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15 February 2015, Volume 43 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of intermittent hypoxia on RhoA/ROCK pathway in lung and on the muscularization in pulmonary vascular in rat model 2015, 43 (2):  113-116.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.001 Abstract ( 667 )   PDF (340KB) ( 3816 )   Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of intermittent hypoxia (IH) on RhoA/ROCK pathway in lung and on the muscularization in pulmonary vascular in rat model. Methods Wistar rats (n=40) were randomly divided into two groups: the normal oxygen control group (n=20) and the IH group ( n=20). For 4 weeks, rats in control group and IH group were ex⁃ posed to intermittent normal oxygen (21% O2) or IH (5%-21% O2) respectively. Then, mRNA transcription and protein trans⁃ lation levels of RhoA/ROCK were examined by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Expression of proliferation cell nuclear an⁃ tigen (PCNA) and α-smooth muscle actin (SM-α-actin ) of lung and pulmonary artery were detected by immunohistochemis⁃ try. Results RhoA mRNA transcription level（0.463±0.067 vs 0.182±0.040）, ROCK mRNA transcription level（0.384± 0.062 vs 0.192±0.052）, RhoA protein expression level（0.827±0.065 vs 0.424±0.075）and ROCK protein expression level （0.488±0.088 vs 0.336±0.102）were higher in IH group than those in control group（P <0.05）；Levels of PCNA in lung tissue （[ 54.67±1.80）% vs (9.14±0.91）%], PCNA in pulmonary artery （[ 49.40±1.21）% vs (8.38±1.13）%], SM-α-actin in lung tis⁃ sue [（42.66±1.63）% vs (35.44±1.41）%] and SM-α-actin in pulmonary artery [（62.62±2.53）% vs (45.54±2.58）%] were also higher in IH group than those in control group（P <0.05）. Conclusion Rho/ROCK pathway may play an important role in developing pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with IH; and IH can promote the muscularization in pulmonary vascular to accelerate PH. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hepatic oxidative stress and coagulation status in rat model of pulmonary emphysema combined with intermittent hypoxia Yi-Jiang MA HE Qing FENG Jing 2015, 43 (2):  117-120.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.002 Abstract ( 643 )   PDF (1202KB) ( 3907 )   ： Objective To establish the rat overlap syndrome (OS) model of intermittent hypoxia (IH) combined with pulmonary emphysema and to explore its connection with hepatic oxidative stress, inflammatory status in the live and coagu⁃ lation profile. Methods Male Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly divided into four groups: control group (A), IH group (B), pulmonary emphysema group (C) and OS group (D). The rat model of pulmonary emphysema was established by exposing rats in smoke for 16 weeks. From the 13th week, pre-programmed intermittent hypoxia/re-oxygenation (IH/ROX) exposure was given in the meantime of smoke exposure in OS group. Liver tissues were sectioned or triturated for pathological scoring or for detecting expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) respectively. Se⁃ rum levels of coagulant/anticoagulant factors such as antithrombin (AT), fibrinogen (FIB), von Willebrand factor(vWF) and Factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) were also evaluated using biochemistry analysis. Results The levels of pathological scores and coagulant factors（FIB, FⅧ:C and vWF:Ag）were significantly higher in group D than those in group A, B and C. The values of SOD, CAT and AT were significantly lower in group D than those in other three groups. Serum levels of FIB, vWF:Ag, FⅧ:C and AT:A correlated with SOD （r equal to -0.905、 -0.941、 -0.946 and 0.817 respective， P<0.01） . Conclusion In rat overlap syndrome when IH combined with pulmonary emphysema, hepatic inflammation and coagulability present mutual promotion effect and produce a more significant liver-derivative inflammatory and prothrombotic status. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation alleviates pulmonary emphysema and oxidative stress in rat 2015, 43 (2):  121-124.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.003 Abstract ( 822 )   PDF (1054KB) ( 3862 )   Abstract： Objective To test the effect of bone marrow mesenehymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation on oxidative stress and the development of pulmonary emphysema in rats. Methods SD rats (n=26) were randomly divided into three groups： normal control group (group A, n=8)， emphysema group (group B, n=8) and emphysema+MSCs transplantation group (group C, n=10)．Rat models of emphysema was established by exposing rats to cigarette smoking for 14 weeks. Then rats of group C received MSCs transplantation. At the 14th and 28th days after 4 course of MSCs transplantations, one rat in group C was sacrificed at each time point and their lungs were preserved in frozen sections. Survival of MSCs in the lung tissues were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Eight weeks after transplantations, lung sections were stained by hematoxylin and eo⁃ sin (HE) to observe the morphological alterations．Mean linear intercept (MLI) and mean alveolar numbers (MAN) were also measured. Serum and lung malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also examined. Re⁃ sults At the 14th day and 28th day after transplantations of MSCs, MSCs successfully localized to lung and survived in rat models of emphysema. Emphysematous changes of lung tissues were observed in both group B and group C. MLI was higher while MAN was lower in group B and C than those in group A (P < 0.05). MLI and MDA levels in serum and lung were high⁃ er while MAN level and SOD activity were lower in group B than those in group C (P < 0.05)．MDA levels in serum and lung was higher while SOD activity was lower in group B and C than those in group A (P < 0.05). Conclusion MSCs transplanta⁃ tions can effectively alleviates pulmonary emphysema in rat models which might through reducing oxidative stress． Related Articles | Metrics

