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15 March 2022, Volume 50 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Role of IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway in the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia CHEN Zhe, ZHANG Ling, YUAN Xiaofei, LIU Jie, GAO Binghua, ZHANG Bin 2022, 50 (3):  225-230.  doi: 10.11958/20211925 Abstract ( 735 )   PDF (712KB) ( 2658 )   Objective　To investigate the mechanism of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1)/tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) pathway on the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods　Fifty-four patients with AML were selected as the research objects (the AML group), another 30 patients with iron deficiency anemia treated in our hospital were used as the control group. Bone marrow monocytes were isolated from all subjects. Human AML cell lines HL-60, KG-1, U937 and human normal monocyte line THP-1 were cultured in vitro. HL-60 cells were divided into the blank group (transfection Lipofectamine 3000 reagent), the negative control (NC) group (transfection empty plasmid) and the IRAK1 short hairpin RNA (IRAK1 shRNA) group (transfection IRAK1 shRNA). The expression levels of IRAK1 mRNA and TRAF6 mRNA in monocytes were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation inhibition rate of HL-60 cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of β-catenin, CyclinD1, anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), apoptosis protein Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax) and IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway protein. Results　Compared with the control group, the expression levels of IRAK1 mRNA and TRAF6 mRNA were significantly higher in the AML group (P＜0.05). Compared with those in THP-1 cells, the expression levels of IRAK1 mRNA and TRAF6 mRNA were significantly higher in KG-1, U937 and HL-60 cells, and the HL-60 cells were the highest (P＜0.05). Compared with those in the blank group and the NC group, the inhibition rate of cell proliferation, apoptosis rate and Bax protein expression were significantly higher in the IRAK1 shRNA group, and the expression levels of IRAK1 mRNA, TRAF6 mRNA, β-catenin, CyclinD1, Bcl-2, phosphorylation-IRAK1(p-IRAK1)/IRAK1, TRAF6 and nuclear factor-кB(NF-кB) protein expression were significantly lower (P＜0.05). Conclusion　IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway is related to the occurrence and development of AML. The inhibition of IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway can inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of human AML cell line HL-60. IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway may be a potential target for AML treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of C/EBPβ mediates podocyte injury through pim-1 CHENG Weili, CHEN Xiaopan, QI Yuanyuan, WEN Lu, WANG Xiaoyang 2022, 50 (3):  230-235.  doi: 10.11958/20211911 Abstract ( 552 )   PDF (532KB) ( 2763 )   Objective　To explore the mechanism of the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-beta (C/EBPβ) /serine/threonine kinase 1 (pim-1) /NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) axis mediating renal podocyte injury in mice. Methods　After in vitro culturing and transfecting, mouse renal podocytes were divided into the Control group, the siRNA-NC group (podocytes were transfected with siRNA-NC), the siC/EBPβ group (podocytes were transfected with C/EBPβ lentivirus), the Vector-NC group (podocytes were transfected with empty vector) and the pim-1-OE group (podocytes were transfected with pim-1 overexpressed lentivirus). After podocytes were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), podocytes were divided into the LPS+ATP group, the LPS+ATP+siRNA-NC group, the LPS+ATP+siC/EBPβ group, the LPS+ATP+siC/EBPβ+Vector-NC group and the LPS+ATP+siC/EBPβ+pim-1-OE group. C/EBPβ and pim-1 mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The levels of C/EBPβ, pim-1, NLRP3, p20 cysteine protease (Caspase)-1, Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and p17 interleukin (IL) -1β were detected by Western blot assay. The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (chip) and dual luciferase reporter assay were used to detect the binding of C/EBPβ to pim-1 gene promoter. Results　Compared with the Control group and the siRNA-NC group, the level of C/EBPβ and pim-1mRNA were significantly decreased in the siC/EBPβ group (P＜0.01). Compared with the Control group, the levels of NLRP3, p20Caspase-1, p17IL-1β protein and IL-6 were significantly increased in the LPS+ATP group (P＜0.01). Compared with the LPS+ATP+siRNA-NC group, the levels of NLRP3, p20Caspase-1, p17IL-1β protein and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the LPS+ATP+siC/EBPβ group (P＜0.01). Chip assay and luciferase reporter assays showed that C/EBPβ could bind to pim-1 gene promoter. Compared with the Control group and the Vector-NC group, the level of pim-1mRNA was significantly increased in the pim-1-OE group (P＜0.05). Compared with the LPS+ATP+siC/EBPβ+Vector-NC group, the levels of NLRP3, p20Caspase-1, GSDMD, p17IL-1β protein and IL-6 were significantly increased in the LPS+ATP+siC/EBPβ+pim-1-OE group (P＜0.05). Conclusion　The C/EBPβ/pim-1/NLRP3 axis may be involved in podocyte injury, providing a potential therapeutic target for patients with lupus nephritis. Related Articles | Metrics

