebral cortex of model rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods Thirty rats were divided into sham operation group, SAH group and SAH+ fasudil group, 10 rats in each group. Double injection of blood into occipital cistern method was used for SAH model in SAH group and SAH+ fasudil group. In the sham operation group, the blood injection was instead by normal saline. In the SAH+ fasudil group, at 30 min after the second injection of blood, rats were administrated with intraperitoneal injection of fasudil at a dose of 3 mg/kg. The general situation, neurological score, TUNEL staining for cortex cell apoptosis, immune histochemical staining and Western blotting assay for Bcl- 2 and Bax protein expression were compared 24 h after the operation between the three groups. Results Compared with the sham operation group, rats in SAH group and SAH + fasudil group appeared obvious neurological deficits. The neurological score was significantly lower in SAH group (2.68± 0.31) than that of sham operation group (5.00±0.00). The neurological score was significantly higher in SAH + fasudil group (3.27±0.35) compared with that of SAH group (2.68±0.31, P＜0.05). There was obvious cell apoptosis in SAH group and SAH + fasudil group, and the apoptosis was less in SAH + fasudil group than that of SAH group (P＜0.05). The level of Bcl- 2 expression was significantly lower in SAH group than that of sham operation group, and Bax expression was significantly higher in SAH group than that of sham operation group (P＜0.05). The level of Bcl-2 expression was significantly higher in SAH + fasudil group than that of SAH group, but Bax expression was significantly lower in SAH + fasudil group than that of SAH group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Fasudil can improve the neurological damage in rats with SAH, which may be related with the regulation of apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of anesthetic effects of propofol and etomidate in male SD rats SHI Fu, ZHANG Yi, YU Tian△ 2016, 44 (12):  1440-1442.  doi: 10.11958/20160625 Abstract ( 1283 )   PDF (334KB) ( 3864 )   Abstract: Objective To measure 95% effective doses (ED95) of propofol and etomidate by using up- down intravenous administration method, and compare the potency ratio and the anesthesia duration of them. Methods Twenty eight male SD rats were divided into two groups randomly: the propofol group and the etomidate group．Loss of righting reflex was regarded as the judgment index of unconsciousness. The dose-response curve was made according to the formula of Y=Ymin + (Ymax-Ymin) / [1 + 10log（ED50- X）× m ]. Values of ED95 of propofol and etomidate were calculated, and the anesthesia duration periods after administration of the two equivalent dose drugs were measured respectively. Results The values of ED95 were 9 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg for propofol and etomidate. The ED95 ratio for propofol and etomidate was 6. There was a significant difference in anesthesia duration between propofol group (465.6±18.5)s and etomidate group (233.7±9.3)s (P＜ 0.05). Conclusion The anesthesia duration of propofol is longer than that of etomidate, taking the ED95 as equivalent dose. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of different doses of butylphthalide on Nrf-2 expression in mouse model with unilateral ureteral obstruction CAO Yifu1,WANG Xiufen2△, WANG Tianzhi 1,XIE Kun3,LIU Cuihong1,LI Ying2 2016, 44 (12):  1443-1446.  doi: 10.11958/20160533 Abstract ( 941 )   PDF (1087KB) ( 3580 )   Abstract：Objective To explore the impact of different doses of butylphthalide on renal interstitial fibrosis in mice with obstructive nephropathy, and to discuss the correlation between Nrf- 2 expression level and renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods Totally 72 male CD-1 mice of clean grade were selected and randomly assigned into 4 groups: sham operation group (Sham), model group (UUO), low dose of butylphthalide group (NBPL) and high dose of butylphthalide group (NBPH). In addition to the control group, UUO model was established in other three groups. NBPL group was given NBP 150 mg/(kg· d) by gavage since postoperative day 1， NBPH group was given NBP 220 mg/(kg·d) by gavage. Sham group and UUO group were given equal volume of saline by gavage. Six mice were sacrificed at the third, 7th, 14th day, respectively. The obstructive renal tissue was selected for immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay. The expression levels of Nrf - 2 and type Ⅰ collagen were detected by Western blot assay. Results The IOD value of type Ⅰ collagen was increased with time in UUO group, and which showed a gradual decreasing trend in Sham group, NBPL group and NBPH group (P < 0.05). The IOD values at different time points were significantly higher in UUO group, NBPL group and NBPH group compared to those of Sham group. The IOD values were significantly decreased in NBPL and NBPH groups than that of UUO group, and IOD value was lower in NBPH group than that of NBPL group (P < 0.05). Western blot assay showed that IOD values of Nrf-2 and type Ⅰ collagen at 7 d and 14 d were increased in UUO group, NBPL group and NBPH group compared with those of Sham group. The IOD values of Nrf-2 protein were increased, and IOD values of type Ⅰ collagen were decreased, in NBPL group and NBPH group than those of UUO group. The IOD value of Nrf - 2 protein was decreased in NBPL group than that of NBPH group, but the IOD value of type Ⅰ collagen was increased in NBPL group than that of NBPH group (P<0.05). Conclusion NBP can improve renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice, which may be related with the increased expression of Nrf - 2 and the down-regulated expression of type I collagen. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between supine hypertension and carotid intima-media thickness XU Jibo1,ZHAO Hualing2,LI Chunhui 2,SONG Lu2,WU Yuntao3△, WANG Zengying4 2016, 44 (12):  1447-1452.  doi: 10.11958/20160358 Abstract ( 939 )   PDF (396KB) ( 3604 )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the correlation of the supine hypertension (SP) with carotid intima- media thickness (IMT) in the elderly. Methods Kailuan study is a functional community-based cardiovascular risk factor study. From June 2006, there was a physical examination every two years. In the examination, demographic data, smoking, drinking, physical exercise situation and medication situation were recorded. Levels of triglyceride, high sensitivity C- reactive protein, low density lipoprotein and other biochemical indexes were observed. Using cluster random sampling, 3 064 retired employees of 60 years of age or older were selected. A total of 2 464 subjects took part in an additional examination, including the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, blood pressure of different positions and urine albumin. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between supine systolic blood pressure (SBP) and IMT. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of SP on IMT. Results (1) Among 2 220 participants (67.29±6.09) years, 1 463 (65.9%) individuals were male and 757 (34.1%) were females, and the average IMT was (0.92±0.18) mm. (2) There was a positive correlation between supine SBP and IMT (r=0.175, P<0.01). (3) After adjusting the confounds, supine SBP was significantly associated with IMT, with an increase of 1 SD (+ 20.42 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) in SBP corresponding to an increase of IMT by 0.01 mm (P<0.01). (4) Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for sitting SBP, age, gender and other factors, SP was still a risk factor of increased IMT (OR=1.37, 95%CI:1.03- 1.80), and independent of sitting SBP. Conclusion The supine hypertension is a risk factor of increased IMT, and independent of sitting SBP. Related Articles | Metrics

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The diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction complicated with left ventricular wall rupture: a report of three cases GAO Mingdong1,XIAO Jianyong1,ZHU Yanbo2,LUO Yongjuan2,GUAN Xin2,WANG Lianqun3,ZHANG Qing4△, LIU Yin1,SUN Genyi 1 2016, 44 (12):  1452-1455.  doi: 10.11958/20160638 Abstract ( 1125 )   PDF (504KB) ( 3801 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and complicated left ventricular wall rupture (LVWR). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical features, diagnosis and successful treatment in three AMI patients with LVWR from December 2015 to April 2016. Results Three cases were included in this study. Case 1, the mesh like cardiac rupture after AMI was diagnosed by ultrasonic Doppler. Emergency revascularization was performed due to the combined cardiac shock, and the infarct related artery was opened. The vasoactive drugs were used after revascularization to reduce ventricular pressure load and volume load in the haemodynamic monitoring, and anticoagulation, antiplatelet agents were less used or discontinued to promote local thrombus healing of ventricular rupture. Case 2 was a recurrent myocardial infarction patient. LVWR was diagnosed by ultrasonic Doppler one day after emergency operation. The ruptured ventricular wall was encapsulated by thrombus. The drug therapy was effective in hemodynamic monitoring. LVWR was further confirmed by cardiac CT after clinical stabilization. Case 3 was diagnosed LVWR by ultrasonic Doppler four days after AMI. Because the ruptured ventricular wall was limited by incompletely organized thrombus, and the haemodynamic condition was stable, selective surgical repair of rupture after coronary angiography was performed. Conclusion The effective drug therapy combined with percutaneous coronary intervention and surgical repair can reduce the risk of death in patients with LVWR after AMI. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between visceral obesity and hyperuricemia in adults of Heping District of Tianjin ZHENG Li 1,ZHANG Meilin1,LI Ping1,ZHU Yufeng1,CHANG Hong1,2,HUANG Guowei 1△ 2016, 44 (12):  1456-1459.  