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Chemical constituents of ethanol extracts from Daphne altaica pall and their pro-apoptotic role in cancer cell 2015, 43 (2):  125-128.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.004 Abstract ( 571 )   PDF (453KB) ( 4005 )   Abstract:Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the ethanol extract of Daphne altaica Pall (DA-Et), to determine total phenolic content in DA-Et and to study the effect of DA-Et on cell apoptosis in Eca-109 cells. Meth⁃ ods Different chemical assays were performed to detect chemical constituents of DA-Et. The content of total phenolics， ex⁃ pressed as gallic acid equivalents， was measured by Folin - Ciocalteu assay; Cell apoptosis induced by DA-Et was detected by AnnexinV-FITC/PI flow cytometry. Results Flavonoids，coumarins，sugars，alkaloids and phenolics in DA-Et. The contents of total phenolics in DA- Et was quantified as 159.78 mg/g. Average recovery rate of this method ranged from 99.4% to 108.3% and the precision relative standard deviation was 2.04%. Apoptosis rate of Esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109 induced by DA-Et was detected as 29.633%±1.779% (n=3). Conclusion Our study provide guidance for the im⁃ provement of DA-Et quality, its appropriate application and further research of its activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of mitochondrial fission in the cell proliferation ,apoptosis and invasion of thyroid squamous cell carcinoma cell line SW579 2015, 43 (2):  129-133.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.005 Abstract ( 579 )   PDF (403KB) ( 4174 )   ObjectiveTo detect the changes of mitochondrialdynamicsproteins(Mfn2 and Drp1) in cell line SW579, and the effects of Mdivi-1 on cell proliferation,apoptosis and invasion of cell line SW579. Methods In SW579 and Nthy-ori 3-1, the expression levels of Mfn2 and Drp1 were determined by western blot, the Mfn2 and Drp1 mRNA expression levels were measured by RT- PCR .Then, SW579 cells were divided into control group(DMSO, 0.1%)and Mdivi-1 group (different concentrations of Mdivi-115，30 and 45 μmol/L). SW579 cells were treated with Mdivi-1 for 16 h。Then the ability of cell proliferation was detected using MTT assay,the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by fluorescence spectrophotometer, the expression levels of cytochrome C and Caspase-3 were measured by Western blot, the Cyt C and Caspase-3 mRNA expression levels were determined by RT- PCR. the ability of invasion in each group was measured with Transwell assays. Results Compared with Nthy-ori 3-1,The mRNA and protein expression of the Mfn2 was remarkably decreased, whilethe mRNA and protein expression of the Drp1 was significantly increased in SW579 (P＜0.01). Compared with the control group, the cell survival rates and the mitochondrial membrane potential of SW579 weredecreased dramatically(P＜0.01),the mRNA and protein expression of the cytochrome C and Caspase-3 were increased dramatically (P＜0.01), the capability of invasion was markedly decreased in the Mdivi-1 group (P＜0.01) , which are all in a concentration-dependent manners (P＜0.01). Conclusion Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics may be involved in thyroid squamous cell carcinomaSW579 cells; Mdivi-1 can inhibit the cell proliferation as well as invasion, and also induce apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibiting effect of alcohol extract from Dioscore bulbifera on gastric cancer cells 2015, 43 (2):  133-136.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.006 Abstract ( 788 )   PDF (1252KB) ( 4323 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the inhibiting effects of alcohol extract from Dioscore bulbifera on proliferation, colony formation and migration of cancer cell lines. Methods Alcohol extract from Dioscore bulbifera was prepared using Soxhlet extraction. Human gastric cancer cell line MGC803 was treated with different concentrations（0, 60, 120 mg/L） of al⁃ cohol extract from Dioscore bulbifera. In vitro, proliferation, colony formation and migration of gastric cancer cells were detect⁃ ed by MTT, colony formation experiments and Transwell assay respectively. Results The proliferation（day2-day 6, F= 29.130, 21.864, 67.826, 36.015, 43.656, P < 0.01） and colony formation（F=11.918， P < 0.01） of gastric cancer cells were significantly inhibited by administration of alcohol extract from Dioscore bulbifera at both 60 mg/L and 120 mg/L . The migra⁃ tion （F=4.258， P <0.05） of gastric cancer cells were significantly suppressed after cells were treated with120 mg/L alcohol ex⁃ tract from Dioscore bulbifera. Conclusion Alcohol extract from Dioscore bulbifera significantly inhibit proliferation, colony formation and migration of gastric cancer cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of combination treatment using iron chelator deferasirox and cisplatin on proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer 2015, 43 (2):  137-141.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.007 Abstract ( 799 )   PDF (763KB) ( 3926 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the combination effect using iron chelators deferasirox and cisplatin on A549 cell proliferation and apoptosis and to provide evidences to explore an effective way to treat lung cancer. Methods Lung adeno⁃ carcinoma cells were cultured by conventional way, with administration of different concentrations of deferasirox and cisplat⁃ in. Cell growth inhibition was observed under an inverted microscope. Proliferation inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay. Morphological changes of cell apoptosis was detected using DAPI,AO/EB straning and flow cytometry. Results After a cer⁃ tain time of incubation with different concentrations of the combined drugs，the cell number reduce significantly, which was counted under invert microscope. Cells were dispersed with each other and adherent cells appear shrunken and poor in re⁃ fractivity. MTT assay showed that inhibition of cell proliferation was in a concentration-time-dependent manner. Chromatin condensation, nuclear condensation and other typical apoptotic morphology were detected after DAPI and AO/EB straning. Flow cytometry showed that apoptosis increased with rising drug concentration. So combination therapy was significantly pro-apoptotic. Conclusion Deferasirox has the ability to inhibit proliferation of A549 cells and can promote tumor cell apoptosis and enhances cancer cell tolerance when combined with cisplatin. It can also reduce the amount and toxicity of cis⁃ platin. It provides a basis for finding an effective way to treat lung cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization the methodology of isolating human ubilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells from Wharton's jelly and examination of their passage effect on immune phenotype using flow cytometry 2015, 43 (2):  142-146.