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15 January 2017, Volume 45 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Cell and Molecular Biology
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Cell and Molecular Biology

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The protective effect of anthocyanin on irradiation induced bone marrow c-kit positive cell injury in vitro XUE Xiao-lei, HAN Xiao-dan, ZHANG Jun-ling, TIAN Hong-qi, FAN Sai-jun 2017, 45 (1):  1-4.  doi: 10.11958/20160702 Abstract ( 850 )   PDF (358KB) ( 3548 )   Abstract: Objective To observe the protective effect of anthocyanin on irradiation induced bone marrow c- kit positive cell injury, and further explore its possible mechanism. Methods Mouse bone marrow c-kit positive cells were collected by cell sorting method. There were 2 groups: control group and anthocyanin group, which were sub-divided into three groups and received 0 Gy, 1 Gy and 4 Gy irradiation respectively. The control group was added 700 μL cell suspension and an equal volume of serum-free hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell culture medium. The 2×10- 5 mol/L anthocyanin was co-cultured with mouse bone marrow c-kit positive cells of anthocyanin group half an hour before irradiation exposure, then cells were cultured for 18 hours under the conventional culture conditions (37 ℃， 5%CO2). Mouse c-kit positive cell viability was measured by bioluminescence, and which was reflected by relative light units (RLU). The ability of colony-forming units was reflected by CFU-GM. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of γ-H2AX were detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared to un-irradiated control group, the cell viability and the number of CFUGM were decreased significantly, while the ROS level and MFI of γ-H2AX were increased in c-kit positive cells irradiated with 1 Gy and 4 Gy (P < 0.05). Compared to 1 Gy and 4 Gy irradiation groups, c-kit positive cell viability and the number of Related Articles | Metrics

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Purification of epidermal melanocytesin culture 2017, 45 (1):  5-8.  doi: 10.11958/20161212 Abstract ( 751 )   PDF (849KB) ( 3540 )   Objective:To compare the influence of different coating materials and cultural conditionson the purification and growth of human epidermal melanocytes.Methods:The full-thinckforeskin, epidermis and cell suspension obtained from human foreskin were cultured in the plates which were precoated with Matrigel or laminin respectively. When having reached 80–90% confluence, the cells were treated with 0.05% trypsin-EDTA for 4 minutes and resuspendedin M254 medium which were supplemented with G418 and 5-BrdU, respectively. Whereafter, the purity of melanocytes was observed by animmunofluorescence staining with melanocytes’ markers. Results: During the primary culture, the cells’suspension generated more cells at faster speed comparing with skin explants and epidermal specimen. Moreover, the epidermis released cells earlier and proliferated quickly over skin explants. The melanocytes in the plates coated with laminin other than with Matrigel displayed faster and better growth. The unwanted keratinocytes and fibroblasts were removed by using differentedtrypsinition combining with supplement of G418 or 5-BrdU.Conclusions: Using a plate coated with laminin to culture cell suspension from human foreskin, and via a differentedtrypsinization combining with supplement of small doses of G418 to subculture the cells, is admelavantageous to the melanocyte purification, without affecting their growth. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different degrees of intermittent hypoxia on the activation and the extracellular matrix secretion of mouse lung fibroblast cells 2017, 45 (1):  9-12.  doi: 10.11958/20161020 Abstract ( 820 )   PDF (373KB) ( 3795 )   Abstract：Objective To explore the effects of different degrees of intermittent hypoxia (IH) on the activation and the secretion of extracellular matrix in MLg lung fibroblast cell line. Methods MLg lung fibroblast cells in logarithmic growth phase were exposed for 5% O2 for 100 seconds and 21% O2 for 120 seconds in 1 h, 4 h and 8 h groups (IH1, IH4 and IH8) and normoxia group (21% O2 for 8 h, N group). The cells in each group were collected at the end of experiment. Real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of α-SMA and type Ⅰ collagen (COL1) A1, and Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression levels of α-SMA and COL1. Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of α- SMA and COL1 were significantly increased in IH1, IH4 and IH8 groups than those in N group (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, expression levels of α- SMA and COL1 showed a time- dependent increase with IH exposure time. Conclusion The intermittent hypoxia can promote the cell activation and the extracellular matrix secretion of mouse lung fibroblast cells, which may be related with the oxidative stress. Related Articles | Metrics

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A preliminary study on the promotion of angiogenesis by NETs in rheumatoid arthritis 2017, 45 (1):  13-16.  doi: 10.11958/20161290 Abstract ( 1045 )   PDF (611KB) ( 4190 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially angiogenesis. Methods The presence of NETs in synovial tissues of RA and osteoarthritis (OA) was observed by immunofluorescence assay. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood of health volunteers. Neutrophils were cultured in vitro, the formation of NETs was observed. NETs were extracted as a stimulating agent. The effects of NETs on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and synovial fibroblasts (RAFLS) were evaluated by MTT, and which were classified into two groups: HUVECs group and RAFLS group, with the following treatment: control and NETs (0.28 mg/L). Wound repair assay was employed to evaluate the effect on the cell migration stimulated with NETs. The experiment was divided into three groups: control, VEGF (40 μg/L VEGF) and NETs (0.28 mg/L NETs). Results (1) Compared with OA, NETs were found more in the synovial tissue of RA. (2) NETs formation was induced by stimulator in vitro. The concentration of extracted NETs- DNA was 27.8 mg/L. (3) MTT assay showed that compared with the control groups, low concentration of NETs (0.28 mg/L) promoted the proliferation of HUVECs (0.499 ± 0.011 vs. 0.393 ± 0.009, P＜0.05) and RAFLS (0.266 ± 0.007 vs. 0.192 ± 0.007, P＜0.05). (4) It was showed that a significant wound closure induced by low concentration of NETs (0.28 mg/L) was found compared with control. Conclusion Our present study suggests that NETs are found more in the synovial tissue of RA, and low concentration of NETs can promote angiogenesis in RA. Related Articles | Metrics

