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15 January 2015, Volume 43 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The early screening and countermeasures of biliary atresia zhanjianghua 2015, 43 (1):  1-3.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.001 Abstract ( 840 )   PDF (381KB) ( 4302 )   Abstract： It is generally accepted that Kasai operation is the best treatment for biliary atresia (BA). The implementation of early screen plan improves the age threshold at the suitable time point of Kasai operation. This is the key issue to improve the survival rate of autologous liver in biliary atresia. The monitoring of stool color card, B- ultrasonography and serum con? jugated bilirubin can be used for preliminary seeming biliary atresia. It is very important to improve the ability of basic unit medical staff for major improvements to the understanding of the significance of biliary atresia. In some country and district, the local government has put the screen list for BA into healthcare booklet for children. Thus, it has a significant impact of early screen plan on the diagnosis and treatment of BA, and it can improve the BA autologous liver survival time. So far, there is still no BA early screen plan in the nationwide. We should pay attention to BA, and establish early screen system in different local health unit quickly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Advances of Liver Fibrosis In Biliary Atresia Research 2015, 43 (1):  4-7.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.002 Abstract ( 906 )   PDF (306KB) ( 4347 )   Biliary atresia is one of the most serious digestive system diseases, which is threatening the health of infants, and liver fibrosis is a major cause of death in children. In the process of the pathogenesis of biliary atresia, virus damage the body induced a series of immune and inflammatory reaction results in a decrease of regulatory T cells (Treg cells); high expression of CD14, activating a variety of inflammatory pathways and TGF-β/Smad2/3 pro-fibrogenic pathway, produced a large number of medium damage of liver cells and bile duct cells, release of proinflammatory factor, oxygen metabolism matter and cytokines, etc., which further damage hepatobiliary system; Imbalance of internal environment with liver parenchyma cells, hepatic macrophages, gathered in the liver of inflammatory cells, being such as adaptive degeneration, necrosis, hyperplasia, activating hepatic satellite cells (HSCs) and then HSCs into fibroblasts promote the process of liver fibrosis. Immune and inflammatory lesions, pro-fibrogenic pathway are the important factors in contributing to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis of biliary atresia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between cystathionine β synthase gene T833C polymorphism and essential hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakh population and Han population#br# ZHANG Lei1， CAI Weijuan1， ZHANG Licui1， ZHANG Hongmei1， PAN Zemin2， CHENG Jiang1△ 2015, 43 (1):  8-11.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.003 Abstract ( 606 )   PDF (345KB) ( 4007 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the association between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and cystathionine β synthase (CBS) T833C gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakh and Han populations. Methods A total of 239 Kazak patients with hypertension (Kazak EH group), 206 Kazak people with normal blood pressure (Kazak con⁃ trol group), 256 Han patients with hypertension (Han EH group) and 206 Han people with normal blood pressure (Han con⁃ trol group) were selected for the study. Amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS) was used to analyze the polymor⁃ phism of CBS gene T833C， TT， TC and CC genotypes and the various sites of T， C allele frequencies in four groups. In the meantime, the Hcy level and related biochemical indices were detected using automatic biochemical analyzer. Results The plasma Hcy levels were significantly higher in Kazak EH group and Han EH group than those of Kazak control group and Han control group (P < 0.05). The C allele frequencies were significantly higher in Kazak EH group than that of Kazak control group (P < 0.05). The plasma level of Hcy was significantly lower in Kazakh and Han people with TT genotypes than that of TC genotypes (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the frequency of genotypes and alleles between Han EH group and Han control group (P > 0.05).Conclusion The Cystathionine β synthase gene of T833C polymorphism may be associated with essential hypertension in Kazak people in Xinjiang, but no such association in Han population in Xinji⁃ ang. The mechanism may be related to the altered metabolism of Hcy induced by CBS mutation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic polymorphisms of HPRTB、DXS6803 and DXS6809 STR loci in Tianjin Han female population ZHANG Na1, SHI Yunfang1, LI Xiaozhou1, LI Yan1, JU Duan1, XIN Li2, YAO Jingyi2, XIE Xiaoyuan2, LIU Dianqin1, 2015, 43 (1):  12-16.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.004 Abstract ( 949 )   PDF (322KB) ( 3985 )   [Abstract] Objective Studing HPRTB、DXS6803 and DXS6809 STR loci genetic polymorphism in Tianjin Han female population ,to provide experimental data in the prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies accurately and rapidly. Methods A total of 150 samples were collected in Tianjin Han population .QF-PCR and capillary electrophoresis was applied.The relevant data were analyzed by ABI Prism GeneMapper v3.0 software. From each locus selected 2 homozygotes sequence named .The frequencies of the genotypes were checked using Chi-square test to verify Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (P＞0.05). Genetic polymorphisms data were calculated by PowerStatsV12 software. Result 150 samples were successfully amplified in 24 hours.10、6、10 alleles and 22、12、29 genotype were found respectively in HPRTB, DXS6803 and DXS6809 locus.The most common allele were 14,13,14.The highest frequency of genotype were 14-14,12-13 and 13-14.No significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed in these three STR loci(χ2 was 10.554,5.783 and 15.355,respectively,P>0.05).The He of these three STR loci was 0.748,0.649,0.806 respectively.The Ho was 0.607,0.700,0.713 respectively.The PIC was 0.706,0.599,0.775 respectively.The PD was 0.894,0.814,0.931 respectively.The PE was 0.299,0.428,0.449 respectively.Conclusions HPRTB, DXS6803 and DXS6809 STR loci were highly polymorphic. which are favorable genetic markers on chromosome X and can be used in rapid prenatal genetic diagnosis . Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of 1 ,25(OH)2D3on proliferation and expression of PCNA of human glomerular mesangial cells#br# #br# YIN Xuan1, ZHANG Hao1, CHEN Jianping1, MA Li1, ZHANG Chunjiang2, YANG Xiaoping2△ 2015, 43 (1):  17-19.