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A preliminary study of the inhibitory effect of salidroside on differentiation and polarization of osteoclasts YI Qingqing, LIANG Pengchen, SUN Miaomiao, YANG Rong, LIANG Dongyu, SHA Shuang, CHANG Qing 2022, 50 (3):  236-240.  doi: 10.11958/20212038 Abstract ( 561 )   PDF (2171KB) ( 2642 )   Objective　To investigate the inhibitory effect of salidroside (SAL) on osteoclast differentiation and polarization. Methods　RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro and induced into osteoclasts by adding solvable receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (sRANKL) for 5 days. The control group (culture medium without SAL) and the experimental group (culture medium with SAL in dosage of 15, 30, 60 mg/L respectively) were set. The results of inducing differentiation were compared by TRAP staining. F-Actin ring formation and osteoclast calcification were compared by phalloidin staining and alizarin red staining. Real time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect expression levels of MMP-9, c-Src, CK and Integrin β3. The expression levels of MMP-9 and c-Src proteins were detected by Western blot assay. Results　Compared with the control group, the number of TRAP positive cells, and F-Actin ring formation were significantly reduced in each experimental group. The calcification of osteoclasts and the alizarin red staining of osteoclasts were significantly deepened, indicating the the increased calcification (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of MMP-9, CK and c-Src mRNA decreased in the 30 and 60 mg/L SAL groups, and the expression levels of MMP-9 and c-Src protein decreased significantly in each group. Conclusion　Salidroside can inhibit the differentiation, polarization and bone resorption of osteoclasts, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of MMP-9 and c-Src expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of LincRNA-P21 on metastasis and invasion of triple negative breast cancer cells by targeting miR-17-3p AO Xiang, LIANG Hongling, ZHAN Yongtao, JIANG Ming, XIA Haoming 2022, 50 (3):  241-247.  doi: 10.11958/20211157 Abstract ( 624 )   PDF (2242KB) ( 2647 )   Objective　To investigate the effect of LincRNA-P21 on the migration and invasion of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by targeting miR-17-3p. Methods　qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of LincRNA-P21 and miR-17-3p in tumor tissues, normal adjacent tissues and 6 kinds of breast cells (normal breast cells MCF-10A, breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-468, BT549 and T47D). MDA-MB-231 cells were taken. LincRNA-P21 was overexpressed alone (the control group, the pcDNA3.1 blank group and the pcDNA - LincRNA-P21 group), miR-17-3p expression was inhibited (the control group, the miR-17-3p blank group and the miR-17-3p inhibitor group), and overexpression LincRNA-P21+ inhibited miR-17-3p (the control group, the miR-17-3p inhibitor group and the pcDNA-LincRNA-P21+miR-17-3p inhibitor group). The proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The number of colonies was detected by colony formation assay. The migration ability was detected by cell scratch assay, and the invasion ability was detected by Transwell assay. The protein expressions of E-cadherin and Vimentin were detected by Western blot assay. Results　The expression of LincRNA-P21 was significantly lower in TNBC than that in adjacent tissues (0.48±0.03 vs.1.03±0.06, t=11.714, P＜0.01). The expression of miR-17-3p was significantly higher in TNBC than that in adjacent tissues (2.93±0.17 vs. 1.02±0.04, t=15.593, P＜0.01). The expression levels of LincRNA-P21 mRNA in different breast cancer cell lines were significantly lower than that in MCF-10A (P＜0.01). The expressions of miR-17-3p mRNA in different breast cancer cell lines were significantly higher than that in MCF-10A (P＜0.01). Theoverexpression of LincRNA-P21 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion (P＜0.01). The inhibition of miR-17-3p expression could reduce cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion (P＜0.01). Compared with the miR-NC group, the overexpression of LincRNA-P21 and inhibition of miR-17-3p could significantly reduce cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion (P＜0.01), increase the expression of E-cadherin and inhibit the expression of vimentin (P＜0.01). Conclusion　LincRNA-P21 can reduce miR-17-3p expression and inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion through competitive binding. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prefrontal cortex and hippocampal PPAR-α pathway participate in N-palmitoylethanolamine anti-depression-like behaviors in rats LI Ruirui, ZHANG Luwen, ZHANG Miao, YU Hailing 2022, 50 (3):  248-253.  doi: 10.11958/20211792 Abstract ( 612 )   PDF (1250KB) ( 2625 )   Objective　To investigate the role of N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in regulating the depression-like behavior induced by chronic stress in rats, which is mediated by a potential target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Methods　Fifty SD rats are randomly divided into the normal control group, the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model group, the fluoxetine group (positive drug control, 10 mg/kg), the PEA group (10 mg/kg), and the PEA+MK886 group (PEA 10 mg/kg+MK886 3 mg/kg). In addition to the normal control group, other groups were given CUMS intervention for 4 weeks to establish depression model. After 1 week of modeling, groups were given corresponding drug intervention for 4 weeks. On the thirty-sixth day, after rats were anesthetized and sacrificed, the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were quickly separated and preserved. The expression of polysialic acid - nerve cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) protein in cortex prefrontal lobe (PFC) and hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemical method. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) levels in rat PFC or hippocampus. Results　Compared with the CUMS model group, PEA up-regulated the protein expression of PSA-NCAM in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and BDNF and GDNF in prefrontal cortex, and down-regulated the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the PEA group. Compared with the PEA group, the rats in the MK886 group down-regulated protein expression levels of PSA-NCAM, BDNF and GDNF, and up-regulated the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB of prefrontal cortex or hippocampus. Conclusion　PEA plays a neuroprotective role by regulating PPARα pathway in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus to promote neural plasticity, relieve neuroinflammation, thus improving depression like behavior in CUMS rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of glyburide on atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation induction in diabetic rats HUO Ning, ZHAN Xiaoping, ZHOU Mengzhu, ZHANG Yue, LIANG Xue, LI Guangping, LIU Changle 2022, 50 (3):  253-258.  doi: 10.11958/20212148 Abstract ( 690 )   PDF (642KB) ( 2590 )   Objective　To investigate the effect of glyburide (GLB) on the induction of atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF) in diabetes mellitus (DM) rats. Methods　Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into the three groups: the control group (Ctl group), the diabetes group (DM group) and the diabetes + GLB group (GLB group), with 16 rats in each group. The DM animal model was established by streptozotocin method, and the GLB group was given GLB (10 mg/kg) daily by gavage. The animals were fed under the same conditions for 6 weeks, and fasting blood glucose and body weight were recorded at the sixth weeks. The early diastolic peak velocity (E), late diastolic peak velocity (A), left atrial diameter, ejection fraction, left ventricular short axis shortening rate, E/A, pulmonary artery flow acceleration time, mean pulmonary artery pressure, systolic and diastolic ventricular septum, left ventricular diameter and left ventricular posterior wall thickness were measured by cardiac ultrasound 6 weeks later. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were measured. The atrioventricular, wenckebach cyclelength, recovery time of sinoatrial node, effective refractory period and AF induction rate of rats were measured by electrophysiological experiment. Epicardial activation mapping experiment was used to detect absolute inhomogeneity index, conduction heterogeneity and epicardial conduction velocity. Masson staining was used to detect left atrium fibrosis, and collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated. Results　Compared with the DM group, lower heart body mass ratio and ventricular body mass ratio, lower left atrial inner diameter were found in the GLB group (P＜0.05). Compared with the Ctl group, the epicardial conduction velocity was decreased and the relative conduction heterogeneity was increased in the DM group. Compared with the DM group, epicardial conduction velocity was increased in the GLB group (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in conduction relative heterogeneity. Compared with the DM group, the GLB group had shorter R-R interval and lower AF induction rate (P＜0.05). Compared with the Ctl group, the degree of atrial muscle fibrosis was worse and CVF increased in the GLB and the DM groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion　DM can promote atrial fibrosis in rats, which is correlated with the incidence of AF. GLB can reduce the induction rate of AF by delaying the progression of myocardial fibrosis in DM rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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LncRNA PVT1 upregulates CHI3L1 and affects the progression of allergic rhinitis by competition with miR-149-5p JIANG Yuqiu, TANG Qiaofei, YAN Zhiyong, ZHANG Shuang 2022, 50 (3):  259-264.  doi: 10.11958/20211109 Abstract ( 462 )   PDF (817KB) ( 2873 )   Objective　To investigate the effect of long non coding RNA (LncRNA) PVT1 on allergic rhinitis (AR) and its related mechanism. Methods　A total of 24 BALB/c mice were used in this study, of which 6 mice were in the normal group, and the remaining 18 mice were treated with ovalbumin (OVA) and Al (OH)3 to establish the AR model. Eighteen mice were randomly divided into the model group, the AR+NC group (empty vector lentivirus injected via tail vein) and the AR+shPVT1 group (shPVT1 lentivirus injected via tail vein). The behavioral score was used to investigate allergic symptoms of the mice in each group. HE staining was used to analyze the pathological changes of nasal mucosa in mice. qPCR was used to detect LncRNA PVT1, miR-149-5p and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) relative mRNA expression. The protein expression of CHI3L1 was detected by Western blot assay. The serum levels of IgE, IL-5 and TNF-α were analyzed by ELISA. Luciferase reporter vector of LncRNA PVT1 and CHI3L1 of wild type (WT) and mutant type (MT) were constructed and transfected into 293T cells with miR-149-5p mimic. The relative luciferase activity was analyzed by double luciferase assay. Results　Compared with the model group, the behavior score was significantly decreased， serum levesls of IgE, IL-5 and TNF-α were reduced, the relative mRNA or protein expression of LncRNA PVT1 and CHI3L1 were significantly decreased, the relative mRNA of miR-149-5p was increased and the inflammatory response of the nasal mucosa was reduced in the AR+shPVT1 group. Dual luciferase assay confirmed that LncRNA PVT1 up-regulated the expression of miR-149-5p target gene CHI3L1 through competitive binding miR-149-5p. Conclusion　LncRNA PVT1, which is abnormally highly expressed in AR model mice, can inhibit the expression of miR-149-5p and enhance the expression of CHI3L1 by exerting its ceRNA function, thus promote inflammatory symptoms of nasal mucosa tissue and allergic reactions in mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the protective mechanism of astragalus polysaccharides on functional activity of osteoblasts in ovariectomy rats ZHAI Xinxiang, DONG Hui, WANG Jing, WANG Yongxiang 2022, 50 (3):  265-269.  