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.008 Abstract ( 656 )   PDF (656KB) ( 3973 )   Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of different collagenase digestions on isolating human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from Wharton’ s jelly, to exam their differentiation ability and to investigate their passage effect on the immune phenotype. Methods Human umbilical cord samples were digested by collagenaseⅠ or Ⅱor Ⅳ for 4-18 hours then were passed through sieves . Cells were collected by centrifugation then inoculated in DMEM/F12 medium at concentration within range of 4.8×103 -1×104 /cm2 to compare the effect of different digestions on MSC. Von kossa staining and tetracycline fluorescence was used to label the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSC. Also RT-PCR was employed to identify the differentiate capacity of MSC into myocardial-like cells. The immunophenotype of MSCs were detected by flow cytometry after subculture. Results Using collagenaseⅠdigestion, the number of MSCs isolated from human umbilical cord in Wharton’ s jelly and their vitality were much higher while the period to show cell extension and primary culture time were shorter than those using collagenaseⅡor Ⅳ digestions. The analysis of surface marker revealed that the expression of positive markers include CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105 did not change with passages while the negative markers such as CD31, CD34 and HLA-DR increased significantly with passages; Differential experiments induced in vitro show that human umbilical cord MSC in wharton’ s jelly had the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and myocardial-like cells. Con⁃ clusion The human umbilical cord MSC in Wharton’ s jelly was successfully isolated by collagenaseⅠdigestion. This meth⁃ od was simple with a high success rate while cell loss and damage were minimum. This makes large-scale cultivation possi⁃ble. Negative markers increased with cell passages. This phenomenon revealed that MSC showed directional differentiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of electroacupuncture on abducens nerve injury in Beagle dog 2015, 43 (2):  147-149.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.009 Abstract ( 801 )   PDF (461KB) ( 3916 )   Abstract:Objective To establish Beagle dogs’model of abducens nerves injury and to observe the clinical therapeu⁃ tic effect of electroacupuncture treatment. Methods Twenty-four Beagle dogs were randomly divided into simple crush group (control group) and crush with electrical stimulation group (experimental group). Cisternal segment of the abducens nerve was given a crush injury, then electrodes were implanted to stimulate the abducens nerve and lateral rectus muscle. Distance between the center of the pupil to medial margin of extraocular adjoin was measured from 1 to 12 weeks after opera⁃ tions. Results All procedures used in the study were well tolerated by Beagle dogs. Electrode implantation to stimulate the lateral rectus muscle and the abducens nerve behind of cavemous sinus was successful. There was no statistical significance of the distance between the two groups from 1 to 2 weeks after operations, and the distance was shorter in experimental group than that in control group from 4 to 12 weeks after operations (P < 0.01). Conclusion The animal models established to study electroacupuncture treatment of the injured abducens nerves was successful. Electroacupuncture can promote the re⁃ covery of the injured abducens nerves obviously. Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-apoptosis Effect of RNSP on Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury of Rats 2015, 43 (2):  150-153.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.010 Abstract ( 862 )   PDF (624KB) ( 3872 )   Abstract:Objective To observe the protective and anti-apoptosis effects of Rannasangpei (RNSP) on brain ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established and the groups were divided as sham group, MCAO group, vehicle + MCAO group and RNSP + MCAO group. Neuronal deficient signs, brain infarct area, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and the expression of caspase-3 were evaluated by neuronal deficient score, TTC (2， 3， 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining and Western blot respectively. Results Compared with those parameters in sham group, the neuronal deficient signs, infarct area and caspase-3 expression increased evidently while the ratio of Bcl-2/ Bax decreased markedly in MCAO group. But in RNSP + MCAO group, the neuronal deficient signs, infarct area and cas⁃ pase-3 expression decreased greatly while the ratio of Bcl- 2/Bax increased markedly compared with those parameters in MCAO group. Conclusion RNSP may have protective effects on brain ischemia and reperfusion, which is related to its an⁃ ti-apoptosis role indicated by upregulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratios and downregulation of caspase-3. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Eldepryl on TH and GDNF expressions in substantia nigra and striatum in Parkinson’ s disease model in rat 2015, 43 (2):  154-157.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.011 Abstract ( 601 )   PDF (944KB) ( 4149 )   Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of Eldepryl on expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in substantia nigra and striatum in Parkinson’ s disease (PD) and to explore the protective mechanism of Eldepryl on dopaminergic neuron . Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=72) were randomly divided into control group, model group and Eldepryl group (n=24 in each group). Each group was divided random⁃ ly into 2 subgroups as 4 day treatment group and 8 day treatment group (n=12 in each subgrop). Pakinson’ s disease model was established by injecting rotenone subcutaneously back the neck, rats in the control group were injected with an equal vol⁃ ume of sunflower oil subcutaneously at the same location. Rats in the Eldepryl group were then given Eldepryl 0.5 mg·kg-1 in⁃ tragastrically every day for 4 or 8 consecutive days and rats in model group and control group were given an equal volume of saline instead. The expression of TH and GDNF in substantia nigra and striatum were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed that strong expression of TH positive cells with little expression of GDNF positive cells were seen in substantia nigra and striatum in rats of control group, and there was no significant difference between subgroup of 8 day treatment and 4 day treatment within control group. The expression of TH cells and GDNF were both significantly reduced in model group compared with those in control group (both P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between subgroup of 8 day treatment and 4 day treatment within each group. The ex⁃ pression of TH positive cells were significantly reduced in Eldepryl group compared with those in control group, and were sig⁃ nificantly increased compared with those in model group. The expression of GDNF positive cells were significantly increased in Eldepryl group compared with those in control group and model group (all P<0.05). And there were significantly more ex⁃ pression of TH positive cells and GDNF positive cells at subgroup of 8 day treatment compared with those at subgroup of 4 day treatment within Eldepryl group with (all P < 0.05). Conclusion These data suggest that Eldepryl can protect the dam⁃ age of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and striatum of PD rats. And its therapeutic mechanism may be associated with increased expression of GDNF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect and mechanism of Imatinib mesilate on intimal hyperplasia of rabbit carotid artery after ballon injury 2015, 43 (2):  158-161.