Experimental Study

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Comparison of 70% hepatectomy model established by two different methods in liver fibrosis mice ZHANG Di, ZHANG Ya-min, CUI Zi-lin, YANG Long, LI Yang 2017, 45 (1):  17-20.  doi: 10.11958/20160808 Abstract ( 1165 )   PDF (462KB) ( 4291 )   Abstract：Objective To explore a reliable method of 70% hepatectomy model in liver fibrosis mice. Methods Sixty-six C57BL6 mice were randomly devided into control group (n=6), the traditional group (n=30, ligation and removal liver lobe) and improved group (n=30, removal of liver lobe after blocking blood flow). Those 60 mice were induced liver fibrosis firstly, then randomly divided into six mice in each group, and were sacrificed at preoperative, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after liver resection. Liver tissues and blood samples were collected. The survival rate and incidence of complications were recorded and compared between two groups. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured to observe the liver injury after 70% hepatectomy. The ratio of liver weight to body weight and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were also measured to observe the difference of liver regeneration between the two groups. Results (1) Compared to the pathological control group, liver fibrosis model was established successfully in both traditional group and improved group, which can be used in 70% hepatectomy. So the followup experiment can be undertook timely. (2) Compared to traditional group, the survival rate was improved significantly in improved group (96.67% vs. 73.33%), and the incidence of complications was significantly lower (P＜0.05). (3) The ALT and AST levels were higher 12 h and 24 h after operation in traditional group than those of improved group (P＜0.05), while ALT and AST levels were increased first 12 h after operation and then decreased in both groups (P＜0.05). (4) The liver/body weight ratio showed a decreasing trend 12 h after hepatectomy in two groups. The expression of PCNA increased at the beginning of postoperative, and reached its peak at 48 h (P＜0.05). However, there was no significant difference at each time point between the two groups. Conclusion By blocking blood flow to establish 70% hepatectomy model in liver fibrosis mice, we can significantly improve the success rate of the model, and reduce the incidence of complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of dopamine-producing cells derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in treatment in rats with Parkinson’ s disease XIE Jiang, WANG Bin, DONG Fang, ZHANG Hong-wei, ZHANG Li-wei, BAI Gang, LIU Yong-jun 2017, 45 (1):  21-24.  doi: 10.11958/1089 Abstract ( 944 )   PDF (704KB) ( 3601 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the efficacy of dopamine producing cells (DPCs) derived from human umbilical cord- derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC- MSCs) in treatment in model rats with Parkinson’ s disease (PD). Methods The cultured hUC-MSCs were induced into DPCs in vitro. The dopamine (DA) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression levels were detected by ELISA to identify the DPCs. The PD rat model was established by injecting 6- OHDA into the right substantia nigra (SN). A total of 60 successfulled PD model rats were randomized into hUC-MSCsDPCs group (5×105 hUC-MSCs-DPCs were transplanted into right striatum, n=20), hUC-MSCs group (5×105 hUC-MSCs were transplanted, n=20) and control group (same volume PBS, n=20). All the transplanted cells were labeled with CM-Dil. The apomorphine induced rotation behavior was assessed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after cell transplantation. The rats were executed after 12 weeks. The immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression level, and FLUORO-JADE® C staining was used to test the apoptotic neurons in brain of rats. Results The hUC-MSCs-DPCs were induced successfully in vitro, which showed a high expression level of DA and GDNF. Furthermore, at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after cell transplantation, the rotation behavior was improved, and expression levels of GDNF were significantly higher in hUC-MSCs-DPCs group than those of hUC-MSCs group and control group (P＜0.05). In addition, we found that most of the transplanted TH + hUC-MSCs-DPCs at the right striatum and a few cells around both the left and the right substantia nigra at 12 weeks after transplantation. The apoptotic neurons were decreased after cell transplantation in hUC-MSCs-DPCs group than that of control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The hUC- MSCs- DPCs can improve the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine in PD model rats, which may be involved in improving levels of DA and GDNF in damaged striatum and protecting neurons. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells combined with goserelin on repairing rat ovarian damage JIA Xiao-chen, LU Zhen-yu, MENG Wen-jing, SHI Ye-hui 2017, 45 (1):  25-29.  