doi: 10.11958/20160626 Abstract ( 1094 )   PDF (299KB) ( 3838 )   Abstract: Objective To analyze the relationship between visceral obesity and hyperuricemia (HUA), and to provide the basis for the further study of obesity and HUA. Methods A total of 1 824 participants came from Tianjin Heping District Health Education Guidance Center in 2014 were selected in this study. The investigation was performed with physical examination and laboratory test for all subjects. Body fat analyzer was used to measure the visceral fat area (VFA). The Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between visceral obesity and HUA. Results The prevalence of HUA in men and women increased gradually with VFA increasing (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between VFA, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and serum uric acid (SUA) level (P<0.05). According to the results of Logistic regression analysis, VFA (OR=1.805， 95%CI=1.166-2.794) and WHR (OR=2.108， 95%CI=1.061- 4.189) were the risk factors of HUA in men. And in women, VFA (OR=1.775， 95%CI=1.154-2.732), WC (OR=2.015, 95% CI=1.137- 3.570) and WHR (OR=2.489, 95% CI=1.400- 4.426) were the risk factors of HUA. Conclusion The accumulation of visceral fat will increase the risk of HUA. So it is necessary to strengthen the detection of visceral obesity to prevent the development of HUA. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between serum complement C3 concentration and prediabetes in an adult population LIU Huaying1,GU Yeqing2,BAO Xue2,LIU Li 3,NIU Kaijun2,3? 2016, 44 (12):  1460-1463.  doi: 10.11958/20160904 Abstract ( 870 )   PDF (323KB) ( 3922 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate whether serum complement C3 concentration was associated with the prevalence and incidence of prediabetes in an adult population. Methods A cross-sectional (n=10 539) and prospective cohort (n= 3 064, followed up for -6 years, mean: 2.8 y) study was performed on subjects recruited from the Health Management Center of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital in Tianjin. Measurements of serum C3 concentration, blood fasting glucose and other potential confounding factors were assessed at baseline and per year during the follow-up period. Prediabetes was defined according to the criteria of American Diabetes Association. Adjusted Logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the associations between C3 quintiles and prediabetes. Results The prevalence and incidence of prediabetes were 19.9% and 99.5 per 1 000 person- year, respectively. In cross- sectional analysis, after adjusted for potential confounders, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of prediabetes for increasing quintiles of C3 were 1.00 (reference), 1.18 (0.98-1.42), 1.11 (0.92-1.34), 1.38 (1.15-1.65) and 1.63 (1.36-1.95) (P for trend <0.000 1). In cohort analysis, in the final multivariate models, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for prediabetes across C3 quintiles were 1.00 (reference), 1.20 (0.94-1.54), 1.48 (1.16-1.88), 1.38 (1.09-1.76) and 1.53 (1.21-1.95) (P for trend < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion The study suggests that the elevated C3 level is significantly associated with the prevalence and incidence of prediabetes, which means that C3 can be used as a biomarker in early prevention of prediabetes and diabetes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of related influencing factors of mean platelet volume in patients with cerebral infarction and diabetes ZHENG Wei, ZHANG Fuqing, LI Xin△ 2016, 44 (12):  1464-1467.  doi: 10.11958/20160741 Abstract ( 822 )   PDF (302KB) ( 3885 )   Abstract: Objective To study the influence of blood glucose, blood lipids and other cerebral infarction risk factors in the mean platelet volume (MPV). Methods A total of 562 patients with cerebral infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 216 cerebral infarction patients without DM (non-DM) were included in this study. The platelet parameter of peripheral blood and other laboratory indexes were detected including platelet count (PLT), MPV, platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high- density lipoprotein (HDL- C), low density lipoprotein (LDL- C) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL- C), urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), high- sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs- CRP) and homocysteine (HCY). The patients were scored by the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) after hospitalization. The MPV changes in patients with cerebral infarction were observed, and different influences of blood glucose, blood lipids to MPV were analysed. Results Values of FBG, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C, BUN, UA, HCY, hs-CRP, and NIHSS were significantly higher in DM group than those of non-DM group. The score of NIHSS was significantly higher in DM group than that of non-DM group. The level of HDL-C was significantly lower in DM group than that of non-DM grou. The MPV was significantly higher in DM group than that of non-DM group [(9.60± 1.35) fL vs. (9.27± 1.01) fL, P＜0.05). There was a positive correlation between MPV and FBG, HbA1c, hs-CRP, WBC, VLDL-C and NIHSS, r=0.438, 0.410, 0.336, 0.164, 0.321 and 0.249 (P＜0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that FBG, VLDL-C, HbA1c, hs-CRP and NIHSS were the independent influential factors of MPV (P＜0.05). Conclusion The influencing factors of MPV should be controlled in patients with cerebral infarction combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus, reducing the activation of platelet, and delaying the progress of cerebral infarction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of plasma glucose and insulin secretion after a glucose load and prediction of islet beta cell function in obese children ZHU Kaikai 1,LIU Geli 2△, YANG Qingyan2,ZHENG Rongxiu2,BAO Pengli 2,ZHANG Shanshan2,CHENG Bingjuan1 2016, 44 (12):  1468-1472.  