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.012 Abstract ( 541 )   PDF (765KB) ( 4049 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Imatinib mesilate (Imatinib) on intimal hyperplasia of rabbit carotid arteries after balloon injury. Methods Thirty adult Newzealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group A, B and C. Their right carotid arteries were injuried then administered with 0, 25 or 50 mg/kg of Imatinib dai⁃ ly for 14 consecutive days when the rabbits were sacrificed. The carotid arteries were harvested and sectioned for HE-stain⁃ ing and immunohistochemisty staining. Real-Time PCR was used to examine transcription levels of PDGF-B and PDGFR-β mRNA. The plasma level of PDGF-BB was assayed by ELISA. Results Arterial intimal hyperplasia and stenosis following balloon injury were seen in three groups. Thickness and area of neointima, ratio of thickness of intima to media, ratio of area of intima to media and mRNA level of PDGF-β are all higher in group A than those in group B than those in group C (P＜ 0.01). By contrast, the mRNA transcription level of PDGFR- β increased significantly in group C than that in group A (1.236±0.356 vs 0.708±0.372; t=2.91; P＜0.01). Plasma level of PDGF-BB increased in all three groups after balloon injury than that in the baseline (P＜0.01). The transcription level of PDGF-BB is higher in group A than that in group B and in group C (ng/L:23.464±3.542, 19.504±2.454, 16.588±1.207, F=17.322, P＜0.05). There was no difference between group B and C. There was positive correlation between mRNA transcription level of PDGF-B and plasma level of PDGF-BB (r= 0.806, P＜0.01). Conclusion Vascular injury can cause intimal hyperplasia and increased PDGF-B mRNA transcription. Imatinib mesilate could inhibit the intimal hyperplasia through down regulating PDGF-B mRNA transcription. Related Articles | Metrics

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Microarray datasets and biomarker in mice who were acutely administered with morphine 2015, 43 (2):  162-165.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.013 Abstract ( 630 )   PDF (934KB) ( 3847 )   Abstract： Objective To identify the differentially expressed genes and functional enrichment pathways using bioin⁃ formatics technology in mice who were acutely administered with Morphine. Methods First, we downloaded microarray da⁃ tasets of mice which were acutely administered with Morphine from Gene Expression Omnibus, and assess the quality control parameters of the microarray datasets using AffyQCReport 1.42.0 package by R programming language 3.1.0 software. Subse⁃ quently, the differentially expressed genes of the microarray datasets were identified using the linear models for microarray data of R language. Finally, functional pathways of the differentially expressed genes were enriched based on expression anal⁃ ysis and systematic explorer. Results The microarray datasets showed preferable uniformity and intension similarity. A to⁃ tal of 481 differentially expressed genes including Gm11627, Zfand4, Zbtb16, Pkp2 and Plin4 were identified. While 8 func⁃ tional enrichment pathways, including pathways in cancer, melanogenesis and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling were revealed. Conclusion The differentially expressed genes and functional pathways were the underlying biomarkers of mice who were acutely administered with Morphine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Virulence factors detection and single nucleotide polymorphism assay of extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli in elderly nosocomial infection 2015, 43 (2):  166-170.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.014 Abstract ( 841 )   PDF (506KB) ( 4014 )   Abstract： Objective To examine the detection rate of 30 known virulence factors (VFs) of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli （ExPEC） , and to investigates the epidemiology of ExPEC in elderly nosocomial infection. Methods A to⁃ tal of 140 ExPEC clinical isolates from elderly nosocomial patients in hospitals in Tianjin were investigated. Multiplex PCR was performed to detect the 30 virulence factors among the E.coli strains and the detection rate of virulence factors for Ex⁃ PEC were compared between isolates from different sites of infection．Fifty E. coli strains were shown to carry fimH gene that was amplified and sequenced. These sequences were used besides3 references strains (CFT037、 UTI89 and K-12 ) to detect SNPs of fimH gene using DNAMAN Version 6.0.3.93 these 53 fimH sequences were used for genotyping and building dendrogram by MEGA4 software. Results In ExPEC, the following virulence factor genes, fimH, traT, fyuA, iutA and kpsMT II, had a higher detection rate than those of the rest . The following virulence factor genes, kpsMT II, K5, papC, pa⁃ pEF ,papG allele II (Internal), papA, cnf1 (CNF), sfa / focDE and rfc had a a higher detectionrate from non-urine origin sam⁃ ples than those from urine origin samples. fimH SNPs analysis of the 50 clinical isolated samples and 3 references samples showed 60 SNPs at 57 polymorphic sites. The fimH SNPs analysis classified the 53 strains into 25 genotype. The genetic fin⁃ gerprintings of 11 isolates were exactly the same. Conclusion Many kinds of virulence factors can be found in ExPEC of el⁃ derly nosocomial infection. The ExPEC strain isolated from non-urine origin had a stronger pathogenicity than those from urine-origin specimens. fimH SNPs analysis is suitable for molecular epidemiological investigation of ExPEC in hospital. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression levels and clinical significance of FOXQ1 and E-cadherin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 2015, 43 (2):  170-174.