
Tianjin Medical Journal ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (11): 1158-1164.doi: 10.11958/20252455
• Clinical Research • Previous Articles Next Articles
WU Menglin(
), MA Fang, YANG Yafei
Received:2025-07-10
Revised:2025-08-13
Published:2025-11-15
Online:2025-11-19
WU Menglin, MA Fang, YANG Yafei. Diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonic artificial intelligence combined with BRAF V600E gene testing in differentiating benign-malignant and invasive thyroid nodules[J]. Tianjin Medical Journal, 2025, 53(11): 1158-1164.
CLC Number:
| 组别 | n | 性别(男/女) | 年龄/岁 | 辐射接触史 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 良性组 | 150 | 52/98 | 46.00(36.00,59.00) | 2(1.33) |
| 恶性组 | 150 | 57/93 | 49.00(39.00,60.00) | 7(4.67) |
| χ2或Z | 0.360 | 1.278 | 1.833 | |
| 组别 | 碘暴露史 | 甲状腺疾病史 | 甲状腺疾病家族史 | |
| 良性组 | 3(2.00) | 23(15.33) | 18(12.00) | |
| 恶性组 | 9(6.00) | 32(21.33) | 21(14.00) | |
| χ2 | 3.125 | 1.803 | 0.265 | |
Tab.1 Comparison of general clinical characteristics between the benign group and the malignant group
| 组别 | n | 性别(男/女) | 年龄/岁 | 辐射接触史 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 良性组 | 150 | 52/98 | 46.00(36.00,59.00) | 2(1.33) |
| 恶性组 | 150 | 57/93 | 49.00(39.00,60.00) | 7(4.67) |
| χ2或Z | 0.360 | 1.278 | 1.833 | |
| 组别 | 碘暴露史 | 甲状腺疾病史 | 甲状腺疾病家族史 | |
| 良性组 | 3(2.00) | 23(15.33) | 18(12.00) | |
| 恶性组 | 9(6.00) | 32(21.33) | 21(14.00) | |
| χ2 | 3.125 | 1.803 | 0.265 | |
| 组别 | n | 性别(男/女) | 年龄/岁 | 辐射接触史 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 未侵袭组 | 84 | 27/57 | 47.50(38.25,58.75) | 2(2.38) |
| 侵袭组 | 66 | 30/36 | 50.50(39.00,61.00) | 5(7.58) |
| χ2或Z | 2.780 | 0.922 | 1.226 | |
| 组别 | 碘暴露史 | 甲状腺疾病史 | 甲状腺疾病家族史 | |
| 未侵袭组 | 3(3.57) | 14(16.67) | 11(13.10) | |
| 侵袭组 | 6(9.09) | 18(27.27) | 10(15.15) | |
| χ2 | 1.138 | 2.477 | 0.130 | |
Tab.2 Comparison of general clinical characteristics between the non-invasive group and the invasive group
| 组别 | n | 性别(男/女) | 年龄/岁 | 辐射接触史 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 未侵袭组 | 84 | 27/57 | 47.50(38.25,58.75) | 2(2.38) |
| 侵袭组 | 66 | 30/36 | 50.50(39.00,61.00) | 5(7.58) |
| χ2或Z | 2.780 | 0.922 | 1.226 | |
| 组别 | 碘暴露史 | 甲状腺疾病史 | 甲状腺疾病家族史 | |
| 未侵袭组 | 3(3.57) | 14(16.67) | 11(13.10) | |
| 侵袭组 | 6(9.09) | 18(27.27) | 10(15.15) | |
| χ2 | 1.138 | 2.477 | 0.130 | |
| 组别 | 结节数量 | 结节位置 | 最大直径 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单发 | 多发 | 左叶 | 右叶 | 峡部 | 混合 | ≤1 cm | >1 cm | ||||||||||
| 良性组 | 90(60.00) | 60(40.00) | 60(40.00) | 58(38.67) | 8(5.33) | 24(16.00) | 97(64.67) | 53(35.33) | |||||||||
| 恶性组 | 102(68.00) | 48(32.00) | 54(36.00) | 63(42.00) | 15(10.00) | 18(12.00) | 51(40.00) | 99(66.00) | |||||||||