doi: 10.11958/20160570 Abstract ( 1095 )   PDF (401KB) ( 3780 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the characteristics of plasma glucose, insulin secretion and changes of insulin resistance (IR) after a glucose load in obese children, and to predict islet β-cell function. Methods A total of 635 obese children were classified into normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (n=483), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) group (n= 112) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) group (n=40) based on their glucose levels. Subjects were also divided into G1 group (23 kg/m2 ≤BMI＜30 kg/m2 , n=393) and G2 group (BMI≥30 kg/m2 , n=242) based on their different BMI levels. Level of fast plasma glucose (FPG, 0.5 h-PG, 1 h-PG, 2 h-PG and 3 h-PG) and insulin (FINS, 0.5 h-INS, 1 h-INS, 2 h-INS and 3 h- INS) were measured 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h after a glucose load. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI), function of pancreatic beta-cell (HOMA- β), first-phase insulin secretion index (ΔI30/ ΔG30) and area under curve of insulin (AUCI) were calculated and compared between groups. Results The value of insulin at each time point was significantly higher in IGR group than that of NGT group. The values of insulin at 0.5 h, 1 h, and 2 h were significantly lower in DM group than those of IGR group, respectively (all P＜0.05). Compared with NGT group, AUCI, HOMA- IR and HOMA- β increased, but WBISI and ΔI30/ΔG30 decreased in IGR group (all P＜0.05). HOMA- IR increased but WBISI, HOMA-β and ΔI30/ΔG30 decreased in DM group (all P＜0.05). Compared with IGR group, AUCI, HOMA-β and ΔI30/ΔG30 decreased in DM group (all P＜0.05). Values of FINS, AUCI, HOMA-IR, 2h-PG and HOMA-β were significantly higher in G2 group than those of G1 group, but WBISI decreased (all P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in FPG and ΔI30/ΔG30 between these two groups. Conclusion From NGT, IGR to DM, the peak of insulin secretion is postponed, insulin resistance is getting heavier and the compensation of insulin secretion after a glucose load is increased first and then decreased. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence factor analysis of nutritional risk in treatment of pegylated interferon and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C ZHANG Hong1,2,3,LI Fei 2,3,HENG Mingli 1,LU Chengzhen2,3,SUN Yunhong2,3,WANG Hongwu1,CAO Wukui 2,3△ 2016, 44 (12):  1472-1475.  doi: 10.11958/20160073 Abstract ( 901 )   PDF (371KB) ( 3678 )   Abstract：Objective To explore the nutritional risk factors in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), who have been accepted pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RVB) therapy (PR). Methods A total of 175 CHC patients treated with PR were included in this study. Data of heights, body weights, and calculated body mass index (BMI) were recorded in patients. At the same time, patients were evaluated nutritional risk with Nutritional Risk Screen 2002 (NRS 2002), and divided into risk group (n=35) and non-risk group (n=140). Results There were significant differences in age, HCV genotype (1b type and not 1b), clinical type (CHC/cirrhosis), the length of treatment time and the tolerance degree for PR therapy between two groups (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=16.068, β=2.777), IFN dosage (OR=3.096, β=1.130), RVB dosage (OR=3.382, β=1.219) and clinical type (OR=5.092, β=1.628) were nutritional risk factors. The HCV genotype (OR=0.384; β =- 0.957) was protective factors for nutritional risk. Conclusion There is higher occurrence rate of nutritional risk for CHC patients accepted PR therapy. The dependant nutritional risk factors are advanced age, intolerance for PR therapy and cirrhosis associated CHC. HCV without genotypes 1b is not a nutritional risk factor. Related Articles | Metrics

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A clinical study of perforating artery occlusion occurring after stent implantation of intracranial branch of vertebral artery ZHENG Lijian1,LIU Jie1,TONG Xiaoguang2△ 2016, 44 (12):  1476-1479.  