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.015 Abstract ( 804 )   PDF (1219KB) ( 4295 )   Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression levels and clinical significance of (forkhead box Q1) FOXQ1 and E-cadherin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Expression levels of FOXQ1 and E-cadherin were in ESCC tissues (ESCC group, n=42) and adjacent normal esophageal tissues (control group, n=42) were detected using im⁃ munohistochemistry. Correlations of FOXQ1 and E-cadherin expressions with clinical pathological parameters and progno⁃ sis were analyzed between two groups. Results The expression level of FOXQ1 was significantly higher in ESCC group than that in control group（64.29% vs 28.57%， χ2 =5.384， P＜0.05） . The expression level of E-cadherin was significantly lower in ESCC group than that incontrol group （52.38% vs 90.48%， χ2 =7.691， P＜0.05） . There were significant differences in FOXQ1 expressions between different TNM stages and whether lymph node metastasis is involved within ESCC group. There were significant differences in expression of E-cadherin between different tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, TNM stage and whether lymph node metastasis is involved within ESCC group. The expression of FOXQ1 was negatively cor⁃ related with E-cadherin in ESCC (r =-0.412, P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rates were significantly lower with high expres⁃ sion of FOXQ1 or with low expression of FOXQ1 （18.52% vs 66.67%， χ2 =9.737， P < 0.05） . The 5-year survival rates were significantly higher with high expression of E-cadherinor low expression of E-cadherin （59.09% vs 10.00%， χ2 =10.996， P < 0.05） . A multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis indicated that high FOXQ1 expression, low E-cadherin expression and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for ESCC. Conclusion The expression of FOXQ1 and E-cadherin showed a good correlation with ESCC. And examining expressions of both FOXQ1 and E-cadherin in ESCC may have practical values in estimating the prognosis of ESCC and directing future treatment . Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of MACC1 and c-Met genes in prostate cancer tissues 2015, 43 (2):  175-178.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.016 Abstract ( 911 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 5834 )   Abstract： Objective This study is to investigate the expressions of MACC1 and c-Met genes in prostate cancer tis⁃ sues and to explore the relationship between these gene expressions with the development, invasion and metastasis of pros⁃ tate cancer. Methods The expressions of MACC1 and c-Met genes were examined in 30 cases of benign prostatic hyperpla⁃ sia and 67 cases of prostate cancer using citron acid-microwave-SP immunohistochemical method and analysed with their clinical pathological features. Results Expressions of MACC1 and c-Met in prostate tissues show statistical difference ac⁃ cording to Gleason score, PSA level, pathological stages and whether bone metastasis occurs after radical surgery (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but their expressions in prostate tissue show no significant difference among different sex, age and whether smoking or not. Expression of MACC1 in prostate tissue of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳcancer is significantly higher than that in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues (P < 0.05) while the expression of c-Met only shows statistical difference in prostate tis⁃ sue of stage Ⅳcancer compared with that in BPH (P < 0.05). There is a positive correlation between the expression of MACC1 with expression of c-Met in prostate cancer tissues (P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that the survival rates was lower and survival time of bone-free metastasis were shorter in patients with high MACC1 and c-Met expressions in prostate tissue than those with low expressions of MACC1 and c-Met in prostate tissue. Conclusion Expression of MACC1 and c-Met is closely related to the development, invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer, so MACC1 and c-Met may be used as promising diagnostic and prognostic markers for prostate tumor, and as new therapeutic targets for prostate cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between PCSK9 gene polymorphorism rs11206510 with blood lipid level and coronary heart disease 2015, 43 (2):  179-182.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.017 Abstract ( 927 )   PDF (306KB) ( 4345 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the relationship between PCSK9 gene polymorphism with lipid metabolism and CHD risk among population within Tianjin, China. Methods Patients from Tianjin Chest Hospital were selected (n=778) and divided into coronary heart disease (CHD) group (n=502) and control group (n=276). Immediately after admission, tri⁃ glyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A (ApoA1) and apolipo⁃ protein B (ApoB) were tested and genotype TT,TC and CC were determined. Results In CHD group, LDL-C level is higher in TC genotype individuals than that in TT genotype individuals with statistical significance (P＜0.05). CHD group and the control group were dominated by TT genotype with no statistical difference between their allele frequency distribution nor genotype frequency distribution(P ＞ 0.05). The total population allele frequencies were T 96.1% (1 495/1 556), C 3.9% (61/ 1 556); genotype frequencies were TT 92.2% (717/778), TC 7.8% (61/778). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that ApoA1 and HDL-C were inversely associated with coronary heart disease, therefore are protective factors for coronary heart disease. Conclusion The study found that TC genotype is correlated with serum LDL-C increase in group CHD, and the incidence of allele C showed no obvious connection with CHD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinic application of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in predicting expansion hematoma in elderly male patients with acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage 2015, 43 (2):  183-185.