| χ2 | 2.083 | 3.510 | 28.218** | ||||||||||||||
| 组别 | 结节结构 | 回声类型 | 钙化类型 | 边界 | |||||||||||||
| 囊性 | 实性 | 无回声 | 极低回声/ 低回声 | 等回声/ 高回声 | 混合回声 | 无 | 微钙化 | 粗钙化 | 清晰 | 模糊 | |||||||
| 良性组 | 105(70.00) | 45(30.00) | 24(16.00) | 45(30.00) | 72(48.00) | 9(6.00) | 90(60.00) | 14(9.33) | 46(30.67) | 120(80.00) | 30(20.00) | ||||||
| 恶性组 | 7(4.67) | 143(95.33) | 3(2.00) | 126(84.00) | 15(10.00) | 6(4.00) | 32(21.33) | 103(68.67) | 15(10.00) | 33(22.00) | 117(78.00) | ||||||
| χ2 | 136.835** | 92.647** | 111.029** | 100.960** | |||||||||||||
| 组别 | 形态 | 纵横比 | 血流分布 | 血流丰富度 | |||||||||||||
| 规则 | 不规则 | ≤1 | >1 | 周边 | 内部/混合 | Ⅰ—Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ—Ⅴ级 | ||||||||||
| 良性组 | 103(68.67) | 47(31.33) | 134(89.33) | 16(10.67) | 82(54.67) | 68(45.33) | 115(76.67) | 35(23.33) | |||||||||
| 恶性组 | 50(33.33) | 100(66.67) | 49(32.67) | 101(67.33) | 20(13.33) | 130(86.67) | 53(35.33) | 97(64.67) | |||||||||
| χ2 | 37.468** | 101.233** | 57.100** | 52.002** | |||||||||||||
Tab.3 Comparison of ultrasound AI features between the two groups
| 组别 | 结节数量 | 结节位置 | 最大直径 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单发 | 多发 | 左叶 | 右叶 | 峡部 | 混合 | ≤1 cm | >1 cm | ||||||||||
| 良性组 | 90(60.00) | 60(40.00) | 60(40.00) | 58(38.67) | 8(5.33) | 24(16.00) | 97(64.67) | 53(35.33) | |||||||||
| 恶性组 | 102(68.00) | 48(32.00) | 54(36.00) | 63(42.00) | 15(10.00) | 18(12.00) | 51(40.00) | 99(66.00) | |||||||||
| χ2 | 2.083 | 3.510 | 28.218** | ||||||||||||||
| 组别 | 结节结构 | 回声类型 | 钙化类型 | 边界 | |||||||||||||
| 囊性 | 实性 | 无回声 | 极低回声/ 低回声 | 等回声/ 高回声 | 混合回声 | 无 | 微钙化 | 粗钙化 | 清晰 | 模糊 | |||||||
| 良性组 | 105(70.00) | 45(30.00) | 24(16.00) | 45(30.00) | 72(48.00) | 9(6.00) | 90(60.00) | 14(9.33) | 46(30.67) | 120(80.00) | 30(20.00) | ||||||
| 恶性组 | 7(4.67) | 143(95.33) | 3(2.00) | 126(84.00) | 15(10.00) | 6(4.00) | 32(21.33) | 103(68.67) | 15(10.00) | 33(22.00) | 117(78.00) | ||||||
| χ2 | 136.835** | 92.647** | 111.029** | 100.960** | |||||||||||||
| 组别 | 形态 | 纵横比 | 血流分布 | 血流丰富度 | |||||||||||||
| 规则 | 不规则 | ≤1 | >1 | 周边 | 内部/混合 | Ⅰ—Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ—Ⅴ级 | ||||||||||
| 良性组 | 103(68.67) | 47(31.33) | 134(89.33) | 16(10.67) | 82(54.67) | 68(45.33) | 115(76.67) | 35(23.33) | |||||||||
| 恶性组 | 50(33.33) | 100(66.67) | 49(32.67) | 101(67.33) | 20(13.33) | 130(86.67) | 53(35.33) | 97(64.67) | |||||||||
| χ2 | 37.468** | 101.233** | 57.100** | 52.002** | |||||||||||||
| 组别 | n | 结节数量 | 结节位置 | 最大直径 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单发 | 多发 | 左叶 | 右叶 | 峡部 | 混合 | ≤1 cm | >1 cm | |||||||||||||||||
