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15 February 2020, Volume 48 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of total flavonoids of chrysanthemum indicum on inflammatory response and autophagy of HK-2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide based on NLRP3-IL-1β-NF-κB signal axis YANG Bin, HUANG Jun-qing, MENG Qing-liang, YUAN Wei-qi, LIANG Xin 2020, 48 (2):  81-87.  doi: 10.11958/20192697 Abstract ( 733 )   PDF (1633KB) ( 4783 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of total flavonoids of chrysanthemum indicum (TFC) on inflammatory response and autophagy of HK-2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods HK-2 cells of human renal tubular epithelium were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, LPS treatment group, TFC pretreatment group, NLRP3 activator (4-MET) group and TFC combined with 4-MET pretreatment (TFC+4-MET) group. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation, Hoechst 33342 staining was used to observe the morphological changes of cells in each group. The expressions of apoptosis-associated speek-like protein containing CARD (Asc), caspase-1, p-IκB, IκB, autophagy-related protein (Beclin1), microtubule-related protein light chain 3Ⅱ (LC3Ⅱ)/ LC3Ⅰ were detected by Western blot assay. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were detected by ELISA method, and autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results Compared with the control group, the proliferation rate decreased in LPS group, the fragmentation of cell nucleus increased, the apoptosis rate increased, the expressions of NLRP3, Asc, caspase-1 protein, the phosphorylation level of IκB protein increased, the levels of IL-1 β and IL-18 increased, and the expressions of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ and Beclin-1 protein decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with LPS group, cell proliferation rate increased in TFC group, cell nuclear fragmentation decreased, apoptosis rate decreased, NLRP3, Asc, caspase-1 protein expression and IκB protein phosphorylation level decreased, IL-1β and IL-18 levels decreased, autophagy increased, LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ level and Beclin-1 protein expression increased. The cell proliferation rate decreased in 4-MET group, apoptosis rate and nuclear fragmentation increased. The expression levels of NLRP3, Asc, caspase-1, IκB protein phosphorylation, IL-1β and IL-18 increased, autophagy, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ and Beclin-1 protein decreased (P＜0.05). The cell proliferation rate, autophagy degree, LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ level and Beclin-1 protein expression were higher in TFC+4-MET group than those in 4-MET group. The nuclear fragmentation was reduced, the apoptosis rate, NLRP3, Asc, caspase-1 protein expression, I κ B protein phosphorylation, IL-1 β and IL-18 levels were lower in TFC+4-MET group than those in 4-MET group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Total flavonoids of chrysanthemum indicum may inhibit the activation of NLRP3-IL-1β - NF - κB signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response of HK-2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and inducing autophagy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of osthole on the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer H1299 cells and its mechanisms PENG Jian-ming, ZHU Kou-zhu, YE Ji-lin, SU Lan-di, DAI You-ai 2020, 48 (2):  87-90.  doi: 10.11958/20191856 Abstract ( 782 )   PDF (714KB) ( 4774 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of osthole on proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer H1299 cells, and to provide theoretical reference for its clinic treatment. Methods The H1299 cells were incubated with various concentrations of osthole (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 μmol/L) for 48 h. The cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay to determine the dosages in subsequent experiments. With the different concentrations of osthole (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 μmol/L) for 48 h, the cell apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and phosphorylated NF-κB (pNF - κB) levels were determined by Western-blot assay. Results In comparison with the control group, osthole with concentrations of 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 μmol/L could obviously inhibit the proliferation in H1299 cells (P＜ 0.05). Osthole (80, 120 and 160 μmol/L) accelerated the cellular apoptosis, decreased the expressions of Bcl-2 and pNF-κB and increased the expression of Bax (P＜0.05), while osthole showed no significant effect on the expression of NF-κB (P＞ 0.05). Conclusion Osthole can inhibit H1299 cell proliferation and accelerate the cell apoptosis, which might be associated with the activation of the apoptotic factor Bax, the suppression of the expression of the anti-apoptosis factor Bcl-2 and the down-regulation of pNF-κB expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of Shenshuai Nutrition Capsule on bone metabolism and expression of BMP-2 in rats with renal osteodystrophy WU Xiao-hui, YOU Hai-yan, HU Rong, LIU Ling-yu, WANG Ming-qing, WEI Lian-bo 2020, 48 (2):  91-95.  