Abstract: Abstract: Arthroplasty is a common operation in current joint surgery. It is the most effective treatment for end-stage joint diseases. However, postoperative bone around the prosthesis will be happened in the bone tissue around the joint due to various biological factors. This will lead to prosthetic loosening, which is called aseptic loosening, influences the postoperative effect negatively. Based on the previous studies, researchers give different opinions to explain its mechanism, such as the stress shielding produced by the different stiffness between prosthesis and bone tissue on the abnormity of bone metabolism, the effect of wear particles produced by the prosthesis on the metabolism of osteoblast and osteoclasts, the effect of endotoxin on osteolysis, the immune response caused by implants and the relationship between individual genetic differences and osteolysis. This article combines the current research results to elaborate the biological mechanism of the above-mentioned points, and puts forward personal views on the shortcomings of current treatment, which will provide references for follow-up research and clinical appliction.

Key words: arthroplasty, replacement, joint prosthesis, osteolysis, aseptic loosening, review