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15 March 2020, Volume 48 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of emodin on TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and expression of Mfn2 in human renal tubular epithelial cells LONG Mai, LI Meng-jie, KE Ben, HUANG Jin-jing, FANG Xiang-dong 2020, 48 (3):  161-164.  doi: 10.11958/20193415 Abstract ( 791 )   PDF (450KB) ( 6035 )   Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of emodin (EM) on TGF- β1-induced epithelialmesenchymal transition and the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Methods CCK-8 was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of emodin on the proliferation of HK-2 cells. The experiment cells were divided into blank control group, TGF-β1 group and TGF-β1+EM group. The emodin intervention group was treated with different concentrations of emodin (10, 20 and 40 μmol/L) for 30 min, and the TGF-β1 group and the emodin intervention group were simultaneously stimulated with TGF- β1 at a concentration of 10 μg/L for 48 h. The cells were then harvested and the expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and Mfn2 proteins were detected by Western blot assay. Results The CCK-8 result suggested that the survival rate(% ) of HK-2 cells were 100.00±0.00, 90.89±2.17, 88.52±1.67, 87.72±2.00, 63.46±1.73 and 52.19±2.60 in the EM treatment groups at 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μmol/L concentrations, showing a gradually decreasing trend (P＜0.01).Western blot results showed that the protein levels of α-SMA, CTGF and Mfn2 increased in HK-2 cells, and the expression of E-cadherin protein decreased after stimulation with TGF-β1 compared with those of the blank control group (P＜0.05).Compared with the TGF- β1 group, α -SMA, CTGF and Mfn2 protein levels were decreased, and E-cadherin protein expression was increased after treatment with different concentrations of emodin (P＜0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Emodin attenuates TGF- β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, which may ameliorate renal fibrosis by reducing the expression of TGF-β1-induced Mfn2. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes carry miR-27 to inhibit browning of white adipose ZHONG Qiong-hui, HUANG Bo, LU Wan, XU Yan-mei, MIN Qing-hua, LI Shu-qi, JIANG Yu-huan, LIN Jin, WANG Xiao-zhong 2020, 48 (3):  165-170.  doi: 10.11958/20192867 Abstract ( 791 )   PDF (1595KB) ( 4843 )   Objective To investigate the role of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) -derived exosomes in white fat browning. Methods The mouse ASC cells were isolated, cultured and identified. Lentivirus transfection was used to construct ASC cells overexpressing miR-27. The exosomes secreted by overexpression ASC cells were extracted by differential gradient ultra-high speed centrifugation. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression of miR-27 in exosomes. High-fat feeding was used to construct obese mouse models. The exosomes overexpressing miR-27 (overexpression group), normal ASC exosomes (normal expression group) and physiological saline(control group) were injected separately. The body weight changes were detected under cold exposure conditions. The epidermal subcutaneous fat tissues and scapular fat tissues of mice were striped and compared between the three groups.Western blot assay was used to detect uncoupling protein1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ),positive regulatory domain zinc finger protein 16 (PRDM16) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expressions. Results ASC and its exosomes were successfully extracted and transfected with miR-27. The expressions of miR-27 were significantly higher in ASC and its exosomes than those in white adipose tissues (P＜0.05).Compared with the control group, the body weights of mice decreased slightly in the overexpression group and the normal expression group, and the effect was more obvious with time (P＜0.05). The epididymal subcutaneous adipose tissues were slightly larger in the overexpression group and the normal expression group than those in the control group, while there were no significant changes in the scapular adipose tissues between three groups. The expression levels of UCP1, PPARγ,PRDM16 and PGC-1α were significantly lower in the normal expression group and the overexpression group than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes can inhibit the browning of white adipose cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanical loading improves bone loss induced by high-fat diet in obese mice WANG Ke-yu, LI Xin-le, LIU Da-quan, ZHANG Ping 2020, 48 (3):  171-176.  