doi: 10.11958/20160642 Abstract ( 1086 )   PDF (414KB) ( 3857 )   Abstract： Objective To explore the methods to reduce the occlusion of perforating arteries after intracranial stenting of the vertebral artery. Methods Clinical data of 32 cases of Gateway-Wingspan stent implantation for intracranial branch of vertebral artery were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative stricture and perfusion improvement situation were evaluated, the reason of perforating artery occlusion was analyzed. Results Thirty-two patients were implanted with 33 pieces of Wingspan stent and 1 piece of Apollo bracket. The operation success rate were 100%, and the stenosis rate reduced from (76.6±6.1)% to (27.9±5.2)%. After three months, the transcranial doppler sonography (TCD) and CT angiography were checked, showing no in- stent restenosis in all patients. Two patients occurred the perforating artery occlusion within 24 hours after operation. The possible reason was the change of stability of atherosclerotic plaque at the stenosis and the plaque displacement caused by the mechanical action of the balloon or stent, which may lead to medulla oblongata artery block. After drug and rehabilitation treatment, the symptoms in patients were improved significantly. Conclusion The perforating artery occlusion after stent implantation in intracranial branch of vertebral artery can be prevented by strict evaluation and preoperative preparation, the right selection of intraoperative balloon and stent, which still needs larger sample data to prove. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study of modified ESD and rubber band ligation assisted endoscopic dissection for treatment of small gastric submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer DENG Quanjun, XIE Liqun△, REN Wanying, ZHAO Kui, LI Hua, ZHAO Hongyan, ZHAO Jianye, ZHANG Xingguang 2016, 44 (12):  1480-1483.  doi: 10.11958/20160713 Abstract ( 1048 )   PDF (308KB) ( 3681 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of modified endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and rubber band ligation assisted endoscopic dissection for treatment of small gastric submucosal tumors (SMT) originating from the muscularis propria layer. Methods A total of ninety-two patients diagnosed as gastric SMT (6 mm≤diameter≤13 mm) originating from the muscularis propria layer by EUS in our hospital were enrolled in this study. With intravenous anesthesia and tracheal intubation in all patients, modified ESD was performed firstly to stripe the small tumors. After being exposed to a certain extent, the tumors were ligated by rubber band and snared for endoscopic dissection. The situation of bleeding, perforation in both intraoperative and postoperative, the integrity and size of the resected specimens were observed and recorded. The resected specimens were identified with histopathological detection and immunohistochemistry assay. At the 6-month and 12-month after the operation, all patients were reviewed by gastroscopy and EUS in our hospital. Results All the 92 tumors were resected completely and successfully. The mean operating time was (19.2±2.3) min and the mean blood loss in operation was (2.6±0.5) mL. Perforation after resection occurred in 3 cases, which were closed with metal hemostatic clips and nylon ropes. No delayed bleeding and perforation occurred in one week after the operation. The tumor sizes ranged from 6 mm×5 mm to 13 mm×12 mm. Seventy-three gastric stromal tumors (risk classification: all were very low risk), 18 gastric leiomyomas and 1 gastric neurofibroma were identified. There were no residue or recurrence in all cases during the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion The modified ESD and rubber band ligation assisted endoscopic dissection are effective and safe for treatment of small gastric submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer. The tumors are resected completely and successfully, showing certain significance to assess the nature, degree of malignancy of the tumor and prognosis of the patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and clinical significance of long chain non-coding MALAT1 RNA in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma LIU Xingqiang1,WANG Xia2,LIU Chao3,HU Yu4△ 2016, 44 (12):  1484-1488.  doi: 10.11958/20160403 Abstract ( 703 )   PDF (348KB) ( 3508 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between long chain non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and to provide evidence for perioperative treatment. Methods One hundred and twenty five samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated in Tianjin Unite Medicine Center Hospital during June 2008 to June 2014 were collected in this study. The expression of MALAT1 was detected by using real- time quantitative PCR (RT- qPCR). The relationship between MALAT1 expression level and prognosis of patients with hepatectomy was analyzed. The risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients were determined. Results The expression level of MALAT1 was significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma samples (P<0.05). There was no relationship between the expression of MALAT1 with age, hepatitis B history, cirrhosis history, tumor size, tumor number, tumor TNM stage, vascular invasion, pathological differentiation and preoperative alpha- fetoprotein (AFP) level (P＞0.05). The survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method. The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates in low level MALAT1 group were 85.9% , 55.2% and 33.8% . The overall 1- , 3- and 5- year survival rates in high level MALAT1 group were 66.0%, 34.6% and 3.9%, respectively. There was significant difference in survival rate between the two groups (P＜0.01). The multivariate COX regression model analysis showed that the independent risk factors for postoperative survival rate in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma included tumor vascular invasion (RR=3.055, 95%CI： 1.986-4.053, P＜0.01) and over expression of MALAT1 (RR=2.918, 95%CI： 1.736- 3.672, P＜0.01). Conclusion Long chain non-coding RNA MALAT1 is a novel tumor marker for prognosis of hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, which can be used for preoperative and postoperative evaluation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of statin on trabecular bone microstructure in middle and aged people ZHANG Aisen， TANG Tingting， CHENG Peng， DI Wenjuan， SHENG Yunlu， CAI Jinmei， LAI Bin， DING Guoxian， QI Hanmei △ 2016, 44 (12):  1489-1492.  