Abstract: Objective To investigate the characteristics and outcome of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in patients with neutropenia. Methods The clinical data of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in patients with neutropenia from January 2006 to December 2016 were respectively analyzed. Results In 32 patients with neutropenia, there were 20 cases with acute leukemia, 7 cases with severe aplastic anemian (SAA), and 5 cases of non-hodgkin lymphoma. All patients had long time to use broad-spectrum antibiotic history. Twenty-one patients had central venous catheters and eleven had peripheral venous catheters in situ. Twenty-five patients were found neutropenia due to chemotherapy, and seven cases with bone failure attributed to SAA. Seventeen patients were dead, and fifteen recovered. Drug susceptibility tests showed multiple drug resistance. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were partially susceptive to tigercycline, trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole, levofloxacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam. ceftazidime, minocycline and piperacillin-tazobactam. The severe neutropemia, thrombocytopenia, long duration of granulocyte reduction and polymicrobial infection were the adverse prognostic factors. Conclusion Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in patients with neutropenia has a high mortality rate, which needs to timely diagnose and treatment with effective antibiotics.

Key words: stenotrophomonas maltophilia, bacteremia,  hematology disease, neutropenia, prognosis