doi: 10.11958/20160858 Abstract ( 989 )   PDF (796KB) ( 3794 )   Abstract: Objective To observe the repairing effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and goserelin on chemotherapy-induced ovarian injury, and the distribution and growth of hUC-MSCs transplanted in rat chemotherapy-induced ovarian injury. Methods A total of 120 SD rats were randomized into group A-E: A normal group， B NS control group, C goserelin group, D hUC-MSCs group and E hUC-MSCs+goserelin group. The rat premature ovarian failure (POF) model was established by given a loading dose of cyclophosphamide (CTX, 50 mg/kg) followed by daily intraperitoneal injection of CTX (8 mg/kg) for consecutive 14-day. The hUC-MSCs were injected through caudal vein, and goserelin was given by subcutaneous injection 4 days before POF model established. The serum level of estrogen was detected and numbers of follicles were counted. After GFP was transfected by lentivirus, the distribution and growth of stem cells transplanted in rats were observed by animal in vivo imaging system. Results At day 46, the serum level of estrogen showed no significant difference between group A and group E (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the counted follicles between group A and group E (P > 0.05). After tail vein injection of the transfected cells, GFP positive cells were found in injury ovarian. Conclusion There is a repairing effect of hUC-MSCs and goserelin on ovarian injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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The mathematical model of the dental and basal bone arch form of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusions in three-dimensional space FANG Shu, XIAO Dan-na, GAO Hui 2017, 45 (1):  30-35.  doi: 10.11958/20161031 Abstract ( 765 )   PDF (619KB) ( 4246 )   Abstract: Objective To establish a mathematical model to describe the skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion of patient dental and basal bone arch form, for providing a data reference and basis for further study. Methods Thirty-five patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion were selected in this study for computed tomography CBCT. The data of 3-D image were analyzed, and dental arch marker (Fa) and base bone arch marker (Ba) were determined. The reference plane was determined by least square method. Software Matlab 7.0 was used to calculate two- dimensional coordinate system. Based on this, a mathematical model was established to describe the dental and basal bone arch form and then to validate the mathematical model. Results (1) The mathematical model can be used to describe the dental arch form of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion, maxillary: Y=46.12 [1- (2X/70.99)2]1.052; mandibular: Y=39.16 [1- (2X/64.51)2]1.038. (2) The mathematical model can be used to describe the basal bone arch form of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion, maxillary: Y=43.14 [1- (2X/75.09)2]1.061; mandibular: Y=39.03 [1- (2X/60.63)2]1.021. (3) Fa was located at Ba labial side in the maxilla, the distance was positive. Fa was located at Ba lingual side in the mandibular, and the distance was negative. (4) The fitting correlation coefficient of beta-function curve and each tooth on the dental and basal bone arch of skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion were greater than 0.7 (P＜0.05). Conclusion In this study, the mathematical model can be used to describe the dental and basal bone arch form of the skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion, which can guide further research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical significance of expression of RGS4 in pediatric nephroblastoma tissue LIU Yan-chun, LIU Shi-xia, WANG Xiao-jing, WANG Lian-fang, YANG Ji-hong 2017, 45 (1):  36-38.  doi: 10.11958/20160888 Abstract ( 744 )   PDF (706KB) ( 3724 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression levels of regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) in pediatric nephroblastoma and pericancerous tissues, and explore the relationship between RGS4 and the occurrence and development of pediatric nephroblastoma. Methods Thirty- seven samples of pediatric nephroblastoma tissues and 8 samples of pericancerous tissues were collected after surgery to detect the expression of RGS4 protein by immunohistochemistry. Another 8 samples of fresh cancer tissues and corresponding pericancerous tissues were collected to detect the mRNA and protein levels of RGS4 by qRT-PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. Results Immunohistochemistry results showed that RGS4 protein was positively expressed both in pediatric nephroblastoma and pericancerous tissues, and its high expression rate was lower in pediatric nephroblastoma than that in pericancerous tissues [(37.83% (14/37) vs. 87.5% (7/8), 2χ =4.675, P<0.05]. The expression level of RGS4 mRNA was significantly lower in pediatric nephroblastoma than that in pericancerous tissues (1.064 ± 0.549 vs. 5.374 ± 0.735, t=13.290, n=8, P < 0.01). Western blot results showed that the expression level of RGS4 protein was lower in pediatric nephroblastoma than that of pericancerous tissues (0.301±0.092 vs. 0.779 ± 0.041, t=13.424, n=8, P < 0.01). Conclusion The expression level of RGS4 is down- regulated in pediatric nephroblastoma, which may be related to the occurrence and development of pediatric nephroblastoma. Related Articles | Metrics

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sleep apnea, obstructive|pulmonary fibrosis|anoxia|respiratory function tests| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis|polysomnography| nocturnal hypoxemia MA Yan-yan, CAO Jie△, WANG Yan, LI Lian, ZHOU Ning, WANG Jie, ZHI Qing-qing 2017, 45 (1):  39-42.  