doi: 10.11958/20160851 Abstract ( 807 )   PDF (324KB) ( 3607 )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the effect of statin on trabecular bone microstructure by using trabecular bone score (TBS), a new type of bone microstructure evaluation index. Methods A total of 253 middle and aged patients hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2014 and March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether statin was used or not, patients were divided into two groups: 90 patients in the statin use group (statin was use for more than 1 year) and 163 in the control group (not taken any statin). Serum biochemical indicators, such as triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, fasting blood glucose and 25 hydroxy vitamin D, were compared between the two groups. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and femoral neck. TBS was calculated with TBS iNsight ® software, and the DXA image of lumbar spine were analyzed. Results Values of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in statin group compared with those of control group (P＜0.001), while no significant differences in other biochemical indicators between two groups (P＞0.05). There was higher lumbar spine BMD statin group compared to that of control group (g/cm2 :1.04±0.19 vs. 0.96±0.14, P＜ 0.01). There was higher lumbar spine BMD and higher TBS (1.31±0.09 vs. 1.26±0.09, P＜0.01) in statin group than that of control group. There was no difference in the femoral neck BMD between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Statin increases lumbar spine BMD and improves trabecular bone microstructure in middle and aged people. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relation between vitamin D deficiency and susceptibility to spinal tuberculosis TANG Liang1,2,BAO Yucheng2,GAO Ruixiao3,HAN Chenfu2,SUN Xiaochen2,ZHANG Wenlong2,FENG Shiqing1△ 2016, 44 (12):  1492-1495.  doi: 10.11958/20160634 Abstract ( 848 )   PDF (331KB) ( 3997 )   Abstract：Objective To explore the relation between vitamin D deficiency and susceptibility to spinal tuberculosis. Methods A total of 163 hospitalized patients with untreated spinal tuberculosis in Tianjin Haihe hospital were enrolled in this study from June 2013 to May 2016. A total of 170 individuals participated in health examination program at the same period were enrolled as the control group. The serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The 25(OH)D grading included serious deficiency group (<25 nmol/L), deficiency group (≥25 nmol/L and <50 nmol/L), insufficiency group (≥50 nmol/L and <75 nmol/L) and sufficiency group (≥75 nmol/L). Histopathological classification was confirmed by intraoperative findings. Results The serum level of 25(OH)D was significantly lower in patient group [23.99(20.55,29.54)nmol/L] than that of control group [42.94(35.68,51.04) nmol/L] (P< 0.01), and which was also significantly lower in four seasons than that of controls (P<0.05). The serum levels of 25(OH)D were significantly higher in summer group than those of winter group in both patient and control groups (P＜0.008 3). The proportion of patients with serious deficiency of 25(OH)D was significantly higher in spring and winter groups in patient group, which was significantly lower in summer group (P＜0.01). There was no significant difference in patients with serious deficiency of 25(OH)D between four seasons (P＜0.01). For control group, there was a higher proportion of cases with deficiency of 25(OH)D in four seasons, and there was no significant difference in the distribution of seasons (P＞0.05). In patient group, there were 107 cases of caseous necrosis type, 56 cases of hyperplasia type, and the proportion of caseous necrosis type was significantly higher in the severe deficiency group (79.17%, 76/96) than that of deficiency group (46.27%， 31/67, P＜0.01). Conclusion Excluding the effect of season, vitamin D deficiency is associated with susceptibility to spinal tuberculosis and histopathologic classification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA125 and their significance in papillary thyroid carcinoma HOU Weidong,WANG Junhong,ZHANG Zhiyu,LI Jin,LIU Yanxiao,DING Hongxia,YU Yuanyuan,TIAN Yong,LIU Yanfeng2 2016, 44 (12):  1496-1499.  