| 未侵袭组 | 84 | 62(73.81) | 22(26.19) | 32(38.10) | 33(39.29) | 7(8.33) | 12(14.29) | 35(41.67) | 49(58.33) | |||||||||||||||
| 侵袭组 | 66 | 40(60.61) | 26(39.39) | 22(33.33) | 30(45.45) | 8(12.12) | 6(9.09) | 16(24.24) | 50(75.76) | |||||||||||||||
| χ2 | 2.961 | 1.929 | 5.001* | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 组别 | 结节结构 | 回声类型 | 钙化类型 | 边界 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 囊性 | 实性 | 无回声 | 极低回声/低回声 | 等回声/ 高回声 | 混合回声 | 无 | 微钙化 | 粗钙化 | 清晰 | 模糊 | ||||||||||||||
| 未侵袭组 | 7(8.33) | 77(91.67) | 3(3.57) | 64(76.19) | 13(15.48) | 4(4.76) | 26(30.95) | 45(53.57) | 13(15.48) | 29(34.52) | 55(65.48) | |||||||||||||
| 侵袭组 | 0 | 66(100.00) | 0 | 62(93.94) | 2(3.03) | 2(3.03) | 6(9.09) | 58(87.88) | 2(3.03) | 4(6.06) | 62(93.94) | |||||||||||||
| χ2 | 4.048* | 11.719** | 20.340** | 17.449** | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 组别 | 形态 | 纵横比 | 血流分布 | 血流丰富度 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 规则 | 不规则 | ≤1 | >1 | 周边 | 内部/混合 | Ⅰ—Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ—Ⅴ级 | |||||||||||||||||
| 未侵袭组 | 38(45.24) | 46(54.76) | 29(34.52) | 55(65.48) | 16(19.05) | 68(80.95) | 45(53.57) | 39(46.43) | ||||||||||||||||
| 侵袭组 | 12(18.18) | 54(81.82) | 20(30.30) | 46(69.70) | 4(6.06) | 62(93.94) | 8(12.12) | 58(87.88) | ||||||||||||||||
| χ2 | 12.175** | 0.299 | 5.395* | 27.792** | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tab.4 Comparison of ultrasound AI characteristics between the non-invasive group and the invasive group of thyroid nodules
| 组别 | n | 结节数量 | 结节位置 | 最大直径 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单发 | 多发 | 左叶 | 右叶 | 峡部 | 混合 | ≤1 cm | >1 cm | |||||||||||||||||
| 未侵袭组 | 84 | 62(73.81) | 22(26.19) | 32(38.10) | 33(39.29) | 7(8.33) | 12(14.29) | 35(41.67) | 49(58.33) | |||||||||||||||
| 侵袭组 | 66 | 40(60.61) | 26(39.39) | 22(33.33) | 30(45.45) | 8(12.12) | 6(9.09) | 16(24.24) | 50(75.76) | |||||||||||||||
| χ2 | 2.961 | 1.929 | 5.001* | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 组别 | 结节结构 | 回声类型 | 钙化类型 | 边界 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 囊性 | 实性 | 无回声 | 极低回声/低回声 | 等回声/ 高回声 | 混合回声 | 无 | 微钙化 | 粗钙化 | 清晰 | 模糊 | ||||||||||||||
| 未侵袭组 | 7(8.33) | 77(91.67) | 3(3.57) | 64(76.19) | 13(15.48) | 4(4.76) | 26(30.95) | 45(53.57) | 13(15.48) | 29(34.52) | 55(65.48) | |||||||||||||
| 侵袭组 | 0 | 66(100.00) | 0 | 62(93.94) | 2(3.03) | 2(3.03) | 6(9.09) | 58(87.88) | 2(3.03) | 4(6.06) | 62(93.94) | |||||||||||||
| χ2 | 4.048* | 11.719** | 20.340** | 17.449** | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 组别 | 形态 | 纵横比 | 血流分布 | 血流丰富度 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 规则 | 不规则 | ≤1 | >1 | 周边 | 内部/混合 | Ⅰ—Ⅱ级 | Ⅲ—Ⅴ级 | |||||||||||||||||