doi: 10.11958/20160823 Abstract ( 1130 )   PDF (322KB) ( 3636 )   Abstract：Objective To observe the incidence and clinical feature of sleep-related breathing disorder in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods Thirty-four IPF patients who were measured by polysomnography (PSG) were collected in the Department of Respiration of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. According to the results of apnea hypoventilation index (AHI), patients were divided into pure IPF group (AHI＜5 events/h, n=7) and IPF combined with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (IPF + OSAHS) group (AHI≥5 events/h, n=27). The PSG reports of two groups were analyzed, and the correlation between AHI and pulmonary function and oxygen saturation in sleep and at wake were analyzed. Results (1)Thirty-four IPF patients were all demonstrated sleep disorders, low sleep efficiency, increased proportion of stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ and decreased proportion of stage Ⅲ and rapid eye movement (REM). The arousal index and the proportion of stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ were higher in IPF+OSAHS group than those of pure IPF group (P＜0.01), while the proportion of stage Ⅲ was lower in IPF+OSAHS group than that of pure IPF group (P＜0.01). There was no significant difference in stage REM between two groups. (2)Twenty- seven patients (79% ) combined with OSAHS, among which five subjects (15%) were mild OSAHS with 5 events/h≤AHI＜15 events/h, and 22 subjects (65%) were moderate-severe with AHI≥15 events/h. The main type of sleep-disorder breathing was hypoventilation, which mainly happened in stage REM. (3) Thirty-four IPF patients showed sleep hypoxemia, and the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was higher in IPF-OSAHS group than those of pure IPF group (P＜0.05). (4)The AHI was positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.791, P＜0.05), and was negatively correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC% pred) (r=- 0.574, P＜0.05) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%pred) in IPF patients (r=-0.664, P＜0.05). The lowest oxygen saturation (LSO2) and mean oxygen saturation (MSO2) in sleep were positively related with oxygen saturation at wake (r=0.421 and r=0.464, P＜0.05 respectively). Conclusion The IPF patients show severe sleep disorder and hypoxemia, which can be worsen by OSAHS and produce negative effect on daily life. We should initiate active treatment in patients with sleep-related breathing disorders. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Study

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Clinical significance of serum procalcitotin in children with Kawasaki disease at acute stage #br# #br# LIU Li, WEI Wei, HU Jian 2017, 45 (1):  43-46.  doi: 10.11958/20161228 Abstract ( 1064 )   PDF (352KB) ( 3737 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum procalcitonin (PCT) level in children with acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods The serum PCT levels and their changes before and after the treatment in 120 children with KD at acute phase were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of ultrasonic echocardiography, all children were divided into coronary artery damage (CAL) group and no coronary artery lesion (NCAL) group. According to the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, patients were divided into two groups (A: yes and B: no ). According to the presence of abnormal liver function, patients were divided into two groups (C: yes and D: no). PCT levels were compared between groups. Results The serum PCT levels were increased at acute phase in 56 (46.67% ) patients before the treatment than those in normal children, which were decreased obviously after treatment (P＜0.05). There were 31 cases combined with CAL, the rising rate of PCT was 38.71%, which was no significant difference compared with that of  NCAL group (49.44%, P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in serum PCT value between CAL group and NCAL group (P＞0.05). The serum C-reactive protein level was significantly higher in CAL group than that of NCAL group. There were 35 patients combined with gastrointestinal symptoms in 120 KD patients. There was no significant difference in the rising rate of PCT between patients with gastrointestinal symptoms (62.86%) and patients without gastrointestinal symptoms (40.00%, P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in serum PCT level between these two groups of patients. There were 42 cases with liver dyfunction in 120 KD patients, the PCT rising rate (52.38%) was no statistically significant difference compared with that of patients with no liver dyfunction (43.59%, P＞0.05). And there was no significant difference in serum PCT value between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion PCT can reflect the acute phase of KD patients. The increased PCT level may be related with the emergence of gastrointestinal symptoms, even though it cannot predict CAL and the occurrence of liver damage. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of probucol combined with atorvastatin on plasma levels of oxidative low density lipoprotein and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention YANG Li, LIU Yin, WANG Shu-feng, LIU Ting, GUO Sheng-li 2017, 45 (1):  47-50.  doi: 10.11958/20161058 Abstract ( 1026 )   PDF (324KB) ( 3536 )   gsl@163.com Abstract：Objective To evaluate the effects of probucol combined with atorvastatin medication on blood levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), and the correlation of their changes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous poronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 97 patients with ACS and undergoing PCI were randomly divided into two groups according to the date of admission: single medication group (n=42)， the patients were taken atorvastatin 20 mg/d; and combined medication group (n=55)， the patients were taken atorvastatin 20 mg/d with probucol 500 mg/d. The plasma levels of ox- LDL and Lp- PLA2 were measured in both groups before and 6-8 weeks after the medication. Then the results were compared and analyzed between two groups. Results (1) Before treatment there were no significant differences in levels of ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 between two groups (P > 0.05). After the treatment, the ox-LDL level was significantly decreased in combined medication group (P < 0.01). After the treatment, the levels of Lp-PLA2 were significantly decreased than those before treatment in both groups (P < 0.01). Compared with single medication group, levels of ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 were significantly lower in combined medication group (P < 0.01). (2) After treatment, the absolute value of Lp- PLA2 decline (ΔLp- PLA2) was positively correlated with the absolute value of ox- LDL decline (Δox- LDL) in combined medication group (r=0.314, P=0.020). Conclusion Probucol combined with statin therapy can reduce ox- LDL and Lp- PLA2 levels, and with a positive correlation between them. Probucol can further decrease the level of Lp-PLA2 by inhibiting ox-LDL production, which may be one of the mechanisms of its anti-atherosclerosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation of acute kidney injury in patients after heart transplantation 2017, 45 (1):  51-53.  