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.018 Abstract ( 846 )   PDF (270KB) ( 4070 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate whether serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol can predict the expan⁃ sion of hemorrhage growth in elderly male patients with acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Patients (n= 108) who visited our hospital with from June 2012 until May 2014 spontaneous hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage with⁃ in 6 hours of onset which is confirmed by initial computed tomography (CT) were sent to repeated CT within 24 hours of on⁃ set. All selected patients were divided into the LDL-C≥2.49 mmol/L group and LDL-C＜2.49 mmol/L group. Clinical data of these 2 groups were compared and the relationships of hematoma growth and its risk factors were analyzed. Results Baseline blood pressure, the level of blood glucose, PT, APTT, FIB, PLT and hemorrhage volume did not differ significantly between the LDL-C≥2.49 mmol/L group and LDL-C＜2.49 mmol/L group. The ratio of hemorrhage growth in LDL-C＜2.49 mmol/L group was significantly higher than that in LDL-C≥2.49 mmol/L group (34.21% vs 11.43%). Multiple logistic regres⁃ sion analysis showed that LDL-C＜2.49 mmol/L was the only risk factor contribute to hemorrhage growth. Conclusion Pa⁃ tients with LDL-C＜2.49 mmol/L in acute intracerebral hemorrhage are of high risk of hemorrhage growth so early attention and appropriate procedure are needed to prevent or slow its growth. Related Articles | Metrics

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E6/E7 mRNA expression level in cervical lesions with high-risk HPV infection 2015, 43 (2):  186-188.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.019 Abstract ( 2223 )   PDF (287KB) ( 8148 )   Abstract： Objective To explore the clinical value of examining HPV E6 / E7 mRNA level in assessing cervical le⁃ sions infected with high- risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). Methods The cervical epithelial cells were collected from 265 patients with HR-HPV infection, including 100 cases of neoplasia free/ inflammation group (control group), 88 cas⁃ es of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅰ, 33 cases of CINⅡ, 28 cases of CINⅢ and 16 cases of cervical carcinoma and the transcription of HPV E6 / E7 mRNA level was examined using branched DNA (b - DNA) technology. Results The positive rate HPV E6/E7 mRNA were higher in CIN Ⅱ (81.82%), CIN Ⅲ(89.29%) and cervical cancer group (100.00%) than tthat in control group (20.00%) and CINⅠ(35.23%) with significant difference, and there were no significant differences between other groups ; The positive rate and transcription level of HPV E6/E7 mRNA in HSIL (high grade squamous intraepi⁃ thelial lesion)and cancer group were significantly higher than normal, ASC(atypical squamous cell carcinoma) and LSIL（low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The transcription level of HPV E6 / E7 mRNA may re⁃ flect the activity of the virus and the progression of disease, and could be use as an effective indicator to screen high grade cervical pathological changes and a complementary method of cervical lesion screening. Related Articles | Metrics

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Short term curative effect of NB09 protocol on high-risk and ultra-high-risk neuroblastoma 2015, 43 (2):  189-192.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.020 Abstract ( 831 )   PDF (383KB) ( 4092 )   Abstract： Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of NB09 (China Pediatric Neuroblastoma cooperative group 09) protocol on children with high-risk and ultra-high risk neuroblastoma. Methods The clinical and follow-up data of pa⁃ tients who suffered from high-risk (n=7) and ultra-high risk (n=31) neuroblastomas and admitted in Tumor hospital of Tian⁃ jin Medical University between January 2009 to January 2013 were retrospectively reviewed (27 boys and 11 girls). The age at diagnosis was 19-160 months (median age was 36.5 months). In the high risk group, patients were evaluated and operated after 4 to 6 circles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In ultra-high risk group, patient received chemotherapy before and after op⁃ eration, then autologous stem cell transplantation and tumor bed radiotherapy. After chemotherapy, retinoic acid treatment was given to patients in ultra high risk group as in high risk group. Results At the end of treatment, 25 patients achieved complete remission; 5 patients achieved partial remission; 3 patients were in stable disease; 5 patients were deteriorating in their conditions which lead to 2 deaths. In total, the response rate reaches upto 86.8%. By the end of follow up, 15 patients had a disease-free-survival, 9 patients survived with tumor, 7 died from recurrence and 7 died from deteriorating conditions. Survival time ranged from 6 to 52 months (median survival 25.5 months). The 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival were 91.7%, 64.5% and 57.3% respectively. Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test showed no statistical significance between high risk and ultra-high risk neuroblastomas. Conclusion The outcome of NB09 protocol for high risk and ultra-high risk neuroblastoma was preliminary affirmed. It is worthy of further clinical verification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of serum minerals levels in elderly population in Tianjin 2015, 43 (2):  193-195.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.021 Abstract ( 654 )   PDF (308KB) ( 3727 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the levels of 8 minerals that are related to human health in serum of elderly popu⁃ lation in Tianjin and to provide evidence based guidance for scientifical and rational dietary. Methods Venous blood was collected from 714 elderly people and the levels of 8 minerals were examined by inductively coupled plasma - mass spec⁃ trometry (ICP-MS). Results The percentage of the elderly people who are short of at least one mineral was up to 92.7%. The percentages of deficiency in serum zinc, manganese, magnesium, chrome, iron, calcium, copper, selenium are 79.3 %, 73.4%, 58.5%, 42.4%, 39.8%, 23.0%, 1.5% and 0.6% respectively . The level of Ferrum in men’ s serum is higher than that in women, while the levels of calcium, chrome and copper in men’ s serum are lower than those in women. Conclusion The level of the minerals is generally low in the elderly population from Tianjin and ways were needed in improving dietary. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of mini-open approach beside costodiaphragmatic recess in anterior thoracolumbar spine surgery 2015, 43 (2):  196-199.