doi: 10.11958/20192327 Abstract ( 618 )   PDF (450KB) ( 4067 )   Abstract：Objective To observe the effect of Chinese herbal compound Shenshuai Nutrition Capsule (SSYYJN) on bone metabolism and BMP-2 expression in bone tissue of rats with renal osteodystrophy (ROD). Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=10) and the modeling group (n=30). Rats of modeling group were treated with 5/6 nephrectomy and high-phosphorus drinking water to induce renal osteodystrophy. Then they were randomly divided into model group, calcitriol (VD) group and SSYYJN group (n=10 for each group). The VD group was administered intragastrically with calcitriol suspension at 0.01 mg / kg, and the SSYYJN group was administered intragastrically with SSYYJN suspension at 1.2 g / kg. Model group and control group were given the same amount of normal saline. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Then, the body weight and the serum levels of creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood calcium (Ca2+), blood phosphorus (P3-), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone(iPTH) concentration were measured before and after treatment in three groups of rats. Femur bone mineral density (BMD) was detected by dual-energy X-ray, and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was detected by Western blot (WB) assay. Results Compared with model group and VD group, the body weight was markedly increased in SSYYJN group, the BUN and Scr levels, which indicated renal function, were remarkably reduced. For bone metabolism indexes, the blood Ca2+ levels were increased, and the levels of blood P3- , ALP and iPTH were markedly reduced. All the above differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). After treatment with SSYYJN, the femur BMD and the expression of BMP-2 were significantly higher than those in the model group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Shenshuai Nutrition Capsule can significantly improve bone metabolism in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy and renal osteodystrophy and delay the progression of renal osteodystrophy, which may be related to the up-regulation of BMP-2 expression Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of knockdown NEDD9 gene expression on functions of pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo XUE Li-li, WU Tie-long, DAI Yuan-yuan, WANG Wen-yuan, SHENG Ying-yue, XUE Yu-zheng 2020, 48 (2):  96-100.  doi: 10.11958/20192065 Abstract ( 765 )   PDF (1169KB) ( 4188 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of knockdown NEDD9 gene expression on functions of pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods shRNA interference plasmid (Y2602) was used to inhibit the expression of NEDD9. BxPC-3 cells were divided into BxPC-3 Y2602 group (transfected Y2602), BxPC-3 NC group (without transfected) and BxPC-3 blank group［transfected nonsense sequence (Y007)］. The proliferation, cell migration and invasion ability of three groups were detected by plate cloning assay, scratch test and Transwell test, respectively. The cell suspension was prepared for nude mouse models. The tumor formation was compared between three groups. The effect of knockdown NEDD9 gene expression on functions of BxPC-3 was analyzed by comparing tumor growth and size. Results Comparing with other groups, it was found that the cell proliferation was significantly inhibited, the number of cells that migrated to the lower chamber was significantly reduced, the volume and weight of tumors were significantly lower in BxPC- 3 Y2602 group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The knockdown of NEDD9 gene expression can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of BxPC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo, which is a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect and mechanism of aerobic training on cardiac fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats YUAN Guo-qiang, QIN Yong-sheng, PENG Peng 2020, 48 (2):  100-104.  doi: 10.11958/20192036 Abstract ( 769 )   PDF (677KB) ( 5917 )   Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of long-term aerobic training on cardiac fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to investigate the role and mechanism of collagen metabolism regulators such as transforming growth factor - β1 (TGF - β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). Methods Thirty male SHRs were randomly separated to rest control (SHRRC) or aerobic training (SHR-AT) groups, and 15 Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as normotensive control (NC) group. Animals in NC and SHR-RC groups were kept silent at cage while those in SHR-AT group undertook treadmill exercise for 24 weeks. At the end of experiment, a series of measurements were determined for caudal artery pressure by non-invasive blood pressure tester, cardiac structure and function were detected by echocardiogram, cardiac collagen volumetric fraction (CVF) was determined by Masson dyeing, mRNA expression levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) were detected by real-time Q-PCR, and protein expressions of TGF-β1, CTGF, MMP- 2 (including 64 ku and 72 ku isoforms), TIMP-2 