doi: 10.11958/20160535 Abstract ( 1045 )   PDF (291KB) ( 3651 )   Abstract: Objective To summarize the treatment experiences in patients with cardiac surgery- associated acute kidney injury (CSA- AKI). Methods The clinical data of 9 patients with acute renal injury after orthotopic heart transplantation in our hospital from January 2009 to July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Three patients were required the high- dose diuretics (furosemide, >80 mg/d) and six patients were received continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were compared before and after heart transplantation and after the treatment of AKI. The quality of life was observed in patients in perioperative period. Results After the treatment of diuretics or CRRT, patients showed renal function recovery with significant decreased Cr levels and increased eGFR compared with the postoperation. The patients with diuretic therapy revealed a better eGFR recovery than those with CRRT. Conclusion CSA- AKI should be based on the severity of disease, and comprehensive treatment should be taken to reduce renal damage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of ACTH and Huaiqihuang on the treatment of recurrence nephrotic syndrome in children WANG Wen-hong, ZHANG Bi-li, LIU Yan, LIU Yan, ZHAO Lin-sheng, YANG Li-xiao 2017, 45 (1):  54-57.  doi: 10.11958/20160184 Abstract ( 1279 )   PDF (336KB) ( 4146 )   Abstract：Objective To observe the effects and safety of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) combined with Huaiqihuang on frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) in children. Methods Fifty-five child patients with FRNS were divided into control group, which was given glucocorticoid (GC) to maintain the treatment (group A, n=10), Huaiqihuang group (group B, n=17), ACTH group (group C, n=14) and ACTH combined with Huaiqihuang group (combined treatment group, group D, n=14). Continuous treatment was for 12 months. The GC treatment doses, the levels of basal secretion of adrenal cortex and adrenal cortex reserve were recorded at 6-month and 12-month respectively. And the recurrence rate and adverse reactions were observed in four groups. Results After 6-month treatment, the doses of GC were significantly lower in group C and group D than those in group A and group B (P < 0.05). The levels of basal secretion of adrenal cortex were increased in turn in group A~D (P < 0.05). After 12-month treatment, the doses of GC were significantly decreased in group C and group D than those in group A and group B, while the level of basal secretion of adrenal cortex and adrenal cortex reserve were increased (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the doses of GC between group C and group D (P > 0.05). After treatment for 6 months and 12 months, the recurrence rates of nephrotic syndrome were significantly lower in group C and group D than those of group A and group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion The simple application of ACTH and the combination of Huaiqihuang can relieve the inhibition of long-term using GC on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in FRNS patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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epilepsy； adrenocorticotropic hormone; epileptic spasms； hyperarrhythmia ZHANG Pei-yuan, XU Hai-quan, WU Bo, ZHANG Yu-qin 2017, 45 (1):  58-63.  doi: 10.11958/20160777 Abstract ( 792 )   PDF (488KB) ( 3745 )   Abstract： Objective To summary the clinical characteristics of epileptic spasm（ES）that is the unique form of seizures in childhood. Methods A total of 149 patients with ES who visited our hospital from May 2009 to June 2015 were collected. The documents of clinical data, treatment and outcome were analyzed retrospectively. The statistical analysis of some clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients were performed. Results There were 97(65.1% ) male and 52 (34.9% ) female in the 149 patients． The onset age of ES was from 30 days to 42 months (median value was 6 months) including 17 patients more than 12 months．The peak age of onset was 4-7 months． One hundred and forty-seven patients manifested clustered spasm. One pair of twins showed single spasm．Other types of seizure were seen before ES onset in 13 (8.7%) patients, and after ES onset in 42 (28.2%) patients．Eighty-three patients (55.7%) were diagnosed as West syndrome (WS). There were 46 patients (30.9%) with cryptogenic cause, 103 patients (69.1%) diagnosed with symptomatic epilepsy, in which 69 patients were with a clear cause. The proportions of developmental delay in the cryptogenic and symptomatic patients were 74.5% and 92.2% after the onset of the ES. The degree of developmental delay was linearly related to the course of ES. The hyperarrhythmia of electroencephalogram (EEG) background was seen in 122 patients (81.9%), and there was no significant difference in hyperarrhythmia between different etiology groups or different onset age groups. The shortterm efficiency of topiramate evaluated within one month was 30.5% in 59 newly diagnosed patients. The short- term effective rate of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was 80.3% in total 76 patients, but single ACTH treatment was associated with an increased recurrent rate. Conclusion ES is a highly age dependent seizure type that mainly found in WS， which typically follows a EEG hyperarrhythmia and developmental delay. The treatment of ES is difficult. ACTH combined with effective antiepileptic drugs (AEDS) is currently the most reasonable drug treatment program. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical feasibility of axillary reverse mapping for preventing breast cancer related lymphedema #br# #br# SUN Xuan, YIN Shi, CAO Xu-chen△ 2017, 45 (1):  64-67.  doi: 10.11958/20161457 Abstract ( 668 )   PDF (474KB) ( 3605 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between axillary reverse mapping (ARM), tracer dosage and detection rate of upper lymph nodes, and analyze the feasibility of ARM in preventing breast cancer related lymphedema. Methods Seventy patients diagnosed as T1- 2N0- 1M0 stage and underwent the ARM procedure from January 2014 to June 2015 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into low dose tracer group (0.5mL, n=40) and high dose tracer group (2 mL, n=30) randomly. The carbonnano was used as tracer to perform ARM procedure. The ARM lymph nodes and axillary lymph nodes were identified by pathological examination. The limb edema was assessed at 6 and 12 months after the operation by RVC index. Results The detective rates were 60% (24/40) and 96.7% (29/30) in low dose group and high dose group respectively, the difference was statistically significant. Of the 22 patients, the positive rate of removed one upper lymph node was (4.54%), while the metastasis rate was 38.7% in other 31 patients who removed more than two ARM nodes (P<0.05). The metastasis rate of the patients who removed more than two ARM nodes was not increased compared with that of patients removed two ARM nodes (P=0.717). Moreover, after a 12-month follow-up, the relative volume change (RVC) of lymphedema was obviously increased in patients who removed more than two ARM nodes (P < 0.05). Conclusion High dose tracer can increase the detective rate of ARM nodes. The removing two ARM nodes in ARM procedure is recommend, which not only can ensure the pathological diagnosis of node, but also prevent the lymphedema of wounded limb. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Study

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The clinical value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes PENG Yi-xian, YANG Yin, LI Wen-gao, WU Zhi-yong, LUO Peng, TANG Ru, HE Lei 2017, 45 (1):  68-71.  doi: 10.11958/20160489 Abstract ( 775 )   PDF (321KB) ( 3729 )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the clinical value of neutrophil- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 128 newly diagnosed T2DM female patients were randomly recruited from the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from March to September 2015. According to the physiological state, the patients were divided into menopausal group (n=66) and non- menopausal group (n=62). Fiftysix healthy females were chosen as the control group. The values of blood pressure, blood lipid, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS) and white blood count (WBC), neutrophil count, percentage of neutrophils， lymphocytes count, and percentage of lymphocytes were detected and compared between three groups. The NLR and the HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA- IR) were calculated. Results Age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglyceride (TG), FINS, percentage of neutrophil, NLR, HOMA-IR were significantly higher in menopause group than those of control group and non-menopause group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and FPG between menopause group and non- menopause group, but both were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), WBC and HbA1c between three groups (P > 0.05). There was no linear correlation between NLR and HOMA- IR (rs=0.015, P > 0.05), HbA1c (r=0.030, P > 0.05). Conclusion NLR is of a certain significance in the assessment of inflammatory status and IR levels in postmenopausal women with T2DM, which may be related to the changes of autonomic nervous system. Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression and significance of serum microRNA-183 and TK1 in patients with colorectal cancer WANG Jin-liang, MENG Xiang-chao, ZHANG Zi-li, LI Qi 2017, 45 (1):  72-75.  doi: 10.11958/20161119 Abstract ( 723 )   PDF (360KB) ( 4249 )   Abstract: Objective To detect the expression and significance of serum miRNA- 183 and TK1 in patients with colorectal cancer, and the mechanism thereof. Methods Fifty-two serum samples of colorectal cancer patients and paired health serum samples were collected. The expression of miRNA-183 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and TK1 was detected by Western blot enhanced chemiluminescence assay. The correlation between miRNA-183 and TK1 and their relations with the clinicpathologic characteristics were analyzed. Results The serum miRNA- 183 expression was significantly higher in colorectal cancer group than that in normal control group (P < 0.01). The expression of serum miRNA- 183 was significantly higher in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ group than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ group (P < 0.01). There was more significant increase in serum miRNA- 183 in lymphatic metastasis group than that without lymphatic metastasis group (P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that of there was a diagnostic value for serum miRNA- 183 in colorectal cancer, with an optimal value of 1.15. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 78.8% and 67.3%, and the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 78.9% and 70.2%. The serum TK1 expression was also higher in colorectal cancer group compared with that of normal control group (P < 0.01). And the TK1 expression was also higher in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ group than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, miRNA-183 expression was positively correlated with TK1 expression (rs=0.692, P < 0.01). Conclusion The serum expression levels of miR-183 and TK1 may act as tumor markers for early colorectal cancer diagnosis, and also can be used to predict the malignant degree and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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The affects of placement of intrauterine device on the incidence of fallopian tube obstruction #br# #br# ZHANG Ai-dan 2017, 45 (1):  76-78.  