doi: 10.11958/20211440 Abstract ( 465 )   PDF (435KB) ( 2558 )   Objective　To explore the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the functional activity of osteoblasts and nuclear factor E2 related factor (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) pathways in ovariectomy rats. Methods　The rat model of osteoporosis was constructed by bilateral ovariectomy, and model rats were divided into the model group, the estradiol (0.1 mg/kg) group, the APS group (20 mg/kg) and the APS (20 mg/kg) + all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (7 mg/kg) group, 15 rats in each group. Fifteen healthy rats were enrolled as the sham operation group (normal saline). After 8 weeks of intervention, tibia density and bone mineral content were detected by X-ray absorptiometry. The characters of biomechanics were detected by three-point bending method. The bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated and osteoblast differentiation was induced in each group. The activity of osteoblasts was detected by MTT. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was detected by Bradford method. The calcium deposition was measured by o-cresolphthalein complexone. The levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), bone gla protein (BGP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 were detected by Western blot assay. Results　Compared with the sham operation group, bone mineral density, bone mineral content, maximum load, fracture energy, activities of osteoblasts, ALP, calcium deposition, levels of BMP2, BGP, OPG, SOD, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 were decreased in the model group (P＜0.05), while MDA level increased (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the bone mineral density, bone mineral content, maximum load, fracture energy, osteoblast activity, ALP activity, calcium deposition and BMP2, BGP, OPG, SOD levels increased in the estradiol group and the astragalus polysaccharide group, the level of MDA decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with the astragalus polysaccharide group, the above indicators showed the opposite trend in the astragalus polysaccharide+ARTA group (P＜0.05). Conclusion　APS can improve osteoblast function in ovariectomy rats, which may be related to activating Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathways. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the mechanism of naringenin improving insulin resistance in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome based on PI3K/AKT pathway XU Jing, SHEN Liyuan, QU Qinghua 2022, 50 (3):  270-275.  doi: 10.11958/20212367 Abstract ( 680 )   PDF (847KB) ( 2554 )   Objective　To explore the molecular mechanism of naringenin in preventing and treating insulin resistance in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) based on the aspect of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. Methods　SD rats were injected with dehydroepiandrosterone subcutaneously on the back daily to establish a PCOS model. The model rats were randomly divided into the model group, the naringenin group, the PI3K inhibitor group, and the naringenin+PI3K inhibitor group, with 15 rats in each group. At the same time, 15 SD rats were subcutaneously injected with oil 2 mL/kg on the neck and back, and they were used as the normal control group. The levels of blood glucose, insulin, blood lipids, and reproductive hormones were detected in each group. The morphology of ovary was observed with HE staining. The positive expression of p-PI3K was detected with immunohistochemical method. The protein expression of PI3K/AKT pathway phosphorylated protein, and pathway related protein-insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), glycogen synthase-3β (GSK-3β), glucose transporter factor-4 (GLUT4), phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) were detected with Western blot assay. Results　Compared with the normal control group, the ovarian tissue of the model group showed symptoms of pathological damage such as follicular cystic dilatation, decreased corpus luteum number and granulosa cell layer, and increased atretic follicles, increased levels of blood lipid and blood sugar, increased insulin resistance, and disordered secretion of reproductive hormones, decreased PI3K/AKT pathway phosphorylated proteins and pathway-related proteins IRS-1, GSK-3β phosphorylated protein and GLUT4 protein expression, and increased expression of PTEN protein (P＜0.05). Naringenin could reduce pathological damage such as cystic dilatation of follicles, promote PI3K/AKT pathway phosphorylated proteins and pathway-related proteins IRS-1, GSK-3β phosphorylated protein and GLUT4 protein expression, improve the disorder of reproductive hormone secretion, reduce insulin resistance, blood glucose and blood lipid levels and PTEN protein expression (P＜0.05). PI3K inhibitors could attenuate the above effects of naringenin (P＜0.05). Conclusion　Naringenin can promote the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, reduce blood glucose and blood lipid levels and insulin resistance, and improve reproductive hormone disorders and ovarian polycystic changes in PCOS rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of extended trans-lamina terminalis approach for intra- and extra- ventricular craniopharyngiom WU Jiang, BU Jiyuan, SUN Liang, LU Xiaocheng, DING Yu, YU Zhengquan, CHEN Gang 2022, 50 (3):  276-280.  