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.005 Abstract ( 922 )   PDF (457KB) ( 4188 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25 (OH)2D3] on PCNA expression and cell proliferation in human glomerular mesangial cells. Methods The cultured human mesangial cells, which was subcul⁃ tured 3-8 generations, were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (plus the DMEM medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum), proliferation in the control group (EGF group, plus 10 μg/L of EGF), general intervention group [VD group, plus 10-8 mol/L of 1,25(OH)2D3], proliferation in the intervention group [EGF+VD group, plus 10 μg/L EGF and 10-8 mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3] for treatment of 48 h. The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry， and the expression of PCNA was detected by Western blot assay in four groups. Results (1) Compared with normal control group, G1 phase cells were signifi⁃ cantly reduced, S, G2/M phase cells were increased and PI index was higher in EGF group. And G1 phase cells were signifi⁃ cantly increased, S and G2/M phase cells were significantly decreased, and PI index was lower in VD group. Compared with the EGF group, G1 phase cells were significantly increased in VD group and EGF+VD group, and S, G2/M phase cells de⁃ creased, PI index was lower. (2) Compared with normal control group, the expression of PCNA was higher in EGF group, and lower in VD group. Compared with EGF group, the expression of PCNA was lower in VD group and EGF+VD group. Conclu⁃ sion 1,25 (OH) 2D3 inhibits the proliferation of human glomerular mesangial cells by arresting cell cycle and inhibiting the expression of PCNA protein. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of artesunate on high glucose-induced cell apoptosis, TNF-α and IL-8 expression in#br# renal tubular epithelial cells#br# #br# JIANG Shanshan, LONG Yan△， SU Ke, NIE Han, HUANG Lili, YANG Fan, LI Zhengming, XUN Jingqiong 2015, 43 (1):  20-24.  Abstract ( 584 )   PDF (629KB) ( 4024 )   Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of artesunate (Art) on cell apoptosis, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression induced by high glucose in rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E). Methods NRK-52E cells were cultured and divided into normal control group, high glucose group, high glucose with different concentrations of Art (10 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 30 mg/L) groups, and high glucose with Ena (5 mg/L) group. MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. The apoptotic rate was evaluated by flow cytometry with AnnexinV-FITC/PI double stains. The protein levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in the cell culture supernatant were determined using ELISA. Results High glucose inhibited NRK-52E proliferation, induced its apoptosis, and the expressions of TNF-α and IL-8 in the supernatant. Application of Art obviously abolished the effects of high glucose, and the effects of Art were showed in dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Art can suppress high glucose-stimulated cell apoptosis, enhance TNF-α and IL-8 expression in NRK-52E cells. The anti-inflammatory action and immune regulation of Art could be a novel approach of treating diabetic nephropathy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of erythropoietin in high glucose induced proliferation and apoptosis of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells and the possible mechanism CHEN Yanxia, WU Xianfeng, FANG Xiangdong△, QIN Xiaohua, HUANG Chong, TU Weiping 2015, 43 (1):  25-29.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.007 Abstract ( 703 )   PDF (497KB) ( 3992 )   Abstract： Objective To study the effects of erythropoietin (rhEPO) in high glucose induced proliferation and apopto⁃ sis of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells, and the possible mechanism thereof. Methods HK-2 cells cultured in vitro were divided into several groups randomly: blank control group, high glucose group, mannitol group, rhEPO control group, different concentrations of rhEPO treatment groups (5, 10, 20 U/mL) and Rho kinase group. The reverse tran⁃ scription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the mRNA levels of RhoA and ROCK after 24 hours. Tetrazolium salt method (MTT) was used to determine the cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with blank control group the expression levels of RhoA and ROCK1 mRNA were significantly in⁃ creased in high glucose group (P < 0.05). RhoA, ROCK1 mRNA expressions significantly decreased in rhEPO group than those of high glucose group (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression levels of RhoA mRNA and ROCK1 mRNA in high glucose group and rhEPO group. MTT method showed that rhEPO significantly promoted the prolifer⁃ ation of HK-2 cells (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry analysis showed that high glucose induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells, which was significantly inhibited in rhEPO group and Rho kinase group as compared to that of high glucose group in a concentra⁃ tion dependent manner (P < 0.05). Conclusion rhEPO can promote HK-2 cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, which may be related to RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression and significance of Nanog and CD44 in spheroid body-forming cells of gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 LIU Jianming, ZHOU Youlang△, MA Lilin, XU Junfei, ZHANG Jianguo 2015, 43 (1):  30-33.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.008 Abstract ( 566 )   PDF (437KB) ( 4028 )   Abstract： Objective To detect the expression of stem-cell related factors Nanog and CD44 in spheroid body-form⁃ ing cells of gastric cancer cell line MKN-45. Methods The gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 was used to culture spheroid bodies in non-adherent condition in a serum-free medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibro⁃ blast growth factor (bFGF). Using Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR）, the expression levels of stem cell-related genes Nanog and CD44 were studied. Results In this study, we observed that MKN45 cells formed spheroid bodies in non-adherent condition in a serum-free medium, and the levels of Nanog and CD44 mRNA expression in spheroid body-forming cells were 2.34±0.22 and 1.18±0.04， respectively, which were higher than those in parental cells (1.00±0.00 and 1.00±0.05). The levels of Nanog and CD44 protein expression in spheroid body-forming cells were 0.18±0.02 and 0.24±0.04, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in pa⁃ rental cells (0.07±0.02 and 0.18±0.01, P＜ 0.05). Nanog protein was positively stained within the perinuclear and cytoplasm of the spheroid body-forming cells, and CD44 was positively stained mainly in the membrane. Dual staining of Nanog/CD44 indicated that the embryonal protein Nanog was co-localized with CD44 in the spheroid body-forming cells. Conclusion Spheroid body-forming cells developed from human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 in serum-free medium supplemented with EGF and bFGF show characteristics of cancer stem cell (CSC). The cells co-expressed of CD44 and Nanog maybe a phe⁃ notype of gastric CSCs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Aggregation of microtubule-associated protein tau modulated by PTEN during the differentiation of bone marrow stem cell-derived nerve cells YAN Xu1， 2, KAN Shilian2△, JIN Ye3 2015, 43 (1):  34-37.