| 未侵袭组 | 38(45.24) | 46(54.76) | 29(34.52) | 55(65.48) | 16(19.05) | 68(80.95) | 45(53.57) | 39(46.43) | ||||||||||||||||
| 侵袭组 | 12(18.18) | 54(81.82) | 20(30.30) | 46(69.70) | 4(6.06) | 62(93.94) | 8(12.12) | 58(87.88) | ||||||||||||||||
| χ2 | 12.175** | 0.299 | 5.395* | 27.792** | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 超声AI | 术后病理 | 术后病理 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 恶性 | 良性 | 合计 | 侵袭 | 未侵袭 | 合计 | |
| ≥0.5 | 135 | 29 | 164 | 56 | 14 | 70 |
| <0.5 | 15 | 121 | 136 | 10 | 70 | 80 |
| 合计 | 150 | 150 | 300 | 66 | 84 | 150 |
Tab.5 Comparion of ultrasound AI diagnosis and postoperative pathological conditions of thyroid nodules
| 超声AI | 术后病理 | 术后病理 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 恶性 | 良性 | 合计 | 侵袭 | 未侵袭 | 合计 | |
| ≥0.5 | 135 | 29 | 164 | 56 | 14 | 70 |
| <0.5 | 15 | 121 | 136 | 10 | 70 | 80 |
| 合计 | 150 | 150 | 300 | 66 | 84 | 150 |
| BRAF V600E | 术后病理 | 术后病理 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 恶性 | 良性 | 合计 | 侵袭 | 未侵袭 | 合计 | |
| 阳性 | 109 | 15 | 124 | 49 | 10 | 59 |
| 阴性 | 41 | 135 | 176 | 17 | 74 | 72 |
| 合计 | 150 | 150 | 300 | 66 | 84 | 150 |
Tab.6 Comparison of BRAF V600E gene diagnosis and postoperative pathological conditions of thyroid nodules
| BRAF V600E | 术后病理 | 术后病理 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 恶性 | 良性 | 合计 | 侵袭 | 未侵袭 | 合计 | |
| 阳性 | 109 | 15 | 124 | 49 | 10 | 59 |
| 阴性 | 41 | 135 | 176 | 17 | 74 | 72 |
| 合计 | 150 | 150 | 300 | 66 | 84 | 150 |
| 指标 | AUC | 95%CI | 约登指数 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 超声AI | 0.853 | 0.807~0.900 | 0.707 |
| BRAF V600E基因 | 0.813 | 0.762~0.864 | 0.627 |
| 联合检测 | 0.941 | 0.917~0.966 | 0.727 |
Tab.7 Diagnostic efficacy of combined AI ultrasound and BRAF V600E testing for malignant thyroid nodules
| 指标 | AUC | 95%CI | 约登指数 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 超声AI | 0.853 | 0.807~0.900 | 0.707 |
| BRAF V600E基因 | 0.813 | 0.762~0.864 | 0.627 |
| 联合检测 | 0.941 | 0.917~0.966 | 0.727 |
| 指标 | AUC | 95%CI | 约登指数 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 超声AI | 0.841 | 0.773~0.909 | 0.681 |
| BRAF V600E基因 | 0.812 | 0.737~0.886 | 0.623 |
| 联合检测 | 0.924 | 0.880~0.967 | 0.774 |
Tab.8 Diagnostic efficacy of combined AI ultrasound and BRAF V600E testing for invasive malignant thyroid nodules
| 指标 | AUC | 95%CI | 约登指数 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 超声AI | 0.841 | 0.773~0.909 | 0.681 |
| BRAF V600E基因 | 0.812 | 0.737~0.886 | 0.623 |
| 联合检测 | 0.924 | 0.880~0.967 | 0.774 |
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