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.022 Abstract ( 1090 )   PDF (1116KB) ( 3698 )   Abstract： Objective To analyze the value of mini-open approach beside costodiaphragmatic recess in thoracolumbar spine surgery. Methods This approach was applied in 31 anterior thoracolumbar spine surgeries, including 22 men and 9 women, with a mean age of 41 years old (range, 26-58 yrs). The diagnosis were burst fractures in 27 cases (T12 level in 12 cas⁃ es and L1 level in 15 cases) and disc herniations with osteochondrosis in 4 cases. An antero-lateral 10-15 (average is 12) cm incision was performed, then the 11th rib was resected and the extraperitoneal space below diaphragma was disconnected. The pleura fold was identified beneath the rib bed, so the gap beside the costdiaphragmatic recess was entered through an in⁃ cision beyond the fold. The diaphragm and medial arcuate ligament were clipped and vertebral body from T11 to L2 were ex⁃ posed. Results The lateral side of T11 to L2 vertebral body was sufficiently exposed in all the 31 patients. In 26 patients, the pleura fold was beyond the bed of the 11th rib, so the 11th intercostals vessel and nerve were exposed and protected, and the costodiaphragmatic recess was reached through the superior border of the 12th rib. Laceration of pleura occurred in 4 cases af⁃ ter it was sutured, but the extra-pleura approach could still be used after repairing without invading into thorax. Fixation and fusion were performed from T11 to L2. Complications include intercostals nerve pain were seen in 3 cases, which resolved with conservative treatment. Conclusion The mini-open approach beside costodiaphragmatic recess can be used in anterior thoraclumbar spine surgery with sufficient explosion and minimum injury in which thoracic cavity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinic analysis of Hybrid Surgery to treat multi segmental anterior cervical spondylotic myelopathy 2015, 43 (2):  199-202.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.023 Abstract ( 729 )   PDF (483KB) ( 4157 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the effect of corpectomy decompression by subtotal vertebrectomy and fusion of adjacent segmental artificial disc replacement through anterior intervertenral spance (Hybrid Surgery) in the anteriorcervical spondylotic myelopathy treatment . Methods Hybrid Surgery were operated on 18 patients who suffered from anterior cervi⁃ cal spondylotic myelopathy . Follow up of 1-50 months. Patient’ s conditions were assessed according to the Japanese Associ⁃ ation for Department of orthopedics assessment score (JOA score) before and after operation. Effects of Hybrid operation were assessed by the improvement of JOA score, Odom’ s follow-up grade and cervical mobility . Results The JOA scores of all 18 operated patients were improved from 10.6 ± 1.7 before operation to 13.5 ± 2.4 after operation. And the difference is statistically significant (t=1.314, P < 0.05). Among all the operated patients, 16 were cured and 2 were effective. As to Odom’ s follow up grades, 6 cases were excellent, 11 cases were good and 1 case was acceptable. The postoperative move⁃ ment range of cervical spine (40.1° ± 8.4°) show no statistically difference compared with that in preoperation (42.6° ± 11.9°) (t=0.68, P > 0.05). Conclusion Hybrid Surgery of anterior cervical decompression and fusion can both improve the nerve function and preserve cervical mobility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of stroke volume variation in directing management of elderly septic shock patients 2015, 43 (2):  203-206.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.024 Abstract ( 687 )   PDF (304KB) ( 3873 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the application of stroke volume variation (SVV) in directing management of elderly septic shock patients. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with elderly septic shock and supported with mechanical ventilation were in⁃ cluded (n=28). They were divided into control group (n=13) and SVV group (n=15). Volume recovery was directed by CVP (central ve⁃ nous pressure ) in control group and by SVV and CO (cardiac output) in SVV guoup respectively. Blood lactate, oxidation index, CVP , MVP, NT-proBNP, time of recovery, the length relying on mechanical ventilation and Vigileo parameters were compared after volume resuscition. During the period of treatment, the incidence of acute left ventricle dysfunction within 24 hours, MODS within 28 days and mortality rates of all causes were compared between these two groups. Changes in SVV, cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular re⁃ sistance (SVR) in SVV group before and after resustation were recorded. Results Blood lactate acid and NT-proBNP were significant⁃ ly lower in SVV group compared with those in control group whereas oxidation index in SVV group were significantly higher than that of control group. The time of resuscitation and the duration relying on mechanical ventilation were shorter in SVV group than those in control group. On the contrary, the incidence of acute left ventricle dysfunction，MODS and all mortality rates were not significantly different between these two groups. There were significant differences between hemodynamic variables such as SVV, CO in SVV group before and after resuscitation. Conclusion SVV may direct volume resuscitation more effective in elderly septic shock than CVP does. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different interventions on acute ischemic disease of lower extremities 2015, 43 (2):  206-208.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.025 Abstract ( 614 )   PDF (303KB) ( 3810 )   Abstract： Objective To compare the treatment effects of catheter directed thrombolysis and thrombetomy for acute ar⁃ terial ischemia of the lower extremity. Methods Patients who visited Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from 2011 to 2013 and were attacked by acute ischemic disease of lower extremities within 3 days (n=66) were investigated. Thrombetomy and thrombolysis treatment had been performed to 32 cases and 34 cases respectively according to patients’ own willingness. Postoperative symptom remission rate, limb salvage rate, fatality rate, reperfusion injury rate (including re⁃ nal inadequacy, heart failure, muscle fascia compartment syndrome), bleeding rate and limb dysfunction rate were compared between these two groups. Results There was no statistical difference on the rate of symptom remission（93.8% vs 94.1%） , limb salvage（96.9% vs 100%） , case fatality rate （3.1% vs 0） , bleeding rate（0 vs 8.8%）and limb dysfunction rate （0 vs 5.9%） between these two groups. However, the incidence of reperfusion injury was higher in the group of thrombectomy （37.5% vs 2.9%, P <0.05） compared to that of the other group. Conclusion Similar effect of treatment and less reperfusion injury, especially renal injury, had been achieved by CDT compared with thrombetomy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ventilation effect of I-gel laryngeal mask used in endoscopic thyroid surgery under general anesthesia 2015, 43 (2):  209-213.