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by Western blot assay. Results Compared with NC group, the dilated cardiac chamber with thinner ventricular wall was found in rats of SHR-RC group, and the cardiac CVF increased (P＜0.05), cardiac function decreased (P＜0.05), and ANP, BNP and β- MHC mRNA as well as TGF-β1, CTGF, TIMP-2 and α-SMA proteins upregulated (P＜0.05). Also 64 ku MMP-2 and 64 ku MMP-2 / TIMP-2 ratio reduced (P＜0.05). Compared with SHR-RC group, animals in SHR-AT group showed alleviated cardiac chamber dilation, reduced cardiac CVF (P＜0.05), enhanced cardiac function (P＜0.05), downregulated ANP, BNP and β-MHC mRNA and α-SMA protein (P＜0.05), increased 64 ku MMP-2 and 64 ku MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio (P＜0.05). There were no significant changes in TGF-β1, CTGF and TIMP-2 protein expressions (P＞0.05). Conclusion Long-term regular aerobic training can improve cardiac fibrosis and delay cardiac remodeling and heart failure progression in SHR, and the mechanism is related with the augment of collagen degradation (however, no effect on collagen synthesis) and inhibition of differentiation from fibroblasts into myofibroblasts Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite element analysis for the treatment of lateral wall fractured femoral intertrochanteric fractures with the different entry points of proximal femoral nail antirotation CAI Qun-bin, JIANG Zi-wei, LIN Zi-ling, CHEN Xin-min, DONG Hang, HUANG Pei-zhen 2020, 48 (2):  105-109.  doi: 10.11958/20192589 Abstract ( 652 )   PDF (1418KB) ( 3792 )   Abstract：Objective To investigate biomechanics of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) with different entry points in the treatment of lateral wall fracture of femoral intertrochanteric fracture by finite element method. Methods Based on CT data of the hip of volunteers, three-dimensional model of right femur was extracted and optimized by Mimics and Geomagic software. Then, three A models (crushed lateral femoral wall and completed medial femoral wall) and three B models (crushed lateral femoral wall and medial femoral wall) were obtained by assembling different entry points with PFNA model in SolidWorks software and simulating different fracture lines of lateral wall. All the six models were imported into Abaqus software to set material properties and boundary conditions for transportation. The Von Mises cloud pictures of the model were calculated and viewed. Results In model A, the upper entry of the lateral wall formed stress concentration, the middle showed largest displacement and the bottom showed uniform stress distribution and smaller displacement. In model B, the upper entry of the lateral wall showed larger displacement, the middle showed largest stress concentration and the bottom showed smaller stress dispersion and displacement. Conclusion PFNA, which is selected the bottom entry of lateral femoral wall, has the best biomechanical effect in the treatment of lateral wall fracture of femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary clinical effects of lateral femoral medullary opening position on total knee arthroplasty combined with lateral femoral arch deformity REN Zhi-peng, ZHANG Fu-jiang, LI Gui-shi, KANG Yu-xiang, ZHAO He-jun, LIU Wen-bin, LIU Yan-cheng, HU Yong-cheng 2020, 48 (2):  110-115.  doi: 10.11958/20191484 Abstract ( 1038 )   PDF (678KB) ( 5031 )   Abstract: Objective To study the influence of outward-transferring the location of femoral medullary opening in Xray imaging and short-term clinical outcomes during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with lateral femoral arch deformity. Methods Forty patients (60 knees) with knee arthropathy and with femoral lateral arch angle more than 3 degrees treated in Tianjin hospital from March 2014 to June 2017 were selected in this study. All patients were performed total knee arthroplasty. The cases were divided into two groups according to whether the position of femoral medullary opening was adjusted or not. Twenty-eight knees were in the standard position of femoral medullary opening group, referred to as the control group, and 32 knees were in the outward-transferring position group. The opening position was 5 mm horizontal outward shift than the standard position, referred to as the test group. In both groups, intramedullary osteotomy was performed. The fixation of 6 degrees was used as the angle of valgus osteotomy of distal femur. Statistical data of the two groups were collected to evaluate the operation situation and compare the difference of imaging and clinical effect between the two groups at 1 year after operation. The imaging evaluation included femoral lateral arch angle, preoperative hip-kneeankle angle, femoral valgus angle, postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle, femoral prosthesis angle, tibial prosthesis angle and patellofemoral congruent angle. Clinical efficacy evaluation included Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Knee Society Score Clinical Score and Feller Patella Score before surgery and 1 year after operation. Then, 180°±3°, 90°±2°, 90°±2° and ≤10° were used as the criteria to evaluate the quality in the mechanical axis, femoral prosthesis position, tibial prosthesis