doi: 10.11958/20160511 Abstract ( 2612 )   PDF (1024KB) ( 4204 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the expressions of carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 15- 3(CA15- 3) and carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125) and their clinical significance in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The expressions of CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA125 were detected by immunohistochemical MaxVision method in 80 cases of PTC and 80 cases of benign thyroid lesions (BTL), including 34 cases of nodular goiter, 26 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 20 cases of follicular adenoma. The relationship between expressions of CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA125 and the clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed. Results The expression rates of CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA125 in 80 cases of PTC were 85%, 100% and 43.8% respectively, compared with BTL, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between expressions of CA19- 9, CA15- 3 and CA125 and age, gender, number and diameter of tumor nodules, lymph node metastasis, and TNM staging (P > 0.05). The sensitivity of CA19-9, CA15- 3 and CA125 in the differential diagnosis of PTC and BTL were 85%, 100% and 43.8% respectively, and the specificity were 91.3%, 36.3% and 91.3%, respectively. Conclusion The expressions of CA19-9, CA153 and CA125 are helpful for the differential diagnosis of PTC and BTL. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnostic value of quantitative detection of SLIT2 methylation for cervical high grade precancerous lesion YUAN Liqin1,HU Yuanjing2△ 2016, 44 (12):  1500-1503.  doi: 10.11958/20160854 Abstract ( 1048 )   PDF (334KB) ( 4598 )   Abstract： Objective To explore the clinical diagnostic value of quantitative detection of the slit homologue 2 (SLIT2） methylation for cervical high grade precancerous lesions. Methods According to histopathologic diagnostic results, 178 patients infected with high-risk HPV were divided into normal cervix group (n=45), low-grade lesion group (n=50) and high- grade lesion group (n=83). The cervical exfoliated cells were collected in three groups. The methylation levels of SLIT2 were measured by pyrosequencing in three groups. The diagnostic threshold of SLIT2 in high grade precancerous lesions was estimated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The percentages of SLIT2 methylation were (4.53± 1.37)%, (5.81±2.26)% and (11.80±8.47)% in normal cervix group, low-grade lesion group and high-grade lesion group, respectively. And the differences between three groups were statistically significant (F=27.61, P<0.001). The percentage of SLIT2 methylation was significantly higher in high-grade lesion group than that of normal cervix group and low-grade lesion group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the percentage of SLIT2 methylation between normal cervix group and low-grade lesion group (P=0.297). The area under the ROC curve was 0.895 and optimal cut-off value was 6.41%. The sensitivity and specificity were 80.7% and 83.2%, respectively for the detection by SLIT2 methylation. Conclusion The quantitative detection of SLIT2 gene methylation level in cervical exfoliated cells by pyrosequencing can effectively diagnose cervical high grade precancerous lesions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor in penis skin of patients with hypospadias ZHAO Linsheng, CHEN Ziying, XU Haihua, LANG Rongrong, HU Xiaoli, XU Guodong△ 2016, 44 (12):  1504-1506.  doi: 10.11958/20160701 Abstract ( 974 )   PDF (744KB) ( 3584 )   Abstract: Objective To characterize the expressions of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) in penis skin of patients with congenital hypospadias. Methods Dorsal prepuce, ventral prepuce, and urethral plate were harvested from 30 patients with congenital hypospadias. The expressions of AR and ER in epidermal cells and dermal fibroblasts were assessed respectively by automated immunohistochemistry. Image Pro plus 6.0 was used to analyze the optical density (OD) value of AR and ER in different parts of epidermal cells and dermal fibroblasts. Results AR and ER were located mainly in nucleis of the squamous basal cells and prickle cells, and were also found in nucleis of subcutaneous fibroblast cells. The expression of AR was lower in epidermis of urethral plate than that of dorsal prepuce and ventral prepuce (P＜0.05), but no significant difference was detected in dermal fibroblasts. The expression of ER was higher in epidermis of dorsal prepuce than that of urethral plate and ventral prepuce (P＜0.05). The dermal expression of ER in fibroblast cells was increased successively in dorsal prepuce, ventral prepuce and urethral plate (P＜0.05). Conclusion Lower expression of AR in urethral plate may contribute the development of hypospadias. Disorder of ER in dermal fibroblast cells of prepuce may play an important role in hypospadias. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical effects of shoulder dislocation combined with reverse Hill-sachs injury treated with Neer modified McLaughlin procedure YANG Tao1,CHEN Xiao2,ZHANG Weiran3,LI Chaoying4,WEI Wanfu5△ 2016, 44 (12):  1507-1509.  