doi: 10.11958/20211604 Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (1235KB) ( 2587 )   Objective　To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of extended endplate approach for microsurgical resection of craniopharyngioma inside and outside the suprasellar third ventricle. Methods　The clinical data of 38 cases of craniopharyngioma, including 22 males and 16 females, who underwent extended endplate approach microsurgery for suprasellar third ventricle were retrospectively analyzed. Imaging data suggested that 14 cases were simple cystic disease, 12 cases were simple substantive disease, 12 cases were cystic solid disease, and 15 cases were tumor with calcification indicated by CT. Preoperative and postoperative imaging data, hormone levels, visual field and pathological results were collected. Results　Among the 38 patients, 34 patients (89.5%) received total resection through extended endplate approach, 3 patients (7.9%) received subtotal resection and 1 patient (2.6%) received partial resection. There were no surgery-related deaths. Thirty-one patients showed improved visual acuity or had no change within 1 month after operation. Postoperative follow-up was (54.5±7.3) months, 4 patients had tumor recurrence, including 2 patients who received re-operation and 2 patients who received radiotherapy. Conclusion　Extended endplate approach for microsurgical resection of craniopharyngioma in and out of the third suprasellar ventricle has a high total resection rate, fewer postoperative complications and is beneficial to the protection of pituitary stalk optic nerve. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of single nucleotide polymorphism of ABCC2 gene on disease-free survival in postoperative patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma CAO Fang, SUN Zhiwei, SHI Youwu, SUN Jing, DU Feng, XIAO Yanjie, YU Jing, JIA Jun, YANG Ying 2022, 50 (3):  280-285.  doi: 10.11958/20212198 Abstract ( 535 )   PDF (429KB) ( 2551 )   Objective　To explore the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of pharmacokinetic genes and postoperative disease-free survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and to evaluate the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery. Methods　Seventy-seven patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were selected in the study. Seven SNPs-ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) rs1045642, rs2032582, rs3213619, ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) rs2231137, rs2231142, ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) rs246221 and ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2) rs3740066 were sequenced, and the relationship between genetic variation and disease-free survival was evaluated by Cox regression model. Semi-Bayesian shrinkage method was applied to correct for multiple comparison and small sample size issues. Results　With the dominant genetic model, the minor allele of ABCC2 rs3740066 was significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival [crude hazard ratio (cHR) 95%CI= 4.623 (1.111-19.241), P=0.035, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 95% CI= 4.290 (1.010-18.215), P=0.048]. Conclusion　The SNP rs3740066 of pharmacokinetic gene ABCC2 is associated with postoperative disease-free survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence factors of anti-thrombotic therapy in patients with ischemic stroke complicated with calf muscle venous thrombosis ZHANG Yuan, MA Jingjian, GONG Zhongying, JIANG Sensen, WANG Zhiyun 2022, 50 (3):  286-291.  doi: 10.11958/20212158 Abstract ( 619 )   PDF (487KB) ( 2585 )   Objective　To explore the influence factors of anti-thrombotic therapy in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) complicated with calf muscular vein thrombosis (CMVT). Methods　A total of 149 patients with IS complicated with CMVT were divided into the non-rivaroxaban group (n=67) and the rivaroxaban group (n=82) according to whether they were treated with rivaroxaban or not. The clinical baseline data were collected and compared between the two groups. After treatment, ineffective events and bleeding events were recorded in the 2 groups, and the risk factors of ineffective events and bleeding events were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results　In the non-rivaroxaban group, the proportion of creatinine clearance rate(CLcr)＜50 mL/min, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, complicated coronary heart disease, old cerebral hemorrhage, history of gastric ulcer, history of infection, using aspirin together, 1.4 mmol/L＜low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)≤1.8 mmol/L and non high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C)＜2.2 mmol/L were significantly higher than those of the rivaroxaban group, and the proportion of 1.8 mmol/L＜LDL-C≤2.6 mmol/L, combined hypertension and using statin were significantly lower (P＜0.05). The incidence of ineffective events was significantly higher in the non-rivaroxaban group than that in the rivaroxaban group, and the incidence of bleeding events was significantly lower than that in the rivaroxaban group (P＜0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that rivaroxaban was not used and old cerebral hemorrhage were independent risk factors for ineffective events (P＜0.05), while using rivaroxaban and increased NIHSS score were independent risk factors for bleeding events (P＜0.05). Conclusion　Rivaroxaban can be used to reduce the incidence of ineffective events in IS patients with CMVT while increasing the incidence of bleeding events. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of CT three-dimensional reconstruction in the assessment of sentinel lymph node status and drainage pathways in breast cancer MA Xiaokai, GUO Fei, ZHU Jinhai, ZHU Lin, CHEN Chunchun, HUANG Jiankang, MA Yichuan 2022, 50 (3):  291-295.  