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.026 Abstract ( 857 )   PDF (353KB) ( 4336 )   Abstract： Objective To observe the ventilation effect of I-gel laryngeal mask in endoscopic thyroid surgery under general anesthesia. Methods A total of 60 cases of endoscopic thyroid surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly di⁃ vided into 3 groups (n= 20): the group that patients used endotracheal intubation (Group Q); the group that patients employed Supreme laryngeal mask (Group S) ; the group that patients wore I-gel laryngeal mask (Group I). Success rate of insertion, du⁃ ration of insertion, endotracheal pressure of Group S and Group I worerecored, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in Group S and I to evaluate the position of laryngeal mask. Mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR), pulse oxygen satura⁃ tion (SpO2) at time points of before insertion (T0), 1 min after insertion (T1), 3 min after insertion (T2), before the establishment of CO2 operating space (T3), 30 min after the establishment of CO2 operating space (T4), 10 min after the resection of speci⁃ mens (T5), 1 min before removal of laryngeal mask (T6) and 1 min after the removal of laryngeal mask (T7) were recorded and the end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure [ p(CO2) ]and peak airway pressure (Ppeak) form T1 to T5. were also recorded. Occur⁃ rence of nausea and vomiting, sore throat and other adverse reactions after removal of laryngeal mask were also noted. Re⁃ sults The successful rate of insertion was not significant different among all three groups. Compared with Group Q, inser⁃ tion time was significantly shorter in Group I and S (P＜0.05). Endotracheal pressure and fiberoptic bronchoscopy score are not statistically different between Group S and I. Compared with Group Q, MAP and HR in T1, T6 and T7 were significantly lower in Group S and I (P＜0.05). SpO ， p(CO ) and Ppeak show no statistical difference between three groups. Compared with Group S and Q, the occurrence of sore throat, painful swallowing and bleeding which is indicated by the appearance of blood in laryngeal were all significantly lower in Group I (P <0.05). Conclusion Both I-gel laryngeal mask and Supreme laryngeal mask can be used safely and effectively in airway management of endoscopic thyroid surgery patients while I-gel laryngeal mask is less hurting and more comfortable than Supreme laryngeal mask. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinic significance of neutrophil-iymphocyte ratio in the early-stage diabetic nephropathy 2015, 43 (2):  214-216.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.027 Abstract ( 896 )   PDF (291KB) ( 4274 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in early-stage diabetic nephropathy and i clinic significance. Methods The 145 subjects were divided into two groups: the healthy control group (n=54) and ear stage diabetic nephropathy group (n=91). The numbers of neutrophils (N) and lymphocytes (L) as well as the NLR values peripheral blood and other biochemistry index were examined. Factors of early stage diabetic nephropathy were calculated u ing variance and logistic regression analysis. Results Creatinine(Cr), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), LDL-C, ne trophils number and CRP in DN group were significantly higher than those of the control group and lymphocytes numbers DN group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05 respectively); NLR values were significantly high in diabetic nephropathy group compared with those of healthy control group （2.52±0.57 vs 1.82±0.60， t=6.997, P < 0.01） . L gistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of DN include NLR, TG and total cholesterol. NLR (P <0.001, OR 8.951, OR 95%CI： 3.595-22.287) was significantly associated with DN. Conclusion High NLR values may be a predi tive and reliable marker ofearly-stage DN. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinic significance of four clinical scoring systems in evaluating prognosis of acute pancreatitis 2015, 43 (2):  217-220.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.028 Abstract ( 756 )   PDF (349KB) ( 4479 )   Abstract： Objective To compare the clinic significance of four clinical scoring systems in evaluating prognosis of acute pancreatitis: bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ), Ranson’ s scoring system, computed tomography severity index (CTSI) in AP. Methods Patients visited our clinic with AP (n=114) in recent 2 years were retrospectively analyzed. BISAP and APACHE Ⅱscores were obtained at 24 hours after admission; Ranson ’ s score was obtained at 48 hours after admission and CTSI are obtained was obtained at 72 hours after admission. Results of four scoring system were compared under different causes and different severity of the dis⁃ ease. Correlation between BISAP score and the other three scores were analyzed and the predicative value of all four scoring systems for severity of AP and death were also compared. Results The mean values of four scoring systems show no signifi⁃ cant difference in AP patients with different etiology (P＞0.05). The BISAP score is positively correlated with APACHE-Ⅱ, Ranson ’ s score and CTSI score (P < 0.01). The four scoring systems all present good predictive value on the severity of AP and death (P < 0.01). Conclusion The four scoring systems can all be applied to grading and prognosis for AP of various causes. BISAP is a simple, prompt, economical scoring system in clinical practice Related Articles | Metrics

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Variability and clinical application of metabolic markers of bone 2015, 43 (2):  221-224.  doi: 10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.02.029 Abstract ( 853 )   PDF (342KB) ( 4114 )   Abstract： Metabolic markers were released in the process of bone resorption and formation during bone remodelling. These markers have been extensively studied in trials of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone disorders during the past de⁃ cades. Bone metabolic markers can replenish bone mineral density in the management of osteoporosis, but their use in clini⁃ cal practice is challenged by their variability. Recently, there are many great progress in research of bone metabolic markers application in non metabolic bone disorders. Related Articles | Metrics