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.009 Abstract ( 944 )   PDF (375KB) ( 4050 )   Abstract： Objective To observe the diffusion and aggregation of the microtubule associated protein tau（MAPT）modu⁃ lated by phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten（PTEN）during the nerve cell differentiation by human bone marrow stem cells（BMSC）in vitro, and to analyse the signification. Methods Adult bone marrow stem cells were iso⁃ lated and induced into nerve-like cells by some cytokines in vitro. The mRNA expression of MAPT was detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot assay. The patterns of diffusion and aggregation of the MAPT association of the actin were indicated by Phalloidin-fluoresceineisothioeyanate (FITC) and immunofluorescence (IF) cyto-chemistry, and observed by the laser-confocal microscopy. Results The MAPT mRNA levels were 0.24 ± 0.04 and 0.52 ± 0.04 at 1 week and 2 weeks after the induction， which were significantly higher compared with those of BMSC (0.04 ± 0.02) after the induction (P＜ 0.05). The MAPT protein levels were 0.18 ± 0.03 and 0.44 ± 0.05 at 1 week and 2 weeks after the induction, which were significantly higher compared those of BMSC (0.06 ± 0.04, P＜ 0.05). The distribution patterns of MAPT were changed from the diffusion to the aggregation in cells after treatment by BPV. The nerve-like cells appeared the characteristic of po⁃ larization. Conclusion When the nerve cells derived from bone marrow stem cells obtain the mature differentiation, PTEN may possess the ability of modulating the diffusion and aggregation of MAPT in vitro, also may provide a kind of material ba⁃ sis for the growth of the nerve axon. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro antibacterial test of Chinese medicine compound preparation for common pathogenic bacteria in upper respiratory tract infection MA Mingkun1, YAN Weili1, WEI Baolin2, JIANG Zhiyun1, LI Tong1, WEN Xuehong1△ 2015, 43 (1):  38-41.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.010 Abstract ( 814 )   PDF (338KB) ( 3796 )   Abstract:Objective To observe the antimicrobial effect of a kind of Chinese medicine Qingre compound preparation on the common pathogenic bacteria of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Methods A total of 163 common pathogen⁃ ic bacteria of URTI was selected in this study, including 74 non extended-spectrum β- lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Gram-negative bacteria (33 Escherichia coli, 24 Klebsiella pneumonia and 17 Pseudomonas aeruginosa), 10 ESBLs-produc⁃ ing Gram-negative bacteria (6 Escherichia coli and 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae) and 79 Gram-positive bacteria [11 methicil⁃ lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 46 methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and 22 Streptococcus pneu⁃ moniae]. Agar dilution method was adopted to perform the quantitative drug sensibility test. Agar plates that contained differ⁃ ent concentrations of Qingre compound preparation were prepared. The bacterial suspension was planted on the plates. Then we observed the plates after incubation, and recorded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results The antimicro⁃ bial rates of Qingre compound preparation were 88, 176 and 22 g/L for MIC90 of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial effects of Qingre compound preparation were coincident on the MIC90 of ES⁃ BLs-producing strains and non ESBLs-producing strains. The accumulated antibacterial rates of different concentrations of medicine to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the highest. The MIC90 values of Qingre compound preparation were 11, 11 and 22 g/L for MSSA, MRSA and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The MIC90 of MRSA was coincident with MSSA, but MIC50 of MRSA was slightly higher than that of MSSA. The accumulated antibacterial rates of different concentrations of medicine to MSSA and MRSA were all higher than those of Streptococcus pneumonia. The accumulated antibacterial rate of MSSA was similar with that of MRSA. Conclusion The Chinese medicine Qingre compound preparation could restrain common patho⁃ genic bacteria of URTI except Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibacterial effect of Qingre compound preparation is significant⁃ ly better in Ggram-positive bacteria than that of Gram-negative bacteria. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effects of aqueous extract of arctium lappa root on vascular endothelial cell injury of hypertensive rats ZHAO Na1, MA Weihong1△, SU Ying2, ZHAI Zhenli3, QIN Xiaoying4 2015, 43 (1):  42-45.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.011 Abstract ( 657 )   PDF (341KB) ( 3967 )   Abstract： Objective To study the protective effects and mechanism of aqueous extract of arctium lappa root on vas⁃ cular endothelial cell injury in hypertensive rats. Methods The hypertensive rat model was induced by N-nitro-L-argi⁃ nine. Rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, positive control group (aptopril 15 mg/kg), low concentration of aqueous extract of arctium lappa root (0.5 g/kg), medium concentration of (1 g/kg) and high concentra⁃ tion of (2 g/kg) groups. After six weeks of continuous intragastric administration, the systolic blood pressure levels at tail ar⁃ tery were measured at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 29, 36 and 42 d after treatment. And other indicators related to inflammato⁃ ry factors were detected including C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6. The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) level was detected by taking samples of thoracic aorta. Results (1) The systolic blood pressure level at tail ar⁃ tery was significantly lower in aqueous extract of arctium lappa root group than that of model control group (P<0.05). (2) The aqueous extract of arctium lappa root can significantly improve the vascular endothelial cell injury, suppress vascular endo⁃ thelial cell loss and blood cell adhesion, and cell proliferation with collagen fibers in muscle membrane. (3) The serum levels of IL-6, CRP and vascular endothelial ICAM-1 were significantly reduced in aqueous extract of arctium lappa root group than that of model control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Aqueous extract of arctium lappa root can significantly improve vascular endothelial cell injury in hypertensive rats. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory cyto⁃ kines like IL-6, CRP and the expression of ICAM-1, and the improvement of chronic inflammatory response in vascular en⁃ dothelium of hypertensive rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cardioprotective effects of atorvastatin postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart: the role of PI3K-Akt, mito-KATPchannel and mPTP LIU Chunwei1, CONG Hongliang1△, YU Xuefang2, HAN Wei3 2015, 43 (1):  46-50.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.012 Abstract ( 643 )   PDF (352KB) ( 4477 )   Abstract： Objective To observe the postconditioning cardioprotective effects of atorvastatin (ATV) on ischemia-re⁃ perfusion injury in isolated rat heart, and the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase , protein kinase B(PI3K-Akt), mitochon⁃ drial ATP-sensitive potassium (mito-KATP channel) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) thereof. Meth⁃ ods Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 groups: ischemia reperfusion (I/R) control group, atorvastatin postconditioning (ATV) group, ATV plus PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (ATV+LY294002) group, LY294002 group, ATV plus mi⁃ to-KATP channel inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (ATV+5-HD) group, 5-HD group, ATV plus mPTP inhibitor ATR (ATV+ ATR) group, ATR group and ethanol group. Model rats were given 30-min ischemia followed by 120-min reperfusion. The myocardial infarction size, hemodynamic parameters, creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nic⁃ otinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and the expression of myocardial protein kinase B (Akt) and myocardial phospho-pro⁃ tein kinase B (p-Akt) were evaluated. Results Compared with the control group, atorvastatin reduced the myocardial in⁃ farction size, CK-MB and LDH（P＜ 0.05), increased NAD（ + P＜ 0.05). There were no significant differences in the myocardi⁃ al infarction size, CK-MB, LDH and NAD + between ATV+LY294002 group, ATV+5-HD group and ATV+ATR group. The hemodynamic parameters were improved in ATV group compared with those in control group. Western blot analysis con⁃firmed the significant phosphorylation of Akt in ATV group, ATV+5-HD group and ATV+ ATR group compared with those of control group. There were no significant differences in the phosphorylation of Akt between ATV + LY294002 group, LY294002 group, ATR group and 5-HD group. Conclusion Atorvastatin postconditioning could attenuate the ischemia-re⁃ perfusion injury through activating the PI3K-Akt, promoting mito-KATPchannel opening and inhibiting mPTP opening. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effects of oxymatrine injection on renal function of rats with endotoxic shock MEI Zhiqin1, DONG Haiyan2, FENG Junhua3, GUO Yun1, LIU Zhiquan1, WANG Chunlan4△ 2015, 43 (1):  51-53.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.013 Abstract ( 659 )   PDF (322KB) ( 3786 )   Abstract： Objective To evaluate the protective effects of oxymatrine injection on rats with endotoxic shock. Methods Wistar rat model of endotoxic shock was produced in this study. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=8), endotoxic shock group (n=8) and oxymatrine injection treatment group (n=8). Fifteen min⁃ utes after the infusion of LPS (15 mg/kg) from femoral vein, oxymatrine was injected from femoral vein in treatment group, then we observed the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for six hours. At the end of experiment blood samples were harvested for measurement of urea and creatinine (Cr), which reflect renal function. Also contents of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α in the renal ho⁃ mogenate were detected. Results Oxymatrine can prevent progressive decrease of MAP in endotoxin shock treatment group. The contents of plasma urea and Cr were significantly higher in endotoxin shock group than those of control group. The contents of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in renal homogenate increased obviously, but after the injection of oxymatrine, the contents of urea and Cr significantly decreased in treatment group, also IL- 6 and TNF- α were significantly declined. Conclusion Oxymatrine provides protection at renal function after endotoxin shock, and its mechanism may be related to inhibit the releasing of inflammatory cytokines in kidney. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphisms of TNF-α gene and HSP70-2 gene in patients with acute pancreatitis HU Jiaping, ZHUANG Jianxin△, LI Yong, YU Yonghuan, HU Qinghong, LAI Yinying, WU Antao 2015, 43 (1):  57-60.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.015 Abstract ( 590 )   PDF (341KB) ( 4001 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the association of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, heat shock protein (HSP)70-2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of acute pancreatitis(AP). Methods Using case-control method， The gene polymor⁃ phism of TNF- α and HSP70- 2 was detected by PCR- RLFP in 72 patients with AP and 71 healthy controls. Results There were no significant differences in proportion of TNF-α genotype and alleles between AP and control groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in TNF-α genotype and alleles between severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and light acute pancreatitis (MAP) of AP group (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in white blood cell count, C-reactive pro⁃ tein (CRP), amylase, three acyl glycerin and glucose between TNF-a and HSP70-2 gene of AA type and GA+GG type pa⁃ tients (P >0.05). The HSP70-2 genotype GA+GG proportion was significantly higher in AP group than that of control group （69.4% vs 49.3%). The ratio of patients with G allele was significantly higher in AP group than that of control group（46.5% vs 31.7%). The ratio of patients with GA + GG type AP was significantly higher in SAP patients than that of MAP patients of AP group（81.0% vs 53.3%). There was no significant difference in G allele between SAP and MAP patients (P＞ 0.05). Conclusion TNF-α polymorphisms is not associated with acute pancreatitis. There is an association between HSP70-2 polymorphisms and acute pancreatitis. Carrying the G allele increases the possibility of a severe acute pancreatitis， which is one of the genetic susceptibility factors of severe acute pancreatitis.　　　 Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the relationship between the pathologic change of chronic atrophic gastritis and helicobacer pylori LI Muran1, LIU Yandi1, TANG Tao2, LI Wen3△ 2015, 43 (1):  57-60.