doi: 10.11958/20161222 Abstract ( 976 )   PDF (574KB) ( 3585 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of shoulder dislocation combined with reverse Hill-sachs injury treated with Neer modified McLaughlin procedure. Methods Clinical data of seven patients for shoulder dislocation combined with reverse Hill-sachs injury in our hospital from October 2013 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All of the patients were received Neer modified McLaughlin procedure with defect area of humeral head from 25% to 40%. The clinical outcomes were evaluated with plain radiographs, subjective satisfaction, range of shoulder motion, University of Califonia Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scale and constant score, which were recorded at the final follow up. Results The mean follow-up period was (12.3±4.3) months. No recurence of shoulder dislocation was found. At the final follow up, a patient was found a slight osteoarthritis based on radiographs. Two patients were very satisfied with the surgery and five patients were satisfied. The average anterior flexion, abduction and external rotation of shoulder were 145.7° ± 12.7° and 148.6°±15.7° and 47.1°±5.7° respectively. The average UCLA score and constant score were (26.6±2.8) and (78.6±7.2) respectively. Conclusion The Neer modified McLaughlin procedure shows a remarkable clinical effect for shoulder dislocation combined with reverse Hill-sachs injury. The short and mid-term effects are definite with few complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on causes of death and life expectancy in residents of Tianjin, 2014 XU Zhongliang, ZHANG Hui, WANG Dezheng, SONG Guide, ZHANG Ying, SHEN Chengfeng, ZHANG Shuang, JIANG Guohong 2016, 44 (12):  1510-1513.  doi: 10.11958/20160191 Abstract ( 1349 )   PDF (322KB) ( 3453 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the causes of death and life expectancy after elimination of main causes of disease in residents of Tianjin. Methods The death registry data of Tianjin residents in 2014 were collected and coded in “international classification of disease, 10th edition” . The crude death rate and life expectancy after elimination of main causes of disease were calculated, respectively. Results In 2014, the crude death rate in Tianjin residents was 70.708 per million, while in male and female were 78.728 and 62.637 per million respectively. The main cause of death in Tianjin residents was non-communicable disease. The top four death causes were heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease and respiratory disease, accounting for 31.5%, 23.6%, 22.2% and 8.3% of the total death. The top four life expectancy lost diseases were heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cancer and respiratory disease, with a 6.46 year, 3.28 year, 3.11 year and 1.25 year life increase respectively. Conclusion Non-communicable diseases are the major reason of death and life expectancy lost disease in Tianjin residents, which needs urgent effective intervention to control. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of immune environment steady after traumatic brain injury via regulating the polarization of macrophage/microglia by mesenchymal stem cells XU Chao, LI Xiaohong, ZHANG Sai △ 2016, 44 (12):  1514-1518.  doi: 10.11958/20161182 Abstract ( 931 )   PDF (356KB) ( 3805 )   Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are regarded as the promising option of cell replacement therapy, are able to regulate immune response after tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondary neuroinflammation following the mechanical injury is the essential factor of neural cell necrosis and apoptosis, even after the intracranial pressure has returned to normal. Their immune environments caused by neuroinflammtary response determine the outcome and long-term behavior function of TBI in survivors directly. MSCs modulate macrophage/microglia, drive them to polarize into alternative M2-like cells through releasing soluble cytokines, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor- stimulated gene 6 protein (TSG-6), IL-1 and TGF-β, which limits the progression of inflammation and maintain micro- environment stable. Meanwhile, macrophage/microglia exerts significant effects in MSCs survival, proliferation, differentiation and activation. It provides a novel approach as a practical anti-inflammatory therapy in clinical treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The study progress on the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and its prognosis YU Chenhua, LU Su, LIU Hong? 2016, 44 (12):  1518-1520.  doi: 10.11958/20160258 Abstract ( 1062 )   PDF (283KB) ( 3700 )   Abstract: It has been a long time that neoadjuvant chemotherapy is applied to breast cancer, but the effects on its prognosis are unclear. According to the current data, it is suggested that the neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer has long-term benefits in patients without infiltrating carcinoma in lymph nodes and axillary, and without pathological invasive cancer and carcinoma in situ. For patients with more aggressive breast cancer subtypes, even the outcome is pathological complete remission, they still have the high risk of recurrence and metastasis. Currently, there is no data to focus on the several clinical trials about the continue therapy in situ residuals in breast cancer. We expand on the ongoing research focusing on in situ residuals in breast cancer, which will provide reference for further clinical development of this therapy. Related Articles | Metrics