doi: 10.11958/20193706 Abstract ( 825 )   PDF (1050KB) ( 3618 )   Objective To investigate the effect of mechanical loading on bone loss in obese mice induced by high fat diet. Methods Forty-five female C57BL/6 mice were randomly sorted into three groups: normal control group fed with a standard chow diet (Sham group), high-fat diet group (HF group) and high-fat diet with loading group (HF+L group). There were fifteen mice in each group. After HF group and HF + L group were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks, HF+L group was received knee loading for the following 4 weeks (loading condition was 1 N, 10 Hz, 3 min/d, continuous loading for 5 days per week). After the treatment, the changes of body mass index (BMI), total body fat content and bone mineral density of femurs were measured in three groups. HE staining and MacNeal's staining were used to observe the pathological changes of the femur. Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of osteogenesis-related proteins alkaline phosphatase (ALP),Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)] and adipogenesis-related proteins proteasome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT / enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα). Results Compared with the Sham group, the body fat content and BMI were significantly increased in the HF group, and the changes of bone mineral density and bone mineral content were significantly decreased in the HF group. Trabecular bone area ratio was significantly reduced in the HF group, and the accumulation of bone marrow fat cells was significantly increased in the HF group. After mechanical loading treatment, the bone density and trabecular bone area ratio were significantly higher in the HF + L group than those in the HF group, and the number and area ratio of adipocytes were significantly lower than those in the HF group (P＜0.05). Western blot analysis showed that mechanical loading improved the low expressions of ALP and RUNX2 in HF + L group, which were significantly higher than those of HF group, while the C/EBPα and PPARγ were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusion Mechanical loading can effectively restore low bone mineral density and low bone mass caused by obesity. Its therapeutic effect improves obesity-induced bone loss by promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting adipogenesis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of inhaled hydrogen gas on the DNA methylation in hippocampus of septic mice YU Ming-dong, LI Pei, YU Yong-hao, LU Yue-chun, CHEN Hui-min, WANG Xin, XIE Ke-liang 2020, 48 (3):  177-181.  doi: 10.11958/20192608 Abstract ( 638 )   PDF (549KB) ( 3971 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of inhaled hydrogen gas on DNA methylation in hippocampal tissues of septic mice. Methods Fifty-four male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups using a random number table: sham operation group (group Sham), sepsis group (group Sepsis) and hydrogen gas group (group Sepsis+H2), 18 mice for each group. Sepsis model was produced by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) in group Sepsis and group Sepsis+H2. Mice in group Sepsis+H2 inhaled 2% hydrogen gas mixed with air at 1 h and 6 h after surgery. Mice in group Sham were performed only laparotomy without CLP. At 1, 3 and 7 d after sham operation or CLP, hippocampal tissues were taken from the mice in the three groups, and the global DNA methylation was measured by colorimetry. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of DNA methyltransferase enzymes (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b). Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b. Results Compared with group Sham, the global DNA methylation in hippocampal tissues was significantly decreased at 1, 3 and 7 d after operation in group Sepsis(P＜0.05), the mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3a were significantly increased, while the level of DNMT3b was decreased in group Sepsis (P＜0.05). Compared with group Sepsis, the global DNA methylation was significantly increased in group Sepsis+H2 (P＜0.05), the mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3a were significantly decreased, and the level of DNMT3b was significantly increased in group Sepsis+H2 (P＜0.05). Conclusion Inhaled hydrogen gas could corrected DNA methylation disorders in the hippocampus of septic mice. The correction of DNA methylation disorders is one of the mechanisms of hydrogen gas therapy for sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of ferulic acid on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic mice WANG Yi-chun, WANG Li-juan, LIU Ping 2020, 48 (3):  182-186.  