doi: 10.11958/20212150 Abstract ( 663 )   PDF (717KB) ( 2566 )   Objective　To explore the application value of using CT three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method in assessing the status of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) and its drainage pathway in breast cancer. Methods　Computed tomography lymphodography (CT-LG) was performed in 23 patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). After 3D volume reconstruction, the image showed SLN and the drainage lymphatic vessels. The metastasis of the SLN was evaluated by imaging features, such as the morphology and filling of lymph nodes, and compared with the postoperative pathological results. SLN and its connected lymphatic vessels displayed by CT-LG were compared with the SLN and its connected lymphatic vessels dissected during SLNB operation to further verify the clinical application value of CT 3D reconstruction. Results　A total of 20 patients were successfully detected, with a detected rate of 86.9%. The number of SLN detected by SLNB was significantly higher than that detected by CT-LG (Z=3.568, P＜0.01). An unconventional drainage pathway SLN was found before the operation through CT-LG technology, which was sent out from the lymphatic plexus in the areola and entered the posterior breast space through the glandular layer. Among 34 lymph nodes displayed by CT-LG, 26 were pathologically negative, of which 20 lymph nodes showed uniform filling, 6 showed filling defects, and 8 were pathologically positive, all showing filling defects. The proportion of filling defects in pathologically positive SLN lymph nodes was higher than that of pathologically negative SLN (P＜0.01). Conclusion　The CT 3D reconstruction method is helpful for the precise positioning of sentinel lymph nodes, and it can also find the SLN of unconventional drainage pathways. For imaging manifestations of filling defects, tumor cell infiltration should be considered. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of alteplase intravenous thrombolysis combined with butylphthalide on neurological function and coagulation function in patients with acute severe cerebral infarction XIE Taobo, ZHONG Chunzheng, FU Yaotian, WANG Guoqing, MI Donghua 2022, 50 (3):  296-300.  doi: 10.11958/20210957 Abstract ( 590 )   PDF (425KB) ( 2583 )   Objective　To investigate the effect of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase combined with butylphthalide on neurological function and coagulation function in patients with acute severe cerebral infarction. Methods　A total of 120 patients with acute severe cerebral infarction were divided into the control group and the observation group according to different treatment methods, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with alteplase intravenous thrombolysis, and the observation group was treated with alteplase intravenous thrombolysis combined with butylphthalide for 14 days. The curative effects and the National Institutes of Health Neurological Deficit Score (NIHSS) were compared between the two groups. The coagulation function was measured by automatic coagulation analyzer, and the neurotransmitter level was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Changes of cerebral blood flow perfusion were detected by cerebral perfusion CT, and the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment was recorded in the two groups of patients. Results　The clinical efficacy and total effective rate were better in the observation group than those of the control group (P＜0.05). The NIHSS of the two groups were significantly lower after treatment than those before treatment, and the decrease was more significant in the observation group (P＜0.05). The values of serum prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) were higher in the observation group than those in the control group (P＜0.05), and the values of fibrinogen (FIB) and mean transit time (MTT) were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (11.67% vs. 8.33%, P＞0.05). Conclusion Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase combined with butylphthalide can effectively improve cerebral blood flow perfusion and coagulation function in patients with acute severe cerebral infarction, promote the repair and reconstruction of neurological function, and has high safety, which is worthy of clinical recommendation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein 6 (TNFαIP6) gastric cancer and its relationship with prognosis QI Likun, WANG Wei 2022, 50 (3):  300-304.  doi: 10.11958/20211402 Abstract ( 651 )   PDF (509KB) ( 2611 )   Objective　To investigate the the expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein 6 (TNFαIP6)in gastric cancer and its correlation to clinicopathological features and survival outcome of gastric cancer patients. Methods　The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 133 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical resection in our hospital were retrospectively collected. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the expression of TNFαIP6 in gastric cancer tissues, and the correlation between TNFαIP6 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to compare the survival difference between patients with high TNFαIP6 expression and patients with low TNFαIP6 expression. The independent prognostic value of TNFαIP6 expression for gastric cancer patients was determined by Cox multivariate regression analysis. Results　Among 133 patients, TNFαIP6 expression levels were high in 52 patients and low expression levels in 81 patients. The proportion of TNFαIP6 expression increased significantly in patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, Borrmann type Ⅳ, T3-T4 tumors, M1 stage and lymphatic vascular invasion. Kaplan-meier survival curve showed that the 5-year overall survival rate of patients with high TNFαIP6 expression was significantly lower than that of patients with low TNFαIP6 expression (56.5% vs. 82.9%, Log-rank χ2=12.404, P<0.01). Cox multivariate analysis confirmed that T3-T4 tumor (HR=2.291, 95%CI: 1.028-5.103), M1 stage (HR=3.628, 95%CI: 1.421-9.260) and high expression of TNFαIP6 (HR=2.742, 95%CI: 1.265-5.945) were independent risk factors affecting prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Conclusion　The high expression of TNFαIP6 in gastric cancer tissues is associated with the invasive characteristics of tumor, and which is an independent marker affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between meteorological parameters and outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke in Tangshan area WANG Fang, XUE Juanjuan, XIA Xiaoshuang, SHANG Shuling, ZHANG Fuqing, LI Xin 2022, 50 (3):  305-309.  