Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of malignant clonal neoplasms originated in hematopoietic stem cells. Due to the continuous low peripheral blood leukocytes, the high-risk patients will also receive the treatment of demethylated drug, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. MDS are mostly the elderly, and there is a relatively high risk of infection in patients. It is known that the main cause of infection in MDS patients is neutropenia, in addition, the abnormal lymphocyte subgroups, iron overload, older age, and complications are also related factors of infection. Based on these risk factors, to evaluate the risk of infection, to provide early prevention and optimization of anti-infection treatment strategies can ultimately improve the treatment effect and prolong the overall survival time of the patients.

Key words: myelodysplastic syndromes, infection, therapeutic