position and patellofemoral joint. Results The baseline data of the two groups were consistent. All the operations were performed with Posterior Cruciate-Retaining (CR) knee prosthesis. No injury or rupture of medial or lateral collateral ligaments occurred. All operation time was less than 70 minutes, and the apparent bleeding volume was 10-20 mL. All incisions healed well after operation. At the last follow-up, no complications such as infection, prosthesis loosening and periprosthetic fracture were found in both groups. There were no significant differences in the duration of operation, femoral arch angle, preoperative hip-knee-ankle angle, femoral valgus angle, postoperative tibial prosthesis angle, postoperative tibial prosthesis excellent and good rate, patellofemoral joint excellent rate, preoperative WOMAC index, KSS clinical score, Feller patella score and 1 years postoperative WOMAC index between the two groups (P＜0.05). However, the hip-knee-ankle angle, femoral prosthesis angle and patellofemoral angle were better in the test group than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The excellence rate of mechanical axis and femoral prosthesis position in the external displacement group was better than that in the control group (P＜0.05). KSS clinical score and Feller patella score were higher in the test group than those in control group at 1 year after surgey (P＜0.05). Conclusion For TKA patients with moderate to severe lateral arch deformity of femur, reasonable displacement of femoral opening position can improve lower limb alignment, prosthesis position and patellofemoral joint relationship. The short-term follow-up has good clinical effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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The preoperative peak expiratory flow for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications after lobectomy for lung cancer patients CHEN Chun-yu, GU Jiang-kui, GE Sheng-lin 2020, 48 (2):  115-118.  doi: 10.11958/20191787 Abstract ( 730 )   PDF (424KB) ( 3682 )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the value of peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) for lung cancer patients undergoing lobectomy. Methods A total of 150 lung cancer patients admitted to our hospital were included in this study. All patients underwent lobectomy. According to whether PPC occurred or not after surgery, the patients were divided into PPC group (n=29) and no PPC group (n=121). Data of general clinical information, PEF and PPC were collected for further analysis. The risk factors of PPC were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and the predictive value of PEF on PPC was evaluated by ROC curve. Results Compared with the patients without PPC, there was an increased proportion of patients with COPD, decreased PEF, and prolonged length of hospital stay in PPC patients (P＜0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of COPD (OR=2.017, 95% CI: 1.655-5.037) was an independent risk factor for PPC after lobectomy, and increased PEF (OR=0.585, 95% CI：0.255-0.793) was a protective factor for PPC. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of PPC predicted by PEF was 0.773 (95% CI: 0.742- 0.803), and the best critical value was 297 L / min (sensitivity 68.6%, specificity 79.2%). Conclusion The lower PEF is significantly associated with the increased PPC in lung cancer patients receiving lobectomy. PEF is an useful tool in perioperative management of lung cancer candidates. Related Articles | Metrics

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The prognostic value of serum Nesfatin-1 and MMP-9 in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage CAO Bing, DING Qi, LIU Chun-jiang, ZHEN Cheng, LIU Xi-peng, ZHANG Xiu-feng, WANG Peng-fei 2020, 48 (2):  119-123.  doi: 10.11958/20192121 Abstract ( 646 )   PDF (473KB) ( 3914 )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the changes of serum levels of Nesfatin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and their relationship with prognosis. Methods A total of 165 patients with aSAH were selected as the case group. According to the 90-day mortality in the case group, they were divided into survival group (n=129) and death group (n=36). The levels of Nesfatin-1 and MMP-9 were measured and clinical data were collected. The clinical values of Nesfatin-1 and MMP-9 in the prognosis of aSAH patients were evaluated by ROC and AUC. Kaplan-Merier method was used to draw survival curve of aSAH patients, and the risk factors of death in aSAH patients were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. Results The serum levels of Nesfatin-1 and MMP-9 were significantly higher in death group than those of survival group (P＜0.05). The AUC curve areas of serum levels of Nesfatin- 1 and MMP-9 for predicting the prognosis of aSAH patients were 0.859 (95%CI：0.796-0.908) and 0.801 (95%CI：0.731- 0.859). When the critical values were 9.98 μg / L and 402.21 μg / L, the sensitivities were 0.889 and 0.833, and the specificities were 0.651 and 0.752 respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the 90-day cumulative survival rate was significantly lower in aSAH patients with Nesfatin-1≥9.98 μg/L and MMP-9≥402.21 μg/L than that of patients with Nesfatin-1＜9.98 μg / L and MMP-9＜402.21 μg / L (P＜0.001). Logistics regression analysis showed that Nesfatin-1≥9.98 μg/L (OR=2.167，95%CI：1.776-2.642), MMP-9≥402.21 μg/L (OR=1.124，95%CI：1.029- 1.227), Hunt-Hess grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ (OR=2.246，95%CI：1.676-3.010) and Fisher grade 3-4 (OR=2.760，95%CI：1.369-5.565) were risk factors for predicting mortality in patients with aSAH. Conclusion Serum levels of Nesfatin-1 and MMP-9 are closely related to the prognosis of aSAH, and could be used as an evaluation index to predict the prognosis of patients with aSAH. Related Articles | Metrics