doi: 10.11958/20211826 Abstract ( 595 )   PDF (420KB) ( 2573 )   Objective　To explore the correlation between meteorological parameters and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in Tangshan area. Methods　A total of 636 patients with AIS admitted to the Department of Neurology of Tangshan Xiehe Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. Clinical outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months after onset. The score of 0-2 was defined as the good outcome, and >2 was defined as the poor outcome. A total of 636 patients were enrolled in the study, and 413 had good outcome, 223 had poor outcome. Clinical basic data, laboratory tests and meteorological parameters were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for poor outcome in patients with AIS. Results　The values of age, the proportion of women and history of stroke, systolic pressure at admission, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, the proportion of complicated pneumonia, white blood cell count (WBC), fibrinogen (FIB), daily range of temperature, average daily wind speed and daily maximum wind speed were higher in the poor outcome group than those in the good outcome group (P＜0.05). However, the values of albumin (ALB), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), average daily temperature and average daily relative humidity were significantly lower in the poor outcome group than those in the good outcome group (all P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high NIHSS score, high daily range of temperature and rapid daily maximum wind speed were independent risk factors for poor outcome in patients with AIS (P＜0.05). Conclusion　Daily range of temperature and daily maximum wind speed are significantly correlated with outcome in patients with AIS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes and clinical significance of serum sLOX-1 and VILIP-1 in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy CHEN Xiaoling, CHEN Xiaojun, YANG Lixia, XING Shuwang, QIU Chengying 2022, 50 (3):  310-314.  doi: 10.11958/20211472 Abstract ( 511 )   PDF (468KB) ( 2617 )   Objective　To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum soluble lectin like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) and vertebral protein like protein-1 (VILIP-1) in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods　A total of 146 neonates with HIE were selected as the HIE group. According to the clinical grading standard of HIE, the neonates were divided into the mild group (n=58), the moderate group (n=52) and the severe group (n=36). Another 50 normal neonates were selected as the control group. The serum levels of sLOX-1 and VILIP-1 were detected at 24 h (T1), 48 h (T2) and 72 h (T3) after birth in the HIE group, and the control group was detected at 24 h after birth (T1). Results　The 5 min Apgar score and NBNA score were significantly lower in the HIE group than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Over time, the serum levels of sLOX-1 and VILIP-1 were decreased in the HIE group (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum levels of VILIP-1 at each time point and the serum levels of sLOX-1 at the T1 and T2 time points were increased in the HIE group (P＜0.05). Over time, the serum levels of sLOX-1 and VILIP-1 were decreased in the mild, moderate and severe groups, and the serum levels of sLOX-1 and VILIP-1 were increased successively at each time point in the mild, moderate and severe groups (P＜0.05). Serum levels of sLOX-1 and VILIP-1 were negatively correlated with 5 min Apgar score and NBNA score in neonates with HIE (P＜0.05). Serum levels of sLOX-1(AUC=0.784, 95%CI: 0.702-0.869) and VILIP-1 (AUC=0.752, 95%CI: 0.655-0.847) showed high diagnostic values for HIE. The sensitivity [0.863 (126/146)] and the specificity [0.840 (42/50)] of the combined detection were significantly improved, and the diagnostic value was further improved. Conclusion　The expression levels of serum sLOX-1 and VILIP-1 increase in HIE, and their expression levels are related to the severity of the disease. Dynamic monitoring of serum levels of sLOX-1 and VILIP-1 is of great significance for the early diagnosis and disease assessment of HIE. Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk factors of early high-risk ventricular arrhythmia in patients with STEMI ZHA Shuangying, FENG Liuliu, LIU Tianhua, HUANG Hongman 2022, 50 (3):  314-318.  doi: 10.11958/20212269 Abstract ( 615 )   PDF (431KB) ( 2586 )   Objective　To analyze the risk factors of early high-risk ventricular arrhythmia (HRVA) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods　Totally 164 patients with STEMI treated by emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the hospital were selected. According to the presence or absence of HRVA after operation, patients enrolled were divided into the HRVA group (n=31) and the non-HRVA group (n=133). Clinical data of the patients were collected, and Logistic regression analysis was performed to screen the risk factors of HRVA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of these indicators. Results　The proportion of patients with Killip grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ, T-peak end interval (Tpe) and corrected QT interval (QTc) were higher/longer in the HRVA group than those in the non-HRVA group (P＜0.05). Killip grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ, long Tpe and long QTc were independent risk factors for HRVA (P＜0.05). ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values and 95%CI of HRVA predicted by Killip classification, Tpe, QTc and their combination were 0.708 (0.592-0.824), 0.718 (0.614-0.822), 0.670 (0.562-0.777) and 0.843 (0.757-0.928), respectively. The prediction sensitivity and specificity of the three in combination were 74.21% and 88.01%. Conclusion　Killip grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ, high Tpe and high QTc are main risk factors of early HRVA in patients with STEMI. Combination of the three can achieve good predictive performance for HRVA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnostic value of RASSF1A and SHOX2 gene methylation detection combined with rapid on-site cytological evaluation in lung cancer REN Xuezhu, ZHANG Shusen, CAI Zhigang, LI Haitao, XU Xiaolan, QI Tianjie, LI Honglin 2022, 50 (3):  319-323.  