doi: 10.11958/20193022 Abstract ( 863 )   PDF (861KB) ( 5862 )   Objective To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of ferulic acid on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Methods Twenty db/ db mice with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into model group and ferulic acid group, and 10 normal db/ m mice were randomly selected as control group. The control group and model group were intragastrically given distilled water, and ferulic acid group was given ferulic acid (30 mg/kg) once a day. After 8 weeks of continuous administration, the serum levels of glucose (BG), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were measured. The morphological changes of myocardial tissues were observed by HE and Masson's staining. The mRNA expressions of TLR-4, NF-ĸB and NALP3 were determined by Q-PCR.Immunocytochemistry and Western blot assay were used to detect the expressions of TLR-4, NF-ĸB and NALP3 proteins.Results The body mass, heart mass and cardiac mass index were significantly higher in the model group than those in the control group. After ferulic acid intervention, the body mass, heart mass and heart mass index were significantly decreased compared with those of the model group (P＜0.05). In the model group, the myocardial cells were swollen and hypertrophy, and obvious fiber proliferation was found. After the intervention with ferulic acid, the swelling of cardiomyocytes and the proliferation of fibers were significantly alleviated. The expression levels of serum BG, CK, CK-MB and AGEs were significantly higher in the model group than those in the normal group. After treatment with ferulic acid, the serum levels of BG, CK, CK-MB and AGEs were decreased compared with those of model group (P＜0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR-4, NF-ĸB and NALP3 were significantly higher in the model group than those in the control group.After ferulic acid intervention, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR-4, NF-ĸB and NALP3 were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusion Ferulic acid can improve blood glucose level and reduce myocardial cell injury and myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetic mice, which may be related to the inhibition of TLR-4/NF- ĸB signal pathway and inflammation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanisms of IL-17A promoting the cisplatin-based drug resistance of ovarian cancer in vivo CHEN Yan, NIU Xiu-long, YU Chun-yan, LI Yan, DENG Wei-min 2020, 48 (3):  187-190.  doi: 10.11958/20192856 Abstract ( 734 )   PDF (901KB) ( 4023 )   Objective To explore the in vivo mechanisms of IL-17A promoting the cisplatin-based drug resistance of ovarian cancer. Methods Wild type (WT) and IL-17A-defcient (IL-17A-/-) mice with C57BL/6 genetic background were used as research objects. Twenty-four female C57BL/6 WT mice and twenty-four female IL-17A-/- mice were randomly divided into WT control group, IL-17A-/- control group, WT treatment group and IL-17A-/- treatment group, with six mice in each group. The mouse ovarian cancer cell line ID8 cells with the same genetic background were intraperitoneally injected to establish the animal model of abdominal implantation of tumor. After four weeks and six weeks of administration with DDP or equivalent saline, the mice were sacrificed, and the formation of tumor nodules in the abdominal wall, omentum, mesentery and major organs were counted. The expressions of IL-17A, ABCG2, MDR1 and Gli1 were detected by the method of immunohistochemistry in WT and IL-17A-/- control group tissues to explore the mechanisms of endogenous IL-17A promoting the cisplatin-based drug resistance of ovarian cancer. Western blotting assay was used to detect the expressions of ABCG2, MDR1 and Gli1 in ovarian cancer tissues. Results The number of intraperitoneal nodules was significantly higher in the WT control group than that in the IL-17A-/- control group, and the number of intraperitoneal nodules was also higher in the WT treatment group than that in the IL-17A-/- treatment group（P＜0.05）. The expressions of ABCG2 MDR1 and Gli1 in abdominal tumor tissues were significantly higher in WT control group than those in IL-17A-/- control group. Similarly,these expression levels in abdominal tumor tissues were significantly higher in WT treatment group than those in IL-17A-/-treatment group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Endogenous IL-17A can up-regulate the expressions of drug-resistant related proteins ABCG2 and MDR1 through the Hh signaling pathway mediated by Gli1, thereby promoting cisplatin-based drug resistance of OVCA. Related Articles | Metrics