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2D-STI technique in evaluating the changes of papillary muscle function before and after PCI in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation JIANG Wei, SUN Wei, GUAN Ying-ying, CHENG Xiao-lei 2020, 48 (2):  124-127.  doi: 10.11958/20191819 Abstract ( 832 )   PDF (445KB) ( 4132 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate the papillary muscle function in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) before and after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) technique. Methods Seventy-two patients with myocardial infarction were selected and divided into 2 groups, the anterior myocardial infarction group (Ant-MI group, n=33) and the inferior myocardial infarction group (Inf-MI group, n=39). The papillary muscle function was evaluated by echocardigraphy and 2D-STI technique 48 h before PCI and 3 months after PCI. Data of the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume (LVEDV / LVESV), the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the mitral regurgitation volume were measured by echocardiography. Data of the longitudinal strain (APM-S, PPM-S), the peak time (APM-T, PPM-T) and the delay time (DT=|APM-T - PPM-T|) of mitral anterior and posterior papillary muscles were measured by 2D-STI technique. Results There were no significant differences in LVEDd, LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF, and mitral regurgitation volume between two groups. Compared with the PCI opertion before, the LVEF was significantly increased, the LVESV and the mitral regurgitation volume were significantly decreased after PCI opertion in both groups (P＜0.05)，and there were no significant changes in LVEDV and LVEDd (P＞0.05). The values of |APM-S| was lower and the |PPM-S| was higher in Ant-MI group than those of Inf-MI group, neither before nor after PCI opertion (P＜0.05). After PCI operation: the |APM-S| was signigicantly increased and the DT was significantly decreased in Ant-MI group (P＜0.05). There were no signigicant changes in |PPM-S|, APM-T and PPM-T (P＞0.05). The |PPM-S| was signigicantly increased and DT was significantly decreased in Inf-MI group (P＜0.05), and there were no significant changes in |APM-S|, APM-T and PPM-T (P＞0.05). Conclusion The 2D-STI technology can be used to evaluate the function of mitral papillary muscles. PCI can significantly improve the papillary muscle function in patients with mild to moderate IMR, reduce the reflux and improve the left ventricular remodeling. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between serum levels of periostin and syndecan-4 and 24-hour urinary protein and renal pathological grade in children with Henoch-schönlein purpura nephritis LIU Jian-feng, HUO Jia-wen, ZHU Dong-liang, PENG Fang 2020, 48 (2):  128-131.  doi: 10.11958/20191936 Abstract ( 704 )   PDF (377KB) ( 4365 )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the correlation between serum levels of periostin (POSTN) and syndecan-4 (SDC4) and 24-hour urinary protein and renal pathological grade in children with Henoch-schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). Methods A total of 58 children who were diagnosed as HSPN by renal biopsy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China from January 2015 to December 2018 were selected in this study. They were divided into four groups according to renal pathology results: grade ≤Ⅱa (n=15), grade Ⅱb (n=19), grade Ⅲa (n=15) and grade ≥Ⅲb (n=9). The serum levels of POSTN and SDC4 were measured by ELISA, and 24-hour urine protein was quantified by end-point method. The difference of each index in different pathological grades was compared and the correlation between each index and renal pathological grade was analyzed. Results There were significantly differences in serum levels of POSTN, SDC4 and 24-hour urine protein between children with different pathological grades (P＜0.05). The level of each index was increased accompanied with the increase of pathological grade (P＜0.05). There were positive correlations between the serum levels of POSTN, SDC4 and 24-hour urine protein in 58 children with HSPN (r = 0.616, 0.651, respectively, all P＜ 0.05). The serum level of POSTN was positively correlated with the serum level of SDC4 (r = 0.512, P＜0.05). The serum levels of POSTN, SDC4 and 24-hour urine protein were all positively correlated to the renal pathological grade (rs = 0.705, 0.589, 0.661, respectively, all P＜0.05). Conclusion The determination of the serum levels of POSTN, SDC4 and 24-hour urine protein may be used to assess the severity of renal injury in children with HSPN. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of a novel SLC16A2 mutation that causes Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome XIN Qing-gang, ZHAO Peng, CAI Chun-quan, CHEN Jing, CHEN Shu-juan, SHENG Qian-qian 2020, 48 (2):  132-136.  doi: 10.11958/20193176 Abstract ( 1438 )   PDF (655KB) ( 3859 )   Abstract: Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is a rare genetic disease with specific clinical manifestations and thyroid function changes. The disease is caused by a defect in the specific thyroid transporter MCT8 caused by the SLC16A2 pathogenic mutation. This article reports a child with global developmental delay, dystonia and thyroid dysfunction. A c.1170+1G>A hemizygous mutation in the intron 4 of the SLC16A2 gene was found with next-generation sequencing. No previous reports of this mutation were found in the databases. The variation enriched the pathogenic mutation spectrum of the SLC16A2 gene. Related Articles | Metrics

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The clinical application of oral enteral immunonutrition in neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer XU Yan-zhao, ZHANG Zhen, GUO Qiang, ZAHNG Yue-feng, WEN Shi-wang, ZHANG Fan, TIAN Zi-qiang 2020, 48 (2):  136-140.  doi: 10.11958/20192454 Abstract ( 692 )   PDF (382KB) ( 3433 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate the nutritional status, immune function and clinical effectiveness of early enteral immunonutrition in patients of esophageal cancer before operation. Methods Sixty-five patients received totally esophagectomy were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. The patients were randomly divided into enteral immunonutrition group (EIN group, n=34) and regular diet group (control group, n=31). All patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 2 cycles before surgery, and patients underwent totally esophagectomy after finishing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 3 to 4 weeks. The EIN group was given oral enteral immunonutrition on the basis of regular diet at the 7th day after the end of the second course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy until one day before surgery. The control group was given the regular diet after the end of the second course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Data of body mass index, triceps skin wrinkle thickness and upper arm circumference were compared one week after the end of the second course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 1 day before surgery between two groups. The levels of nutritional indexes and immune indexes were compared one week after the second course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, one day before surgery and one day, one week after surgery between two groups. The number of getting out of bed, postoperative enteral nutrition-related side effects, postoperative pneumonia complications, the time of first postoperative anal exhaust and the length of hospitalization were also compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in gender, age, tobacco smoking, drinking, tumor location and clinical stage between the two groups (P＞0.05). There were significant differences in the body mass index, triceps skin wrinkle thickness and upper arm circumference on the first day before operation between the two groups (P＜0.05). The nutritional indexes and immune indexes increased significantly one day before surgery in EIN group (P＜0.05). The nutritional indexes and immune indexes were significantly decreased on the first day after surgery in two groups, which was statistically significant compared with those of the first day before surgery (P＜0.05). On the one week after the operation, the indicators of the two groups were significantly increased compared with those of the 1st day after the operation (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in the above indicators and immune indexes one week after the operation in two groups (P＜0.05). The number of patients with getting out of bed after operation was significantly higher in the EIN group than that in the control group. The number of patients with postoperative enteral nutrition related adverse reactions (abdominal distention and diarrhea) and complications of pneumonia were less in the EIN group than those in the control group. The time of first exhaust and hospitalization was significantly shorter in the EIN group than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The early enteral immunonutrition before surgery can improve the nutritional status and immune status, increase the patient's tolerance to surgery, reduce the occurrence of complications, and promote rapid recovery in patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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X-linked congenital renal diabetes insipidus caused by AVPR2 gene mutation: a case report LIU Zhu-feng, WANG Wen-hong, ZHANG Xuan, CHEN Wen-yu 2020, 48 (2):  141-145.  