doi: 10.11958/20212015 Abstract ( 1053 )   PDF (573KB) ( 2595 )   Objective　To evaluate the diagnostic value of RASSF1A and SHOX2 gene methylation detection combined with rapid on-site cytological evaluation (C-ROSE) in lung cancer. Methods　A total of 179 patients suspected lung cancer patients with RASSF1A and SHOX2 methylation detection and definite pathological diagnosis were selected, including 58 cases of lung cancer and 121 cases of benign lung disease. C-rose detection was performed in 114 of 179 patients (45 lung cancers and 69 benign lung lesions) by Diff-quick staining. Using pathological results as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of RASSF1A, SHOX2 methylation and/or C-ROSE in the diagnosis of lung cancer were analyzed. The consistency between the results of RASSF1A and SHOX2 methylation in different specimen types and different tumor types and pathological diagnosis was determined. Results　The sensitivity and specificity of RASSF1A combined with SHOX2 methylation detection were 77.59% (45/58) and 80.17% (97/121), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the coincidence rates between methylation and pathological diagnosis in lung biopsy and biopsy and alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens were 88.89% (8/9) and 79.75% (126/158), respectively, while the consistency of pleural fluid was less than 63.64% (7/11). In the subgroup analysis of lung cancer types, the accuracy of methylation detection was 100% (5/5) and 92.31% (12/13) in lung small cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. which was 66.67% (18/27) in lung adenocarcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity of C-ROSE detection were 75.56% (34/45) and 95.65% (66/69) respectively. The sensitivity of methylation detection combined with C-ROSE was 86.96% (39/45), and the specificity was 86.67% (60/69). Conclusion　RASSF1A, SHOX2 gene methylation and C-ROSE have a good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of lung cancer. The combination of the two will become an effective supplementary means for pathological diagnosis, and help to further improve the diagnostic efficiency of lung cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of single cell sequencing in lymphoma SI Junqi, YUAN Tian, LI Shijun, TIAN Chen 2022, 50 (3):  324-327.  doi: 10.11958/20212075 Abstract ( 764 )   PDF (376KB) ( 2634 )   The traditional high-throughput sequencing technology obtained after phenotyping analysis of tumor patients only represents the average phenotype of most cells, so a large amount of information will inevitably be lost. In order to make up for this shortcoming, single cell sequencing (SCS) technology arises at the right moment. As a revolutionary technology, it can analyze individual cells to gain insight into the differences in the microenvironment between tumor cells, and help the development of tumor targeted drugs. At present, this technology has been applied to a variety of lymphomas, including Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and shows great clinical application value. Related Articles | Metrics

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Etiology, pathological basis and treatment status of Morel-Lavallée injury LI Fangguo, ZHAO Jie, YANG Zhao, ZHANG Xi, SUN Jie 2022, 50 (3):  328-332.  doi: 10.11958/20211802 Abstract ( 1392 )   PDF (419KB) ( 2728 )   Morel-Lavallée lesion is a serious closed soft tissue degloving injury. It is mainly caused by high energy shear force, which can occur in different parts of body, often accompanied by pelvic, acetabular and other types of fractures. Although the incidence of this injury is not high, this kind of injury is very special. It is difficult to be identified in the early stage, and has a high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Clinical surgeons do not pay enough attention to this kind of injury, and often not timely or improperly handled, resulting in necrosis of skin and soft tissue, infection and many other complications. There is no standard classification system for Morel-Lavallée injury, which mainly relies on MRI radiological characteristics, but it has no practical significance for guiding clinical treatment and prognosis. Treatment options are varied, including pressure dressing, percutaneous aspiration, sclerosis, conservative treatment and open debridement. In this paper, the research status of Morel-Lavallée injury is reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of circRNAs on atrial fibrillation and its mechanism LU Jie, ZHANG Xin, WANG Tao, YANG Ning 2022, 50 (3):  333-336.  doi: 10.11958/20211678 Abstract ( 548 )   PDF (418KB) ( 2551 )   Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in department of cardiology, which is caused by abnormal cardiac conduction system. In severe cases, AF can induce heart failure, cardiogenic shock, stroke and thromboembolic disease, which is life-threatening. The early diagnosis and prediction of AF have always been an important problem for clinical workers. How to identify and predict AF as early as possible is the primary clinical task. In recent years, with the continuous development of molecular biology techniques, more and more studies have confirmed that circRNAs can participate in the occurrence of AF and promote the progression of the disease. To summarize the influence and mechanism of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of AF, we hope to provide new insights for the prevention and molecular targeted therapy of AF and strive for greater clinical benefits for patients. Related Articles | Metrics