Tianjin Medical Journal ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 637-642.doi: 10.11958/20253436

• Applied Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Development of a preoperative assessment model for the malignant potential in gastrointestinal stromal tumor based on endoscopic ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography

KANG Xiaona(), LIU Yaping, FENG Yun, LUO Yumei, JIA Ai()   

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710048, China
  • Received:2025-11-27 Revised:2026-02-25 Published:2026-06-15 Online:2026-06-15
  • Contact: E-mail:JiaAi2663@163.com

Abstract:

Objective To explore the preoperative evaluation value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and enhanced CT for the malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and to construct a preoperative evaluation model of the malignant potential of GIST based on EUS and CT and verify the model efficacy. Methods Clinical, imaging and histopathological data were retrospectively collected from 191 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed GIST. Preoperative EUS and CECT image features-including tumor size, boundary definition and enhancement pattern were systematically assessed. Patients were stratified according to the classfication system of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) of the United States. Those classified as "extremely low-risk" or "low-risk" (n = 145) constituted the low-malignant-potential group, those classified as "intermediate-risk" or "high-risk" (n = 46) formed the high-malignant-potential group. The clinical data, EUS and enhanced CT imaging features of the two groups were compared. Multivariable Logistic regression was employed to identify independent predictors of high malignant potential, and a predictive model was constructed based on statistically significant variables. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and calibration assessment. Results Compared with the low-malignant-potential group, the high-malignant-potential group exhibited significantly longer tumor diameters measured by EUS, a higher prevalence of ill-defined tumor margins on EUS and a greater frequency of irregular and heterogeneous enhancement patterns on CECT(P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression identified EUS tumor diameter, ill-defined EUS tumor boundaries and irregular/heterogeneous CECT enhancement as independent predictors of high malignant potential (P<0.05). The result of predictive model achieved an AUC of 0.880 (95%CI: 0.826-0.923), with sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 90.3%. Calibration analysis demonstrated excellent agreement between predicted and observed probabilities (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=0.396, P=0.508). Conclusion The preoperative assessment model based on EUS and enhanced CT has a high assessment efficacy for the high malignant potential of GIST patients.

Key words: gastrointestinal stromal tumors, tomography, X-ray computed, ultrasonography, endoscopy, malignant potential, evaluation model

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