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The predictive effect of serum alkaline phosphatase and albumin levels on slow coronary blood flow LIN Peng-yang, HUANG Hui, YANG Hui, LIU Ping, WANG Zhong 2020, 48 (3):  191-194.  doi: 10.11958/20193251 Abstract ( 779 )   PDF (384KB) ( 5653 )   Objective To explore the predictive value of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and albumin levels on coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP). Methods A total of 3 163 patients with coronary angiography in the Department of Cardiology of our hospital were collected from January 2015 to May 2018. According to the blood flow classification method of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI), 73 patients with TIMI blood flow grade 2 or below and no obvious coronary stenosis were taken as the CSFP group, 108 patients with TIMI blood flow grade 3 and no obvious coronary stenosis were used as the control group. The risk factors of CSFP were analyzed by binary Logistic regression and ROC curve was drawn to analyze the clinical value of serum ALP and albumin in predicting CSFP. Results In the CSFP group, the male proportion,smoking proportion, uric acid (UA) and ALP levels were all increased, while the albumin level was decreased (P＜0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that male, smoking, high ALP and UA levels were independent risk factors of CSFP, and the albumin level was protective factor of CSFP (P＜0.05). The area under ROC curves of serum albumin and ALP were 0.824 (95%CI: 0.764-0.885) and 0.637 (95%CI: 0.554-0.721) respectively. The best diagnostic threshold value of ALP was 74.71 U/L, the sensitivity 58% and the specificity 69%. The best diagnostic threshold value of albumin was 46.35 g/L,the sensitivity 74% and the specificity 82%. The Yoden index of serum albumin (0.56) in the diagnosis of CSFP was higher than that of ALP (0.27). Conclusion The serum levels of albumin and ALP have the value of predicting CSFP, and the diagnostic efficiency of serum albumin is better than that of ALP. Both of them are cheap and easy to obtain indicators, which can be used as effective predictors of CSFP. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of maxillary defects by vascularized tissue flap transfer: a clinical analysis of 36 cases ZHANG Tong-mei, YANG Kun, SHEN Jun, LIU Hao, CHEN Wei, BAI Shuang, MU Jie, YAN Ying-bin 2020, 48 (3):  195-199.  doi: 10.11958/20192397 Abstract ( 672 )   PDF (3018KB) ( 3886 )   Objective To summarize the clinical outcomes of reconstruction of maxillary defects by vascularized tissue flap transfer. Methods Data of 36 patients underwent ablative surgery for maxillary tumor and immediate reconstructive surgery by vascularized tissue flaps in our hospital at August 2012 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between the types of the maxillectomy defect and reconstructive options was analyzed. Results According to Brown's Classification, there were 22 cases with class Ⅱb defect, 3 cases class Ⅱc defect, 8 cases classⅡd defect, and 3 cases class Ⅲ b defect. There were 33 cases (91.7%) with class Ⅱ defect in the 36 patients, in which 2 cases were reconstructed by fibula flaps, 17 cases submental island flaps, and 14 cases radial forearm flaps. Vascularized tissue flaps combined with a prefabricated personalized titanium mesh were used for reconstruction of the 3 cases (8.3%) with class Ⅲb defect. The average time of flap harvest was (64±15) min. The mean operation time was (420.6±75.5) min. The mean bleeding volume in operation was (650.5±172.3) mL. The tissue flaps were harvested with the sizes ranging from 4 cm×8 cm to 5 cm×12 cm. All transferred flaps survived completely, and no complete or partial necrosis occurred. The mean follow-up period was (24.5±13.6) months. Of the 36 patients, 3 died including 2 with squamous cell carcinoma (T2N0M0/T3N0M0) and 1 with adenoid cystic carcinoma (T3N0M0), 2 with adenoid cystic carcinoma (T3N0M0) relapsed, and the other 31 survived with tumor-free in the follow-up. None of the cases suffered from oroantral fistula. 88.9% (32/36) of cases were satisfied with their aesthetic outcomes. Good speech outcomes were achieved in 91.7% (33/36) cases. Conclusion An excellent oronasal closure and satisfying aesthetic and speech outcomes could be achieved in cases reconstructed by vascularized tissue flaps for class Ⅱ defect. Tissue flap transfer combined with a prefabricated personalized titanium mesh provide an appropriated option for class Ⅲ defect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of modified Twin-Block appliance on profile and PAR index of children with skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion CHEN Xin, SHEN Xiao-bo, PENG Jia-mei, FENG Xing-mei 2020, 48 (3):  199-203.  