doi: 10.11958/20160669 Abstract ( 637 )   PDF (304KB) ( 3335 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate whether the placement of intrauterine device (IUD) can increase the incidence of fallopian tube obstruction. Methods A total of 458 patients with secondary infertility who visited the outpatient clinic between January 2014 and December 2015 were selected for observation group, of which, 246 cases who used IUD in the past but were not pregnant were the IUD group, and 212 cases with no history of using IUD were the control group. According to the medical history of two groups，and based on test results of gynecological routine inspection, mycoplasma (UU), chlamydia (CT), type B ultrasound examination of pelvic cavity and hysterosalpingography (HSG) in two groups, whether the placement of IUD increased the risk of fallopian tube obstructive infertility was comprehensively analyzed. Results There was a higher incidence of reproduction tract infection in patients with fallopian tube obstruction than that in patients without fallopian tube obstruction in IUD group (pelvic infection 32.6% vs. 15.7%， CT 23.9% vs. 9.3%， UU 42.8% vs. 18.5% , vaginitis 36.2% vs. 24.1%， P＜0.05). Results showed that 56.1% (138/248) patients were found fallopian tube obstruction in IUD group, and 63.7% (135/212) in control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05). There were no significant differences in history of uterine cavity operations and incidence of reproductive tract infection between two groups of patients with tubal obstruction（uterine cavity operations 55.8% vs. 45.2%， pelvic infection 32.6% vs. 39.3% ， vaginitis 36.2% vs. 34.1% , CT 23.9% vs. 27.4% ， UU 42.8% vs. 40.7% ，P＞0.05). Conclusion There is no necessary correlation between fallopian tube obstruction and placement of IUD, which therefore will not increase the incidence of fallopian tube obstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Study

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The pathological changes of visceral pleura in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients LI YUECHUAN Jing WANG XUMEILIN ZHANG YongXiang 2017, 45 (1):  83-86.  doi: 10.11958/20161522 Abstract ( 898 )   PDF (609KB) ( 3599 )   Abstract：Objective To observe the pathological change of visceral pleura in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to discuss the relationship between the changes and COPD airflow limitation. Methods A total of 70 patients received the pulmonary lobectomy or partial resection because of lung tumor in Tianjin Chest Hospital from May 2014 to August 2015 were selected in this study. According to the results of pulmonary function test, the patients were divided into COPD group [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/ forced vital capacity (FVC) <70%， n=40] and control group (FEV1/FVC≥70%， n=30). The lung tissues, which was not the lesion areas, were used to make tissue sections. The Elastica Van Gieson (EVG) method was used to stain the sections. The thickness of visceral pleural and the proportion of elastic fibers in visceral pleural were observed and calculated under a microscope in the two groups. Results The specimens were derived from upper and middle lobes in 22 cases of COPD group, and from lower lobe in 18 cases. Specimens were derived from upper and middle lobes in 17 cases of control group, and from lower lobe in 13 cases. There were no statistical differences in sampling sites between two groups (χ2=0.019， P＞0.05). The visceral pleural thickness and the proportion of elastic fibers in visceral pleural were significantly thinner in COPD group than those of control group (P < 0.01). In both COPD group and control group, visceral pleural thickness was significantly thinner in upper and middle lobes than that of lower lobe (P < 0.05), but the proportion of elastic fibers in visceral pleural of upper, middle lobes showed no statistical difference compared with that of the lower lobe (P＞0.05). Conclusion The thinner visceral pleural and the reduction of elastic fibers in visceral pleural are one of the causes of expiratory airflow limitation in COPD patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Study of Animal Esophageal Motility Using Sonic Wave Device ZHAO chunshan 2017, 45 (1):  87-90.  doi: 10.11958/20161140 Abstract ( 643 )   PDF (534KB) ( 3846 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate a sonic wave device including micro- oscillator and microphone for real- time monitoring the situation of the esophageal motility of lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Methods A micro-oscillator that can actively send sound waves was located at one side of LES, and a microphone located at the other side can be to capture the sound generated from the oscillator. This device was tested in vitro by utilizing a LES simulator in quiet and noisy environment, as well as in vivo in a pilot model corresponding to moments A-D. Results In the in vitro test, the sound can be captured by the microphone, and its power strength was correlated with closing and opening of LES. The measurements showed statistically significant Pearson correlation coefficients. In the in vivo test, the LES was open and closed by an endoscope, which was monitored in real-time by another endoscope inserted into the distal stomach from the duodenum. The sound power strength corresponding to moments A-D were (- 89.63±0.79) dB, (-84.74±0.97) dB, (-82.37±1.93) dB and (-89.86±0.75) dB. Conclusion The LES dynamics can be monitored by the acoustic interrogation device, which has the potential to become an effective minimally-invasive technique for studying LES dysfunction. Related Articles | Metrics

Diagnostic Techniques