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.014 Abstract ( 547 )   PDF (299KB) ( 3773 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the correlation between helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection with gastric muco⁃ sa pathologic changes in chronic gastritis. Methods A total of 250 patients with chronic gastritis who came to Tianjin Union Medicine Center from November 2011 to March 2013 were collected in this study. Electronic gastroscope examina⁃ tions, pathology and Urea- 14C breath tests were performed in patients. There were 153 cases with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG group), and 97 cases without chronic atrophic gastritis (non-CAG group). The positive rate of H.pylori was compared between two groups. At the same time the positive rate of H.pylori was compared between different parts of CAG patients. The positive rates of H.pylori were compared between different pathologic features of chronic gastritis (active degree, the de⁃ gree of inflammation, atrophy and intestinal classification). Results The positive rate of H.pylori was higher in CAG pa⁃ tients than that of non-CAG patients (70.6% vs 35%, χ2=30.552). The positive rate of H.pylori was higher in antral and cor⁃ pus atrophy of CAG group than that of antral atrophy (82.6% vs 65.4%, χ2=4.578). With the aggravating activity of gastritis, the inflammation, chronic gastritis, atrophy and intestinal classification, the positive rate of H.pylori was increased (χ2= 200.643, 206.715, 73.286, 218.432). Conclusion H.pylori infection is related with chronic gastritis, chronic atrophic gas⁃ tritis. And antral and corpus atrophy CAG is closely related with H.pylori infection. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between laboratory indexes and the severity of disease in patients with acute pancreatitis ZHENG Jimin, GAO Juncha, LIU Na 2015, 43 (1):  61-63.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.016 Abstract ( 1110 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the relationship between values of blood calcium, serum urea nitrogen (BUN), Ddimer, C- reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and amylase with the severity of the disease in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods There were 70 patients with mild AP (MAP group), 18 patients with moderate AP (MSAP group), 26 pa⁃ tients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP group) in 114 AP patients. The laboratory indexes were compared between these groups. The correlation between indexes and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation system Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ ) score was analysed. The diagnostic sensitivity of SAP using CRP, D- dimer and fibrinogen was analysed by ROC curves. Re⁃ sults Compared with MAP group, values of BUN, CRP, D- dimer,fibrinogen and APACHE Ⅱ score were significantly increased in SAP group (P < 0.05), but serum calcium level was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The APACHEⅡ score were significantly higher in SAP group than that of MSAP group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in level of amylases between three groups. There was a positive correlation between APACHEⅡ score, CRP, D- dimer and fibrinogen (r=0.407, 0.404 and 0.245, P＜ 0.05). There was a negative correlation between APACHEⅡ score and serum calcium level (r= -0.333, P＜ 0.05). The area under the ROC curve showed a maximum CRP curve for diagnosing SAP 0.752 (95% CI= 0.644-0.860). The cut-off value was 74.45 mg/L. The sensitivity was 86.4%. And the specificity was 68.2%. Conclusion Combining with monitoring BUN, blood coagulation index, CRP, serum calcium level and other laboratory parameters was useful to overall evaluate AP patients and improve the prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression and significance of serum c-met in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of two different nationalities in Xinjiang WANG Xingming1, GUO Li2, ZHANG Zhiqiang1, ZHANG Yuan3, CHENG Wenxia4, WANG Hongjiang1△ 2015, 43 (1):  64-67.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.017 Abstract ( 594 )   PDF (528KB) ( 3890 )   Abstract： Objective To explore the relationship between serum expression of c-met protein and clinic pathological features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) of Kazakh and Han people. Methods A total of 50 samples of ESCC and its corresponding adjacent tissues of Kazak and Han patients were collected. The expression of c-met protein was detected by immunohistochemistry assay. The serum c-met protein was detected in 40 Kazak and Han ESCC samples and 40 Kazak and Han controls using ELISA method. Results The positive expression rates of c-met protein were higher in Kazak and Han esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients than those in its corresponding adjacent tissues respectively. And the serum expression rates of c-met protein were higher in Kazak and Han esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients than those of healthy controls. There were significant differences in the different tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue and serum between groups, in which the infiltrated deep muscle and se⁃ rous breakthrough (T3+T4) were higher than the infiltration of the mucosa and submucosa group (T1 +T2), with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage of Ⅱ B+Ⅲ was higher than that of Ⅰ +Ⅱ A. There was no significant difference in the expression of c-met protein between ethnicity, gender, age and degree of differenti⁃ ation. Conclusion The c-met protein expression is related to the occurrence and development, the invasion, metastasis and TNM stage of ESCC in Kazak and Han nationalities. The high expression of c-met protein in tissue and serum may indicate the invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer and prompt a late clinical stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Differences in clinical characteristics between patients with diastolic heart failure and systolic heart failure YU Tongtong, LIU Shuangshuang, WANG Jingjing, WANG Chuanhe, HAN Su, SUN Zhijun△ 2015, 43 (1):  68-71.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.018 Abstract ( 861 )   PDF (299KB) ( 4418 )   Abstract:Objective To analyze the differences in clinical characteristics and risk factors in patients with diastolic heart failure and systolic heart failure. Methods A total of 2 088 patients with heart failure were divided into two groups, diastolic heart failure group (EF≥0.45， n=1 356) and systolic heart failure group (EF<0.45， n=732), according to ejection fraction (EF). The clinical features and related factors affecting the two types of heart failure were compared between two groups. Results There were higher age, higher proportion of women and higher proportion of hypertensive patients in dia⁃ stolic heart failure group than those of systolic heart failure group, but lower rates of hypoalbuminemia, anemia, renal insuffi⁃ ciency and hyperuricimia. There was higher incidence of functional class I and II in diastolic heart failure group. And com⁃ pared with systolic heart failure group, there were higher levels of systolic blood pressure, albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol, sodium and serum chloride in diastolic heart failure group, but lower levels of heart rates, creatinine, blood uric acid, potassi⁃ um and brain natriuretic peptide. Compared with systolic heart failure group, there were lower left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) in diastolic heart failure group. And there were lowerRAS blocker and β-blocker usage, higher statin usage in diastolic heart failure group. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender and hypertension were significantly correlated with diastolic heart failure, and hypoalbuminemia and hyper⁃ uricimia were significantly correlated with systolic heart failure. Conclusion Our results show that there are differences in clinical features and risk factors in patients with diastolic heart failure and systolic heart failure. We should take the differ⁃ ent treatment and prevention programs for the two kinds of heart failures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of accompanying femoral artery and vein blood gas analysis in patients with burn sepsis WANG Chejiang1, LIU Hongxia1,WANG Yimin2, MENG Lingmin1, ZHANG Li1, ZHANG Qingfu1 2015, 43 (1):  72-73.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.019 Abstract ( 868 )   PDF (384KB) ( 3850 )   Abstract:Objective To discuss changes of accompanying femoral artery and vein blood gas in patients with burn sep⁃ sis. Methods The retrospective data of twenty-two patients with burn sepsis and forty-three non-sepsis patients (control) was analyzed, and changes of accompanying femoral artery and vein blood gas were compared between two groups.Results Results of femoral artery gas analysis showed that the HCO3- concentration was lower in sepsis group than that of control group. Results of femoral vein blood gas showed that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide [p(CO2)] was higher in sepsis group than that of control group; the oxygen saturation (SvO2) and HCO3- concentration was lower in sepsis group than that of control group (P＜ 0.01). The differences between oxygen partial pressure p(O2), p(CO2), HCO3- concentration, oxygen satura⁃ tion of femoral artery and vein blood gas were significantly higher in sepsis group than those of control group (P＜ 0.01). Conclusion Results of femoral vein blood gas analysis change obviously in patients with burn sepsis . The detection of accompanying femoral artery and vein blood gas is beneficial to diagnosis of burn sepsis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between waist circumference and new-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese patients with diabetes mellitus YANG Chunwei1, LIU Xing2, LIU Xiurong2， WANG Xiaotao3, ZHANG Jingyi1, YAN Xiuzong4, ZHOU Yanru1, 2015, 43 (1):  74-77.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.020 Abstract ( 536 )   PDF (2660KB) ( 4031 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the relationship between waist circumference and new-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non- obese patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 1 950 patients with diabetes mellitus, whodetermined fasting plasma glucose（FPG） ≥7.0 mmol/L or who were using hypoglycemic drugs and FPG < 7.0 mmol/L， and body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2, was selected in this study using prospective cohort method. Patients were divided into five groups according to the baseline data of waist circumference, including waist circumference<78 cm (A group, n=387), 78 cm90 cm (E group, n=421). Multiple Logistic regression model was used to analyze influential factors of new-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non- obese patients with diabetes mellitus. Re⁃ sults The average duration of follow-up was（47.24±5.13) months. The incidence rate was 11.85% (231/1 950) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The incidence rates were 6.98%, 9.28%, 12.38%, 14.19% and 15.68% in A, B, C, D and E groups, and which were increased with the increased waist circumference (P＜ 0.05). Results of multiple Logistic re⁃ gression model analysis showed that compared with A group， OR values were 1.97 and 2.19 in D and E groups respectively （P＜ 0.05). Conclusion Waist circumference≥85 cm was the risk factors of new-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese patients with diabetes mellitus. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of the envelope flap and triangular flap designs on postoperative#br# complications after mandibular third molar removal#br# #br# QIAO Feng, ZHU Dongwang 2015, 43 (1):  78-80.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.021 Abstract ( 963 )   PDF (382KB) ( 3943 )   Abstract： Objective To evaluate effects of two different flap designs (envelope flap and triangular flap) on complica⁃ tions after the mandibular third molar surgery. Methods A randomized, self controlled clinical trial design was selected for 52 patients treated in the outpatient surgery of Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University. Patients were treated with envelope flap design for lower third molar removal in one side and triangular flap on the other side. VAS scores were used to evaluate postoperative pain. The postoperative swelling was evaluated by patient` subjective index. The degree of the upper and lower incisor distance was used to evaluate trismus. Data of postoperative swelling, pain and trismus were re⁃ corded 1, 2 and 7 days after surgery. Data of postoperative wound dehiscence, bleeding situation and alveolitis were also re⁃ corded and compared between two groups. Results There were no significant differences in postoperative pain after 1, 2 and 7 days between two flap designs (P > 0.05). After 1 and 2 days there was more severe facial swelling in triangular flap group than that of envelope flap group (Z=2.005, Z=2.017, P < 0.05). There was more limited mouth opening after 1 and 2 days in triangular flap group than that of envelope flap group (t=2.578, t=2.410, P < 0.05), but on the seventh day there was no significant difference in the severity of facial swelling and trismus between two groups (P > 0.05). There were no signifi⁃ cant differences in postoperative pain, alveolitis, bleeding and wound dehiscence between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclu⁃ sion The envelope flap is more conductive to the early recovery in patients after surgery, but in the long term there is no ob⁃ vious difference between the two flap designs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different disinfection methods on antibacterial activity of TiO2 nanotubes NING Jia, LYU Wulong, WANG Lei, LI Changyi△ 2015, 43 (1):  81-84.