doi: 10.11958/20192339 Abstract ( 680 )   PDF (572KB) ( 3871 )   Objective To observe the effect of modified Twin-Block appliance on the profile and PAR index of children with class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion. Methods Data of 42 children with skeletal class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion in the Department of Stomatology of our hospital from December 2016 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into observation group and control group, with 21 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group were treated with modified Twin-Block appliances during the stage Ⅰ, and the control group was treated with the traditional Twin-Block appliances for six months. During the stage Ⅱ, both groups were treated with the standard edgewise archwire appliances. The X-ray cephalometric measurements were used to analyze the profile of the children. The changes of PAR index before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After 6-month treatment, compared with the control group, the base angle of the lower lip and the angle of buccal and labial groove increased in the observation group, and the distance between the convex point of the lower lip and the H-line decreased (P＜0.05); at the same time, the anterior teeth arrangement, posterior teeth arrangement, buccal occlusion, coverage, overbite (occlusion), midline and par total score significantly decreased in the observation group compared with those of control group (P＜0.01). Conclusion The modified Twin-Block appliance is helpful to improve the profiles and postoperative PAR indices of children with class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion, and it is worthy of clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of morphological and immunophenotypic features of bone marrow invasion in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma DING Ya-wen, WANG Peng-yu, JIAO Wen-jing, SHAO Jun-guo, MA Ming 2020, 48 (3):  204-208.  doi: 10.11958/20192590 Abstract ( 1634 )   PDF (1098KB) ( 3947 )   Objective To investigate the morphological and immunophenotypic features of the invasion in bone marrow in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) , and provide scientific basis for accurate diagnosis of bone marrow invasion by DLBCL cells. Methods From June 2014 to June 2019, samples of tumor tissues and peripheral blood of 59 cases of DLBCL were collected from the Fourth Hospital of the Hebei Medical University. The morphological and bone marrow pathological data, flow cytometry and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) features of the tumor cells of the patients with DLBCL were analyzed. Results In 59 cases of DLBCL patients with bone marrow invasion, the increased white blood cells, anemia and thrombocytopenia were found in the majority of these patients, and tumor cells were found in peripheral blood in 43 cases (72.88%). Bone marrow biopsy showed that the proportion of the lymphoma cells in bone marrow tissue ≥10％ was found in 31 patients (52.54%). The invasion pattern of the lymphoma cells was diffuse hyperplasia in the bone marrow, and hematopoietic tissue was significantly reduced or absent. The results of immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry showed that CD20, CD19, CD79b and cCD79a were positively expressed in the lymphoma cells. HLA-DR,CD22, sIgM, CD43, CD10, FMC7 and CD123 expressions were found in some patients. CD38, TdT, CD103, CD25, CD3, CD2, MPO, CD33, CD13, CD7 and CD56 were negatively expressed in these cells. C-myc gene rearrangement was not observed in 12 patients detected by FISH. Conclusion Bone marrow morphology and pathology combined with immunophenotype detection are the important basis for accurate diagnosis of DLBCL. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence factors for prognosis of stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ esophageal carcinoma patients treated with radical esophagectomy SONG Chun-yang, ZHU Shu-chai, SHEN Wen-bin, GAO Si-na, SU Jing-wei, LI Juan, ZHAO Yan, XU Jin-rui, LI Shu-guang, LIU Zhi-kun 2020, 48 (3):  209-215.  