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The diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detecting small liver metastasis from breast cancer LIANG Yong-ping, LIU Jing-ping, WANG Hai-xia, ZHANG Juan, HU Jian, SONG Qian, FENG Hua-mei 2017, 45 (1):  91-94.  doi: 10.11958/20161044 Abstract ( 951 )   PDF (595KB) ( 3940 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in detecting small liver metastasis (SLM) from breast cancer. Methods A total of 92 cases diagnosed as breast cancer by surgical pathology and suspected SLM by conventional ultrasonography were included in this study. CEUS was used to check liver lesion in patients. The biopsy operation was used as the gold standard. The coincidence rate of benign and malignant pathology was used to compare the consistency between CEUS and biopsy pathology. Results In 92 cases suspected liver metastases of breast cancer by routine ultrasound, there were 54 cases were diagnosed as benign by pathology, and all 92 cases were diagnosed as benign by CEUS. Thirty- eight cases were diagnosed as metastasis by pathology, in which 36 cases were correctly diagnosed by CEUS. The sensitivity of CEUS for the diagnosis of liver metastases of breast cancer was 94.74 % (36/ 38), specificity was 100% (54/54), positive predictive value (PPV) was 100% (36/36) and negative predictive value (NPV) was 96.43% (54/56). Conclusion CEUS has a higher diagnostic value in SLM of breast cancer, and has clinical practical value. Related Articles | Metrics

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A meta-analysis of randomized trials for long-term major complications following off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting 2017, 45 (1):  95-99.  doi: 10.11958/20150295 Abstract ( 912 )   PDF (533KB) ( 4959 )   Abstract: Objective To compare the long- term complications of off- pump and on- pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of long-term complications of off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. According to the Cochrane system evaluation method, the quality of the research literature was evaluated by the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the RevMan5.2 software was used for meta analysis. Results A total of 9 studies were included, including 11 660 patients, 5 794 patients in the OPCABG group and 5 866 cases in the ONCABG group. There was no significant difference in mortality between the OPCABG group and the ONCABG group (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 0.94-1.30，P= 0.22] and no significant difference in myocardial infarction (OR =0.90, 95%CI: 0.76-1.06，P=0.21). However, the difference in revascularization was statistically significant between the two groups (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.09-1.83，P=0.009). The longterm incidence of stroke was significantly lower in OPCABG group than that of ONCABG group (OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.57- 0.98，P=0.04]. Conclusion The on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting can effectively reduce the occurrence of longterm revascularization. However, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting can effectively reduce the risks of stroke. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application progress of disease modifying drugs in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder 2017, 45 (1):  100-103.  doi: 10.11958/20161120 Abstract ( 937 )   PDF (338KB) ( 4132 )   Abstract: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by inflammatory demyelinating lesions and axonal degeneration in optic nerve and spinal cord. It has high relapse rate and high disability rate. In recent years, as the studies on mechanisms of NMOSD, related immune therapy strategies have been developed rapidly. These immunologic interventions are collectively called the disease modifying therapy, which are helpful in improving the course and outcome of the disease. In this review, the latest treatment progress in NMOSD is summarized to guide clinical choice and application of the medication. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of FBLN-5 in the role of tumorigensis AN Dong, YANG Jun-hong, SONG Xiao-meng 2017, 45 (1):  104-108.  doi: 10.11958/20160855 Abstract ( 896 )   PDF (1540KB) ( 4171 )   Abstract：Fibulin protein family has widely existed in the extracellular matrix, and plays an important role in maintain the stable of basement membrane, elastic fibers and loose connective tissue. Fibulin-5 (FBLN-5) is one of the members of the Fibulin protein family, which is essential to the structure function and cell mediated action. The lack of FBLN- 5 will cause many diseases such as internal organ deformity. Current research suggests that changes of expression level of FBLN-5 are associated with the occurrence of tumors such as lung cancer, and also can influence the tumor proliferation, invasion and prognosis, thus may become a new molecular marker for cancer diagnosis. Therefore, in this review, we summarize and update biological characteristics and functions of FBLN-5, and its role in the development of tumor formation mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in protective effects of thyroid hormone on myocardial mitochondria by sirtuins XU Qi-yao, , ZHANG Mei 2017, 45 (1):  108-112.  doi: 10.11958/20161148 Abstract ( 652 )   PDF (338KB) ( 4318 )   Abstract：Many studies have confirmed that thyroid hormone (TH) and mitochondria have protective effects on myocardium. The partial subtype of sirtuins (SIRTs) can also be able to protect myocardium by mitochondria, which includes improving ischemia reperfusion injury, improving the pathological cardiac hypertrophy and improvement of heart failure. SIRTs can achieve the protective effect for myocardium mainly through inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition poreand mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, maintaining balance of regulation of mitochondrial morphology, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, maintaining the function of autophagy of impaired mitochondria. At the same time, there is an interaction between TH and SIRTs. At present, the role of mitochondria has become more and more concerned in apoptosis and necrosis and its protective effect on cells. This review summarized the protective effect of SIRTs on myocardium through mitochondrial and the influence of the interaction between SIRTs and TH on myocardial protection of mitochondrial. Related Articles | Metrics