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.022 Abstract ( 779 )   PDF (1438KB) ( 3875 )   Abstract： Objective To study the influence of different kinds of disinfection methods on antibacterial activity of TiO 2 nanotubes. Methods TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated with 0.5%wt HF on pure titanium to acid-etching combined with anodization as experimental group. The pure Ti was control group. They were disinfected by three kinds of disinfection meth⁃ ods, which were alcohol immersion, autoclaving and UV irradiation. The bacterial adhesion ability was evaluated by observ⁃ ing the morphology of samples, measuring the roughness and contracting angle. The film contact method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of samples with Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) after different infection treatment. The bacterial morphol⁃ ogy was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Results The treatment group has higher sur⁃ face roughness. The bacterial adhesion ability of experimental group was stronger compared with that of control group. The contracting angle of samples exposed to UV irradiation was smaller than that of alcohol immersion and autoclaving treatment group. The viable count and FE-SEM showed that there were more bacteria and more complete morphology on the sample surface after alcohol immersion. The viable count was less and bacterial morphology suffered some damage on the sample sur⁃ face after high pressure steam sterilization. The least viable count and the most complete destruction of bacterial morphology were found after ultraviolet (UV) germicidal irradiation. Conclusion UV irradiation shows the best antibacterial activity, the second is autoclaving and the worst is alcohol immersion. Related Articles | Metrics

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The association between drainage volume and removal of chest tube after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy HAN Hongli1, ZHANG Xun2△, WANG Dongbin3, YAO Peiyu1 2015, 43 (1):  85-87.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.023 Abstract ( 1515 )   PDF (282KB) ( 4495 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the association between drainage volume and removal of chest tube after video-as⁃ sisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) lobectomy. Methods Patients with VATS were randomly divided into three groups: the drainage volume was less than 100 mL/24 h (group A), the drainage volume was more than 100 mL/24 h but less than 200 mL/24 h(group B) and the drainage volume was more than 200 mL/24 h but less than 300 mL/24 h (group C). According to in⁃ clusion criteria and exclusion criteria, finally there were 90 patients in group A, 87 patients in group B and 83 patients in group C. The duration of chest-tube drainage, the occurrence of pulmonary infection, pulmonary atelectasis, pneumothorax, hydrothorax, seepage or delayed union after removal of chest tube, the dosage of analgesic and the length of hospital stay af⁃ ter surgery were recorded. Data were analyzed statistically. Results The average durations of chest- tube drainage were (91.76±15.59)h, (84.17±18.33)h and (56.14±12.25)h, the average morphine consumptions were (236.82±67.20)mg, (187.36± 76.64)mg and (139.29±52.74)mg, and the average lengths of hospital stay after surgery were (11.47±1.90)d, (10.68±2.50)d and (10.23±2.14)d for three groups of patients, respectively. And the indexes in group C were distinctly lower than those in group A and group B (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in pulmonary atelectasis, the occurrence of postopera⁃ tive pulmonary infection, pneumothorax, hydrothorax, seepage or delayed union after removal of chest tubes between three groups of patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion It is safe and acceptable that the removal of chest tube after VATS when the drainage volume reaches 300 mL within 24 h. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of agkistrodon hemocoagulase on coagulation function in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass WANG Delong,HE Keqiang， WANG Ruiting△, PAN Jianhui, CHAI Xiaoqing 2015, 43 (1):  88-92.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.024 Abstract ( 1142 )   PDF (407KB) ( 3876 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the efficiency and safety of agkistrodon hemocoagulase on coagulation function in pa⁃ tients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods In this prospective， randomized controlled trial， 80 eligible patients accepted valve replacement were assigned to control group (n=20) and agkistrodon hemoco⁃ agulase groups (H1, H2, H3) according to the different timing of administration. Twenty patients were given treatment 20 minutes before anesthesia induction (H1 group), 20 patients were given treatment 20 minutes after CBP (H2 group) and 20 patients were given treatment after CBP (H3 group). Coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplas⁃ tin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (Fib) and platelet (PLT) were detected 20 minutes before surgery (T0), immedi⁃ ately after surgery (T1) and 24 hours after surgery(T2). Data of 24-h postoperative drainage of mediastinal and pericardial, dura⁃ tion of mechanical ventilation, stay time of intensive care unit (ICU), the actual days of hospitalization and hospital costs were recorded. The clinical parameters were also recorded including blood transfusion after surgery, secondary thoracotomy, aller⁃ gies, liver and kidney dysfunction, deep vein thrombosis and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Results Compared with control group, values of PT, APTT and TT at T1 and T2 were significantly lower in H1, H2 and H3 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with T0, values of PT, APTT and TT at T1 and T2 were significantly higher in all groups of patients (P < 0.05). Values of PT and TT at T1 and T2 were significantly decreased in H3 group than those of H1 group (P < 0.05). The pericardial and mediastinal drainage, the duration of ventilation support within 24-h after surgery were significantly lower in H1, H2 and H3 groups than those of control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between groups. Conclusion Agkis⁃ trodon hemocoagulase is safe and effective in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of risk factors for adult community-acquired pneumonia caused by Gram negative bacilli in Tangshan LIU Xiangxin1, LIU Yunqiu2△, GENG Hemei1, ZHANG Jingyi3, JIANG Yonghui4， PU Jinghuan5, JING Yuntian6 2015, 43 (1):  93-96.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.025 Abstract ( 752 )   PDF (331KB) ( 3749 )   Abstract： Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors for adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Gram-negative bacilli in Tangshan, and provide reference for the early identification of Gram-negative bac⁃ teria CAP and the clinical use of antibiotics. Methods Data of retrospective general information, physical examination, aux⁃ iliary examination and pathogen were collected in patients with CAP in respiratory department from 6 hospitals in Tangshan between October 2011 to September 2012. According to the above data, the prognosis of patients with the team score (PORT) was calculated. The sputum samples were isolated for pathogen identification. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli. Results A total of 195 strains were isolated from 172 (32.45%) patients in 530 patients with CAP. There were 154 strains of Gram-negative ba⁃ cilli (78.97%) and 41 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (21.03%) in 195 bacterial strains. Univariate logistic regression anal⁃ ysis showed the possible risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli in patients with CAP including age≥65 years old, using antibi⁃ otics before hospitalization, basic diseases, cerebrovascular disease, malnutrion, white blood cell abnormal, neutrophilcount＜ 1 ×109/L, PORT classification≥Ⅲ, total bilirubin＞ 17.1 μmol/L and blood urea nitrogen＞ 7.1 mmol/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the independent risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli in patients with CAP including us⁃ ing antibiotics before hospitalization (OR = 2.327, 95% CI 1.453 -3.725), white blood cell abnormal (OR = 2.904, 95% CI 1.879- 4.490), PORT classification≥Ⅲ (OR = 3.839, 95% CI 2.427 -6.071), and blood urea nitrogen elevated (OR = 4.133, 95% CI 2.585 -6.606). Conclusion Clinical empirical anti-infection treatment should consider the risk factors including using antibiotics before hospitalization, white blood cell abnormal, PORT classification≥Ⅲ and blood urea nitrogen＞ 7.1 mmol/L in patients with susceptible to Gram-negative bacteria infection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of E-cadherin gene promoter methylation in bladder carcinogenesis: a Meta-analysis ZHANG Shuqing, ZHANG Xuliang, ZHANG Bo, HONG Liang 2015, 43 (1):  97-101.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.026 Abstract ( 806 )   PDF (476KB) ( 3813 )   Abstract： Objective To assess the role of E-cadherin (CDH1) promoter methylation in bladder carcinogenesis by meta-analysis. Methods The relevant database were searched by the retrieval strategy of Cochrane network. All included studies were collected following data: the first author’ s surname, publication year of article, country, language of publication, design of study, sample size, ethnicity, histological subtypes, methylation detection method and genotype frequencies etc. This meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 12.0 software. The crude odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results Ten case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The methylation frequency of CDH1 was detected in 620 bladder cancer tissues and 341 normal or cancerous tissues. Results showed that the methylation frequency of CDH1 was significantly higher in bladder cancer tissue than that of normal or cancerous tissue (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.13~8.50, P = 0.029). Furthermore, the ethnicity-stratified analysis revealed that the methylation frequency of CDH1 was significantly higher in bladder cancer tissue of Asian populations than that of normal or cancerous tissue (OR=3.85, 95% CI: 1.46~10.14, P=0.006), but no such association was found in Caucasian populations（OR=2.22, 95%CI: 0.38-12.91, P= 0.375). The subgroup analysis based on the detection methods revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the methylation frequency of CDH1 between bladder cancer tissue and adjacent tissues and normal tissues under the MSP subgroup (P < 0.001), while such association was not observed under the Q-MSP subgroup (P = 0.818). Conclusion Pro⁃ moter methylation of CDH1 gene may be involved in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer, which may serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in erythropoietin mimetic peptides DONG Yan1,2, XU Weiren1, KONG Dexin2△ 2015, 43 (1):  102-105.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.027 Abstract ( 852 )   PDF (433KB) ( 4005 )   Abstract： Erythropoietin (EPO) is an active glycoprotein synthesized by kidney. The physiological function of regulat⁃ ing the synthesis of erythrocytes by EPO makes it as a clinical drug for treatment of anemia resulted from chronic kidney fail⁃ ure. However, its short biological half-life makes frequent administration, which limits its wide clinical utility since the tough burden and pain on patients. Therefore, the development of EPO derivatives with good efficacy, less adverse reaction and long duration has been a hot spot in the field during several decades. There are currently many different variants of EPO derivatives including erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) on the market. This article aims to summarize the recent re⁃ search progress in the development of erythropoietin derivatives, specially focusing on EPO mimetic peptides (EMP). Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent progress in pedicle screw placement in the subaxial cervical spine and#br# clinical applications#br# #br# CHEN Changbao, ZHANG Xiaolin, MA Xinlong△ 2015, 43 (1):  106-108.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.028 Abstract ( 691 )   PDF (309KB) ( 3857 )   Pedicle screw fixation is biomechanically most reliable for reconstruction of the cervical spine, which can ef⁃ fectively restore cervical sagittal profiles, provide rigid fixation and higher fusion rate. Because of the large individual differ⁃ ences in cervical pedicle, vertebral artery and nerve root, preoperative evaluation should be individualized. Cervical pedicle screw techniques include freehand technique and the computer-assisted navigation technology developed recently. Although complications associated with cervical pedicle screw fixation cannot be completely obviated, they can be minimized by com⁃ bination of sufficient preoperative imaging studies of the pedicles and meticulous surgical techniques of screw placement. Cervical pedicle screw fixation techniques have been used in the treatment of various cervical disorders, with fewer complica⁃ tions and good clinical efficacy, and a wide range of clinical applications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the treatment of the overlap syndrome LI Qun, WANG Yan, CAO Jie△, ZHOU Ning, WANG Jie， GUO Meinan 2015, 43 (1):  109-112.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.029 Abstract ( 805 )   PDF (335KB) ( 4038 )   Abstract： The key treatment for overlap syndrome should focus on maximizing the therapeutic effect of each condition and concentrate of interventions that have showed benefit in both diseases. The goal of therapy includes the improvement in objective data including the reduction in sleep fragmentation, exacerbation rate, hospitalization frequency and mortality, and subjective data such as daytime functioning, quality of life and sleep quality. At present, the treatment of overlap syndrome is mainly rely on the positive airway pressure to improve ventilatory capacity and gas exchange function. Oxygen therapy as auxiliary treatment can alleviate hypoxemia. The key of drug therapy is to dilate the bronchus, clear secretions, reduce in⁃ flammatory response to improve the ventilation function. Meanwhile, daily exercise and dietary habits of life activity are indis⁃ pensable in the treatment of the disease as important supporting role to improve the motor function and the quality of life in patients. Related Articles | Metrics