doi: 10.11958/20192423 Abstract ( 717 )   PDF (533KB) ( 4302 )   Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of patients with stage Ⅱ-Ⅲesophageal carcinoma after radical esophagectomy. Methods The clinical data of 716 patients with stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ esophageal carcinoma after radical surgery from 2007 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed by log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was performed by a Cox regression model. Results The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 79.85%, 58.27% and 49.73%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that gender, adhesion degree in operation, number of positive lymph nodes, T stage and postoperative adjuvant therapy were independent factors for overall survival (OS) (all P＜0.05). The patients with stage Ⅱa (n=342) obtained better OS in postoperative chemotherapy group compared with that of operation group and postoperative radiotherapy group (χ2=9.301 and 4.422,respectively, P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The patients with stage Ⅱ b (n=75) and Ⅲ (n=299) obtained better OS in postoperative chemoradiotherapy group and postoperative radiotherapy group compared with that of operation group (Ⅱb:χ2=3.926 and 4.605,respectively, P＜0.05; Ⅲ:χ2=8.504 and 7.435, respectively, P＜0.01). The 1- , 3- and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 71.23%, 49.32% and 38.26%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that gender, adhesion degree in operation, TNM stage and postoperative adjuvant therapy were independent factors for progression-free survival (PFS) (all P＜0.05). The patients with stage Ⅱ a obtained better PFS in postoperative chemotherapy group compared with that of operation group (χ2=7.481, P＜0.01). The patients with stage Ⅱb andⅢobtained better PFS in postoperative chemoradiotherapy group compared with that of operation group(χ2=6.684 and 5.741, respectively, P＜0.05). Conclusion Postoperative adjuvant therapy is important for the prognosis of stage Ⅱ - Ⅲ esophageal cancer patients after radical esophagectomy. Patients with stage Ⅱ a treated with postoperative chemotherapy and stage Ⅱb-Ⅲtreated with adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy can obtain better prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical features and treatment of intraocular metastatic tumors REN Ming-yu, WU Yi-xiang, HAN Rui-juan, ZHOU Mei-mei, LI Rui-miao, LIU Li-min 2020, 48 (3):  216-219.  doi: 10.11958/20192908 Abstract ( 877 )   PDF (565KB) ( 4928 )   Objective To analyze the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of intraocular metastatic tumors.Methods Sixteen patients were retrospectively analyzed to study the clinical manifestations, imaging features,treatment and prognosis of intraocular metastatic tumors. Results The ocular symptom was the first symptom in all cases. Fundus examination showed that 10 cases were grayish yellow, 3 cases were dark red, and 3 cases showed obvious retinal detachment and exudation, which covered the presence of masses. Neovascular glaucoma was found in 5 cases. Ultrasound showed that all the cases were solid lesions, and 11 cases with local retinal detachment. Ultrasound color doppler showed abundant blood flow in 6 cases, small point blood flow signal in 9 cases, and no clear blood flow signal in 1 case. Orbital CT showed definite mass in 10 cases, and local ball wall thickening in 6 cases. Eleven cases underwent orbital MRI examination, T1WI and T2WI showed moderate signal of lesion. After 3 months to 2 years of follow-up, patients were found systemic lesions,including 6 cases of lung cancer, 6 cases of digestive system tumors, 3 cases of breast cancer, and 1 case of endometrial cancer. Nine cases died of systemic disease, and 7 cases followed-up within 6 months. The general condition of the 7 cases was poor, and 3 cases showed obvious cachexia. Conclusion Intraocular metastatic tumors are solid lesions. Comprehensive ocular examination, combined with detailed medical history, and systemic examinations should be performed to detect systemic lesions in time to prevent the omission of systemic lesions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of jianshenxiaodao granule on children with functional dyspepsia LI Juan, ZHAO Yu, WU Ying-ping, WANG Jing, ZHANG Shu-hong 2020, 48 (3):  220-223.  