doi: 10.11958/20192526 Abstract ( 807 )   PDF (566KB) ( 4319 )   Abstract：Objective A case of congenital renal diabetes insipidus caused by mutation of arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2) gene was reported to explore the clinical significance of AVPR2 gene mutation in congenital nephrotic diabetes insipidus and improve the understanding of the disease. Methods The clinical data of proband and his parents were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed. All exons of AVPR2 were amplified by PCR, and the amplified products were purified and sequenced in two directions. Results The clinical manifestations of the children were recurrent fever and hypernatremia, and hyperchloremia was difficult to correct. There was no abnormality in pituitary nuclear magnetic resonance in the child at the beginning. Short T1 signal disappeared in the posterior pituitary lobe after reexamination. Central diabetes insipidus was not excluded from clinical practice. However, vasopressin test supported renal diabetes insipidus, which caused troubles in clinical diagnosis. The treatment of vasopressin acetate tablets was ineffective. The results of gene analysis confirmed that mutations were found in the subregion of AVPR2 gene in the proband: c.359T (thymine)>G (guanine) caused amino acid changes: p.Met120Arg, which was located on the X chromosome, and the mother of the patient was the carrier of the mutation of AVPR2 gene. Clinical application of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride in the treatment of the child with urinary volume significantly reduced, confirmed as congenital renal diabetes insipidus. Conclusion Congenital renal diabetes insipidus in infants and young children is rare and its clinical manifestations are not specific. It can only be manifested by repeated fever and electrolyte disturbance, which causes troubles in clinical diagnosis. AVPR2 gene detection can be used for screening and gene diagnosis of congenital renal diabetes insipidus. Related Articles | Metrics

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The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases WANG Li-yan, XU Zhe-long 2020, 48 (2):  146-151.  doi: 10.11958/20193672 Abstract ( 798 )   PDF (400KB) ( 5149 )   Abstract: Mitochondrion as the energy metabolism center of cells, meet the high energy demand of heart through oxidative phosphorylation. Cardiac activities such as myocardial contraction and intracellular homeostasis are powered by mitochondrial ATP. The integrity and proper function of mitochondria are fundament of cardiac physiological activities. The mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by abnormal respiratory chain function and ATP synthesis deletion is involved in the development of many cardiovascular diseases. In the early stage of diseases, the mitochondrial quality control, the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have become a new therapeutic target to reduce cardiac damage and improve cardiac function in cardiovascular diseases. This paper reviews the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases and the related novel therapeutic strategies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the mechanism of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury affected by hydrogen sulfide SUN Yu-fu, YAN Jun 2020, 48 (2):  152-155.  doi: 10.11958/20192262 Abstract ( 787 )   PDF (363KB) ( 4336 )   Abstract：The pathogenesis of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury is complex, which leads to serious consequences. The effective reduction of such injury has important clinical significance. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S）, a gaseous messenger, can reduce skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury by scavenging oxygen free radicals, decreasing cell apoptosis, reducing leukocytic aggregation and activation, decreasing no-reflow phenomenon in microcirculation and interacting with nitric oxide (NO). We reviewed the mechanisms of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury affected by H 2S, which can provide theoretical basis and new research ideas for the reduction of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in clinical practice Related Articles | Metrics

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The research on mechanism of the protective effect of astragaloside Ⅳ on cardiomyocytes ZHANG Bo-ya, GAO Sheng 2020, 48 (2):  156-160.  doi: 10.11958/20192266 Abstract ( 791 )   PDF (462KB) ( 4297 )   Abstract: Astragaloside Ⅳ (AS - Ⅳ) is an active ingredient from a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicine astragalus membranaceus, which has the functions of invigorating and promoting yang, fixing surface and relieving sweat, diffusing edema and detoxifying muscles. Chinese herbal medicine astragalus membranaceus has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China, and AS - Ⅳ is one of its important active ingredients. The main pharmacological effects of AS-Ⅳinclude the enhancement of immunity, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-virus. Recent studies on AS-Ⅳdemonstrated that AS-Ⅳ can participate in cardioprotection by regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, anti-oxidation interaction, improving myocardial energy metabolism, inhibiting apoptosis and anti-cytotoxicity. This article concludes the relevant researches in order to provide reference for clinical study. Related Articles | Metrics