doi: 10.11958/20193351 Abstract ( 841 )   PDF (366KB) ( 4406 )   Objective To evaluate the efficacy of jianshenxiaodao granule for children with functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods From December 2016 to November 2018, 120 patients met Rome IV criteria were enrolled and divided into jianshenxiaodao granule group and domperidone group. Clinical symptoms and electrogastrogram were observed before and after treatment in two groups. The clinical efficacy of two groups was compared after two-week treatment and two-week follow-up. Results There were no significant differences in the sex, age, duration of disease, number of basal symptoms including abdominal pain, anorexia, sour regurgitation, belchin, nausea and vomiting between two groups (P＞0.05). In the 2 groups after treatment (before meal and after meal), the gastric motility and the abnormal rate of gastric electrical rhythm were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). The total effective rate was better in observation group than that of control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The jianshenxiaodao granule can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of children with FD,enhance the gastric motility and improve the clinical efficacy that lasts until 8 weeks after drug withdrawal, which is worthy of further clinical promotion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of Mason Ⅲ radial head fracture with columnar sacrum by self-invented bone extractor: a case report LIAO Jian-ping, CAI Liang, ZHANG Yu 2020, 48 (3):  224-227.  doi: 10.11958/20192605 Abstract ( 645 )   PDF (612KB) ( 3791 )   It is very difficult to fix the comminuted radial head fracture of Mason type Ⅲ. Surgical methods include radial head resection, screw and plate fixation, and artificial radial head replacement. However, the surgical methods are controversial. In this article, a case of reconstruction of the radial head and obtaining a good function of the elbow joint with the self-made bone harvester was reported. This paper introduces the method of reconstructing the radial head with selfmade bone remover, and provides new ideas for the treatment of unstable comminuted radial small head fracture in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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A case report of hypertrophic and dilated left ventricular noncompaction FENG Chao, JIANG Han-tao, CHEN Shu-tao, FENG Jin-ping 2020, 48 (3):  227-230.  doi: 10.11958/20192512 Abstract ( 698 )   PDF (846KB) ( 5307 )   Noncompaction of ventricular myocardium (NVM) is a rare cardiomyopathy. In recent years, more and more cases have been reported due to the improvement of diagnosis of the disease, but most of them are dilated left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), with few other types. This case was a hypertrophic and dilated LVNC. We hope to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the rare LVNC by combining the characteristics of this case with the summary of relevant literature. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Toll-like receptor 4-modulated autophagy and renal disease YI Yang, XIE Kai-qing 2020, 48 (3):  231-236.  doi: 10.11958/20193078 Abstract ( 710 )   PDF (413KB) ( 5242 )   Autophagy is a highly conserved decomposition process that contributes to the removal of cytoplasmic components, including protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Autophagy not only degrades products, but also is a dynamic recovery system that produces new proteins and energy for cell repairment and homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) that mediates pathogen recognition and immune activation receptor protein can induce inflammation and regulate autophagy. The abnormal autophagy is involved in the occurrence and development of various kidney diseases. This article reviews the recent studies of TLR4-mediated autophagy and kidney diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the application of kinematic alignment in total knee arthroplasty ZHAO Chun-tao, QING Ming-song, PENG Jia-chen 2020, 48 (3):  236-240.  doi: 10.11958/20192360 Abstract ( 843 )   PDF (371KB) ( 3987 )   Total knee replacement is one of the most effective methods for the treatment of end-stage knee osteoarthritis. At present, the method of mechanical alignment is mainly used in the lower limb alignment of the knee replacement, which can improve the function of the knee joint, but some patients can also produce the postoperative knee joint pain, limited activity and other complications, resulting in poor satisfaction after operation. In recent years, more and more studies have begun to focus on moving mechanics alignment techniques and applied it to clinical practice. The kinematic alignment technique is aimed at the reconstruction of the anatomical structure of patients, keeping the motion axis of the knee joint prosthesis in line with the physiological motion axis of the knee joint, reducing the release of soft tissues and ligaments around the knee joint, and realizing the physiological kinematics of the knee joint. In this paper, the study of the method of dynamic mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty is reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics