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15 August 2016, Volume 44 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Cell and Molecular Biology

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Basic concept of treatment for chronic heart failure: past, present and future HUANG Jun 2016, 44 (8):  929-931.  doi: 10.11958/20160304 Abstract ( 1029 )   PDF (338KB) ( 3879 )   Abstract： In the 70s of last century, the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) mainly uses inotropic drugs, diuretic and vasodilators, which can improve the hemodynamic condition and have no change in mortality in patients. Since the end of 1980s, excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and sympathetic nervous system have demonstrated to play a key role in the pathophysiology of CHF. Blockade of these two systems can significantly reduce the mortality of CHF, which become a comerstone of the treatment of heart failure. Since 2010, three different types of drugs namely ivabradine, LCZ696 and a kind of traditional Chinese medicine have been shown confirmed the curative effects for heart failure, that means a new concept of CHF treatment, neurohormonal blockade/inducing and systematical regulation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The drug therapy of cardiac arrhythmias REN Ziwen 2016, 44 (8):  932-934.  doi: 10.11958/20160573 Abstract ( 1031 )   PDF (284KB) ( 4843 )   Abstract: Cardiac arrhythmias are varied and very common. They are usually classified as bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias, which are treated according to their own common principle separately. There is no long term effective oral drugs that can be used to treat bradyarrhythmias effectively up to now. Pacemaker is still the only effective treatment for it. Now catheter ablation has already applied to almost every kind of tachyarrhythmias, and which is the first choice for treating supraventricular tachycardia and atrial flutter because of the satisfactory result. Most patients with other types of tachyarrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation and all kinds of premature beats are still given drug therapy. Amiodarone, propafenone, sotalol and mexiletine are common used antiarrhythmic drugs in our country. This article overviewed the principle and the matters need to attention in the drug therapy of cardiac arrhythmias. Related Articles | Metrics

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The risk factors of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in very olderly hypertensive patients SHEN Zhangjun, ZHANG Zheng, DING Liping,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  935-938.  doi: 10.11958/20150282 Abstract ( 1068 )   PDF (321KB) ( 4356 )   Abstract: Objective To analyze the risk factors of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in very olderly hypertensive patients. Methods According to the electrocardiograph (ECG) and history data, two hundred and six older old- hypertensive patients were divided into PAF group (n=66) and sinus rhythm (SR) group (n=140). Data of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), the use of angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and statin drug history, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), echocardiography, pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood lipid profile and renal function were recorded in two groups. Logistic regression analyses of the relevant factors were compared between groups. Results Data of age, the diameter of the left atrium (LAD), the 1eft ventricular mass index (LVMI) and the PWV were significantly higher in PAF group than those of SR group [(88.92±3.42) years old vs. (86.36±4.67) years old, (39.00±6.66) mm vs. (33.54±7.77) mm, (132.49±14.83) g vs. (119.00±11.35) g, (13.45±4.85) m/s vs. (9.89±2.74) m/s, respectively]. Values of three acyl glycerin (TG), blood pressure smoothing index (SI) were lower in PAF group than those of SR group [(1.33±0.91) mmol/L vs. (1.95±1.29) mmol/L, 0.75±0.06 vs. 0.79±0.04, respectively]. Results of two classification Logistic regression analyses showed that the reduced SI, the enlarged LAD and LVMI and the increased PWV were the risk factors of PAF in very olderly hypertensive patients. Conclusion Unstable blood pressure, left atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy and arterial stiffness are the risk factors of PAF in very olderly hypertensive patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of ERK1/2 signaling pathway participate in inflammatory reaction caused by coronary heart disease WANG Jing,XU Meilin,CHANG Chang,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  938-942.  doi: 10.11958/20150269 Abstract ( 1378 )   PDF (1275KB) ( 3762 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects of ERK1/2 signaling pathway on coronary atherosclerosis-associated inflammatory reaction in autopsy cases. Methods Forty-five autopsy cases were divided into three groups: coronary artery disease (CHD)- associated death group, CHD group and control group (n=15 for each group). The inflammatory cell infiltration in myocardial tissues was observed through staining leucocyte common antigen (CD45) by HE and immunohistochemistry method. The protein expression level and distribution in extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (t- ERK1/2) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) of myocardial tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western-blot assay. The expression level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was determined using semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. The activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results Compared with CHD and control groups, myocardial inflammatory cell counts, phosphorylation of ERK1/2, TNF- α mRNA expression and NF- κB activation were significantly increased in CHD- associated death group (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was positively correlated with expression of TNF-α mRNA and the number of inflammatory cells in CHD-associated death group (r=0.675, P < 0.01; r=0.893, P < 0.01). Conclusion Results reveal that the activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway is considered as an important mechanism for coronary atherosclerosis caused myocardial inflammatory reaction, which indicates that the inhibition of ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway may become a potential new target for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic coronary infarction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of advanced glycation end products on the association of sleep disorders and incident cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes WANG Shanshan, MENG Lingling, LI Yuzhu, et al. 2016, 44 (8):  943-947.  doi: 10.11958/20150325 Abstract ( 840 )   PDF (340KB) ( 3723 )   Abstract: Objective To analyze the relevance of sleep disorders in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to explore the influence of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the pathogenetic process of sleep disorder in the morbidity of CVD. Methods A total of 586 T2D patients were recruited and their sleep qualities were evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Patients were divided into two groups according to PSQI score, one was sleep disorder group (PSQI score≥7， n=240) and the other was non-sleep disorder group (PSQI score<7， n=346). AGEs were measured by AGEs detector (DiagnOpyics) with fluorescence spectrum detecting method. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations of the sleep disorder, AGEs and CVD. We adjusted for major confounding factors expected to affect the morbidity of CVD. The CVD was input as dependent variables (Yes=1, NO=0) and sleep disorder, AGEs were respectively input as independent variables. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations of AGEs and PSQI score. Results The morbidity of CVD, AGEs and PSQI score were significantly higher in sleep disorder group compared to those of non-sleep disorder group (P < 0.05). PSQI score was positively related to the morbidity of CVD (rs=0.180,P＜0.05),PSQI score was positively related to AGEs (r=0.549, P＜0.001), AGEs score was positively related to the morbidity of CVD (rs=0.265, P＜0.001). Results of multiple linear regression showed that AGEs increases with the increase of PSQI score (β=0.504,P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed the higher PSQI score (OR=1.063, 95%CI: 1.019-1.109, P=0.005) and elevated AGEs (OR=2.144, 95%CI: 1.430-3.214, P＜0.001) were risk factors for CVD in T2D patients. Conclusion Sleep disorders are a risk factor for CVD in T2D patients, and which may be mediated by AGEs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of SYNTAX score in predicting prognosis of patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention LI Jie,ZHANG Mei 2016, 44 (8):  947-950.  doi: 10.11958/20150375 Abstract ( 1242 )   PDF (287KB) ( 3725 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate the long- term prognostic capacity of the SYNTAX score Ⅱ(SxScore Ⅱ) and SYNTAX score (SxScore) in patients undergoing left main percutaneous coronary intervention (LM-PCI). Methods A total of 209 patients undergoing unprotected LM-PCI in the Cardiology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of PAP of Logistic College were prospectively collected. Follow up was carried out by telephone or outpatient or rehospitalization. The clinical endpoint focused on MACCE after PCI including composite death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization and stroke. The secondary endpoint included cardiac death and stent thrombosis. The SxScore and SxScore Ⅱ were retrospectively calculated according to results of coronary angiography and clinical features of patients. Patients were stratified according to tertiles of low (≤22), intermediate (23-32), and high (≥33). The clinical data were compared between three groups. The predictive ability of two scoring systems to MACCE after PCI was compared by COX regression evaluation. Results In 209 patients, 12 patients were lost to follow-up (5.7%), and the median follow-up was 30.2 months, 56 cases (28.4%) were observed to suffer from MACCE. The incidence rates of MACCE were 19.0%, 28.6% and 44.4% in SxScore low, intermediate and high groups respectively. The incidence rates of MACCE were 12.8%, 23.8% and 45.5% in SxScoreⅡlow, intermediate and high groups respectively. Single factor analysis showed that SxScore, SxScore Ⅱ, age, diabetes and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were the independent predictors of MACCE. Multivariate analysis showed that SxScore and SxScoreⅡwere still risk independent predictors for MACCE. Conclusion Both SxScore and SxScore Ⅱare independent risk predictors for MACCE in patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease undergoing PCI treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparison of Sun’ s operation and ascending aorta replacement combined with open placement of triple-branched stent graft in treatment of type A aortic dissection CHENG Feng,CHEN Qingliang， JIANG Nan,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  951-954.  doi: 10.11958/20150247 Abstract ( 1132 )   PDF (778KB) ( 4050 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate results of surgical treatment for patients with acute type A aortic dissection using Sun’ s operation and triple-branched stent graft. Methods According to the operation mode, thirty-three patients with type A aortic dissection were divided into Sun’ s operation group (n=22) and triple branches aortic arch stent-graft placement op⁃ eration (triple- branched) group (n=11). Preoperative examinations included cardiac ultrasound, aortic CT angiography (CTA), hepatic and renal functions and blood routine test in all patients. Intraoperative monitoring included the index about cardiopulmonary bypass and blood loss. The perioperative hepatic and renal functions and complications were also recorded. Survival and recovery rates were evaluated by follow-up between two groups of patients. Results There were six periopera⁃ tive death in Sun’ s group, and three patients died in triple-branched group. In triple-branched group, the intraoperative blood loss was significantly increased than that in Sun’ s group [(3 586.4±2 926.8) mL vs. (2 630.5±1 821.2) mL, P＜0.05]. Postoperative echocardiographic examinations revealed that the left ventricular size (LVEDd) and the aortic diameter were decreased while the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was elevated after surgery in Sun’ s group [(50.9±6.9) mm vs. (55.0±7.5) mm， (28.2±1.6) mm vs. (48.8±11.0) mm, 0.620±0.031 vs. 0.469±0.104, P＜0.05]. Whereas, only the aortic diame⁃ ter was decreased after surgery in triple-branched group [(28.6±3.9) mm vs. (50.9±9.2) mm, P＜0.05]. Kaplan-Meier surviv⁃ al curve showed that five-year survival rate of Sun’ s group was similar with that of triple-branched group (Log-rank χ2 = 0.095， P＞0.05). At 5 year after operation, there were no significant differences in the recurrence of new aortic dissection, the incidence of cerebral infarction and mortality between Sun’ s group and triple-branched group (P＞0.05). Conclusion Sun’ s operation can significantly decrease patient’ s intraoperative blood loss and improve cardiac function. But its survival rate and long term results need advanced observation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of compound of paeonol and PNS on expressions of collagen Ⅰand Ⅲ protein and mRNA in rat model of acute myocardial infarction NIE Dan, SUN Hongdan, SHI Zhaoping, et al. 2016, 44 (8):  955-958.  doi: 10.11958/20150316 Abstract ( 1018 )   PDF (705KB) ( 3687 )   Abstract: Objective To study the effect of paeonol (PAE) and panax notoginseny saponins (PNS) on the expressions of collagenⅠand Ⅲ protein and mRNA in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to explore the molecular mecha⁃ nism of improving myocardial fibrosis. Methods The rat model of AMI was made using the left anterior descending coro⁃ nary branch ligation．According to the intervention rats were divided into model group, PAE (8 mg/kg) group, PNS (40 mg/ kg) group, PAE (4 mg/kg)+PNS (20 mg/kg) group, PAE (8 mg/kg)+ PNS (40 mg/kg) group and captopril positive control group (10 mg/kg). Sham operation group, only wear line without ligation. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was detected after treatment for 28 d. Masson staining was used to observe changes of myocardial fibrosis. Western blot assay and RT-PCR technique were used to detect protein and mRNA expression levels of collagenⅠand Ⅲ. Results The values of LVMI were increased in model group compared with those of sham operation group and treatment groups. Compared with PAE group and PNS group, values of LVMI were significantly decreased in PAE (4 mg/kg)+PNS (20 mg/kg) group and PAE (8 mg/kg)+ PNS (40 mg/kg) group. There was a more significant decrease in formula high dose group (P < 0.01). The model group showed pathological change. There were different degrees of improvement in pathological structure in all treatment groups, more sig⁃ nificant improvement was found in formula low dose group, formula high dose group and captopril positive control group. There were different degrees of increase in expressions of collagenⅠand Ⅲ protein and mRNA in model group compared with those of sham operation group and treatment groups. Compared with PAE group and PNS group, the protein and mRNA expression levels of collagenⅠand Ⅲ were significantly decreased in formula low dose group and formula high dose group, more significant decreased was found in formula high dose group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Compound of paeonol and PNS can improve myocardial fibrosis in myocardial infarction rats, which may be related with reduced expressions of collagenⅠ and Ⅲprotein and mRNA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the correlation between the change of ABI and new adverse cardiovascular events ZHOU Wanshu, PENG Nianchun, SHI Lixin,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  959-962.  doi: 10.11958/20160120 Abstract ( 803 )   PDF (328KB) ( 3695 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between changes of ankle brachial index (ABI) and adverse cardiovascular events. Methods Baseline survey was conducted in 4 160 forty-year-old or older citizens living in Yunyan District of Guiyang City from May to August of 2011, which was in the way of cluster sampling to obtain their ABI and to collect information related to physical and blood biochemical examination and disease history. These citizens were conducted a follow-up survey for (39.29±1.47) months from July to December of 2014. Based on the change of ABI (ΔABI) from initial survey to follow-up survey, participants were subsequently divided into three groups: ΔABI＞0.15 group, -0.15 ≤ ΔABI ≤ 0.15 group and ΔABI＜-0.15 group. The adverse cardiovascular events during follow-up survey were compared between three groups. The risk factors affecting the adverse cardiovascular events were analyzed. Results Follow-up surveys were completed in 3 220 citizens in 3 years. The follow- up rate was 77.4% . Eighty- two new cases (2.5% ) of adverse cardiovascular events were found in 3 220 cases in follow-up. The incidence rates of adverse cardiovascular events were higher in ΔABI＜-0.15 group compared with those of -0.15 ≤ ΔABI ≤ 0.15 group (8.3% vs. 2.4%, P＜0.016 7). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, hypertension history, and ΔABI＜-0.15 were risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events. Exercise was the protective factor for adverse cardiovascular events. Conclusion Subjects with ΔABI＜-0.15 are at high risk for adverse cardiovascular events. The ΔABI can be used as a means of monitoring of adverse cardiovascular event, which provides certain forecast value for determining the possibility of adverse cardiovascular event. Related Articles | Metrics

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A prospective study of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and the incidence of cardio-cerebral events in people aged over 40 ZHAO Shengxian, PENG Nianchun, SHI Lixin, et al. 2016, 44 (8):  963-966.  doi: 10.11958/20160079 Abstract ( 1197 )   PDF (329KB) ( 3819 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and the incidence of cardio-cerebral events in people aged over 40. Methods Cluster sampling method was used to prospectively study 4 380 residents aged over 40 in Guiyang City District from May to August in 2011. Data of ba-PWV were collected. The follow-up examination was conducted from July to November of 2014. According to ba-PWV values, participants were divided into three groups: <14 m/s (control, n=1 039) group, 14-17.9 m/s group (n=1 393) and ≥18 m/s group (n=809). Multi-factor Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between ba-PWV values and risk factors of cardio-cerebral events. Results After three-year follow-up, a total of 3 241 participants were included in the final analysis. The cardio-cerebral events were identified in 63 (2.0%) cases, which were 0.6%, 2.2% and 3.2% in control group, 14-17.9 m/s group and ≥18 m/s group. The value of ba-PWV increased significantly in those two groups compared with that of normal group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence rates of cardiovascular and cerebralvascular events in 14-17.9 m/s group and ≥18 m/s group were 2.777 (1.123-6.864) and 2.786 (1.032-7.526) times of control group after adjusting age, gender, systolic blood pressure, risk factors of diabetes, hypertension and blood lipids. Conclusion There is higher incidence rate of cardio-cerebral events in people aged over 40 in higher ba-PWV group. The value of Ba-PWV can be used to predict the occurrence of cardio-cerebral events. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on antiplatelet aggregation treatment options in high sensitive C-reactive protein less than 2 mg/L in patients with angina pectoris YU Wei, ZHOU Fengyun, LIU Qing, et al. 2016, 44 (8):  967-969.  doi: 10.11958/20160035 Abstract ( 1117 )   PDF (278KB) ( 3846 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate the feasibility of application of single and dual antiplatelet aggregation therapy in high sensitive C- reactive protein (hs- CRP) level in patients with angina pectoris. Methods Ninety- six hospitalized patients with angina 6~48 h (hs-CRP < 2 mg/L) were selected and randomly divided into single aspirin group (aspirin 100 mg/d, n=48) and aspirin plus clopidogrel combination therapy group (aspirin 100 mg/d and clopidogrel 75 mg/d, n=48). The efficacy was evaluated after 30-day treatment. Data of composite end points were analyzed by follow-up in patients within 6 months. Results The total effective rates were 85.42% for combination therapy group and 81.25% for single aspirin group. There was no significant difference in total effective rate between two groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in events of composite end points in patients after treatment between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion For angina pectoris patients with hs-CRP < 2 mg/L, the risk of cardiovascular events is relatively little. There is no obvious difference in curative effect between single and dual antiplatelet aggreration therapies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of the role of T lymphocytes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome-related atherosclerosis GUO Hengjuan, LI Lian, CHEN Baoyuan, et al. 2016, 44 (8):  970-973.  doi: 10.11958/20160372 Abstract ( 847 )   PDF (306KB) ( 3709 )   Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Accumulated evidence has revealed that OSAS can induce systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, which will contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. T lymphocytes can be activated by inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in the elevated cytotoxicity towards vascular endothelial cells. Thus, T lymphocytes play a key role in OSAS- related atherosclerosis development or progression via immuno-inflammatory alterations. This review described the current development of the role of T lymphocytes in OSAS-related atherosclerosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in application of ultrasound guided three-dimensional printing on the assessment of structural heart disease ZHU Yanbo,GENG Jie, GUAN Xin,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  974-977.  doi: 10.11958/20160231 Abstract ( 844 )   PDF (310KB) ( 3817 )   Abstract: Structural heart disease includes congenital cardiovascular structural abnormalities, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathy, which shows the common features of cardiac anatomical structure and hemodynamic abnormalities, especially anatomical abnormalities. Echocardiography, especially three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, is good at displaying anatomical structure and blood flow abnormalities. As a non- invasive method of examination, it has advantage in the evaluation of such heart diseases. In recent years, the gradual rise of 3D printing technology can make physical printing, and the printed heart model can stereoscopically display abnormal state of heart diseases. Ultrasound combined with 3D printing technology may provide more intuitive and accurate information for the assessment of structural heart disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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The role and mechanism of resveratrol on trabecular meshwork cells induced by H2O2 and TGF-β2 QI Yan,ZHAO Xiujuan,XU Linqi,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  978-983.  doi: 10.11958/20160149 Abstract ( 960 )   PDF (1203KB) ( 4294 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) induced fibronectin (FN), collagen 1 (COL1), nuclear factor (NF) -κB P65 proteins and interlukin (IL) -1β gene expression in human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs), and the interventional mechanism of resveratrol (RSV). Methods (1) HTMCs with 70 to 80% confluency were divided into 5 groups. The experimental groups were treated with serum-free medium and with H2O2 at concentrations of 150, 300, 450 and 800 μmol/L. The control group was treated with 0 μmol/L H2O2. The protein levels of FN, COL1, NF- κB P65 and NF- κB P65 phosphorylation (P- NF- κB P65) were measured by Western blot assay. The expression of IL-1β gene was measured by qPCR. (2) HTMCs were divided into 3 groups. The control group was treated with serum-free medium and without H2O2 and RSV. The H2O2 group was treated with 300 μmol/L H2O2. The H2O2 +RSV group was treated with 300 μmol/L H2O2 and 25 μmol/L resveratrol (RSV). The expressions of proteins and genes mentioned above were detected in three groups. NF-κB P65 nuclear translocation was assessed by immunofluorescence technique. (3) HTMCs were divided into 3 groups. The control group was treated with serum-free medium and without TGF-β2 and RSV. The TGF- β2 group was treated with 5 μg/L TGF-β2. The TGF-β2 +RSV group was treated with 5 μg/L TGF-β2 and 25 μmol/L RSV. The expressions of proteins and genes mentioned above were detected in three groups. Results (1) Compared with control group, the protein levels of FN and P-NF-κB P65 were significantly increased in 150, 300, 450 and 800 μmol/L groups， the expression levels of COL1 protein and IL-1β gene were significantly increased in 300, 450 and 800 μmol/L groups (P < 0.05). There were no statistical significances between other indicators. (2) The expression levels of FN, COL1, P-NF-κB P65 proteins and IL-1β gene were significantly higher in H2O2 group than those in control group, and which were significantly lower in H2O2 +RSV group than those in H2O2 group. Compared with control group, only the expression of IL-1β gene was decreased in H2O2 +RSV group (P < 0.05). NF- κB P65 was only expressed in cytoplasm in control group, while it was expressed in both cytoplasm and nucleus in H2O2 group. Compared with H2O2 group, NF-κB P65 was mainly expressed in cytoplasm. (3) Compared with control group, the expressions of FN, COL1, P-NF-κB P65 proteins and IL-1β gene were significantly increased in TGF-β2 group (P < 0.05). Compared with TGF-β2 group, the indicators mentioned above were significantly decreased in TGF-β2+RSV group (P < 0.05). Conclusion H2O2 and TGF-β2 can upregulate the expression of FN, COL1, P-NF-κB P65 proteins and IL-1β gene in HTMCs, which may be involved in the development and progression of glaucoma. RSV can inhibit the influence of H O and TGF-β in HTMCs and exert a protective effect on glaucoma. Related Articles | Metrics

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miR-200b suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting DNMT3A LUO Weimin, LUO Xiangyu, GUO Jialong, et al. 2016, 44 (8):  984-987.  doi: 10.11958/20150421 Abstract ( 831 )   PDF (834KB) ( 4022 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate whether miR-200b suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting DNMT3A. Methods A qRT-PCR was employed for detecting the expression of miR-200b in different non-small cell lung cancer cells and human bronchial epithelial cells. A549 cells were transfected with miR-200b mimics, scramble, DNMT3A-siRNA and control-siRNA, respectively. The scramble and control-siRNA were served the negative control of miR-200b mimics and DNMT3A-siRNA, respectively. Western blot assay was conducted to detect the expression of DNMT3A protein in A549 cells. MTT and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining were employed to detect the proliferation ability and apoptosis rate of A549 cells. The effects of miR-200b mimics and DNMT3A-siRNA on the proliferation and apoptosis rate of A549 cells were compared between groups. Results Results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of miR-200b was significantly down-regulated in A549, H1299, L78 and H460 cells than that of 16HBE cells. Among them, the most obviously reduction was found in A549 cells (P < 0.05). Western blot assay showed that the level of DNMT3A protein was inhibited by restored miR-200b or knock-down DNMT3A in A549 cells. After transfection of miR-200bmimics or knock-downDNMT3Afor 48 h, 72 h and 96 h,MTT showed that theODvalues, which reflected the optical density of cell proliferationwere significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Annexin V/propidiumiodide staining showed that apoptosis rates of A549 cells after transfection of miR-200bmimics or knock-downDNMT3Awere (23.33%±0.90%and 20.41%±0.70%), comparedwith the control group (5.28%± 0.55%and 5.68%±0.47%, P < 0.01). Conclusion miR-200b suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting DNMT3Ain non-small cell lung cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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The establishment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy model in spontaneous diabetic GK rats FU Xiaoxu,Feng Lulin,ZHANG Xiyu,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  989-992.  doi: 10.11958/20150225 Abstract ( 908 )   PDF (1171KB) ( 4131 )   Abstract： Objective To establish a simple diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) rat model with the high fat-fed in GK rats. Methods A total of 30 GK rats (7-8 weeks) were fed with high-fat diet to establish the DPN model. Thirty normal Wistar rats were fed with ordinary diet (control group). The blood-sugar value, body mass, water-intake and food-intake were monitored every week in two groups. The serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin, the right sciatic nerve conduction velocity were detected at 8, 12 and 16 weeks respectively. The left sciatic nerve was used for HE and TUNEL staining. Results The manifestations of polydipsia, polyphagia and growth retardation were gradually appeared in GK rats. After 12 and 16 weeks, the blood-sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin were significantly increased in GK rats compared with those of normal Wistar rats (P < 0.01). The sensory nerve conduction velocity decreased obviously (P < 0.01). And motor nerve conduction velocity showed a certain decline trend (12 week P < 0.05， 16 week P > 0.05). The sciatic nerve pathological features and Schwann cell apoptosis suggested that the model of DPN was successfully established (apoptosis index, P < 0.01). Conclusion GK rats fed by high-fat diet are the satisfactory models of the DPN in experimental research. And 12- week is a suitable and economical time for molding. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on cultivation and methodology of four-drug combination-induced differentiation in mouse preadipocytes 3T3-L1 cells SUN Huizhi,TIAN Derun,MENG Jie,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  993-995.  doi: 10.11958/20160214 Abstract ( 1189 )   PDF (910KB) ( 4189 )   Abstract： Objective To optimize and establish the methodology for culturing and inducing differentiation of mouse preadipocytes 3T3-L1. Methods The mouse cells 3T3-L1 were incubated in DMEM medium contained with 10% FBS, during which the incubation medium was refreshed every 2 to 3 days. Two methods were used to introduce differentiation, including three- drug combination group and four- drug combination group. The protocol of medium Ⅰin three- drug combination group including insulin 10 mg/L, IBMX 0.5 mmol/L and DEX 1.0 μmol/L. The protocol of mediumⅠin four- drug combination group including indometacin 0.1 mmol/L based on those of three-drug combination group. Both of them were incubated for 2 days and continuous for 2 times. And medium Ⅱ included insulin 10 mg/L for 2-day culturing and continuous for 2 times. Oil red O staining was used to observe the morphological changes of two groups of cells before and after treatment under inverted microscope. Results Mouse preadipocytes 3T3-L1 appeared in good conditions and grew in a paving stone fashion. These cells covered homogeneously the bottom of incubators, the culture medium refreshed every 2 days. The results of four-drug combination group were better than those of three-drug combination group. After three-drug combination induced differentiation, there was no significant change in cell morphology. Comparing with three- drug combination induced differentiation, four- drug combination was successfully achieved in over 90% of the cell inducing, which were round-shaped, with jacinth ester droplets by oil-red O staining. Conclusion We have optimized the method for culturing and inducing differentiation of mouse preadipocytes 3T3-L1 by adding indometacin on the basis of the three-drug combination induced differentiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of MDSC, Treg and traditional T cells in lung tumor mice ZHENG Aihua,ZHENG Quanhui,ZHANG Aihong 2016, 44 (8):  996-1000.  doi: 10.11958/20150345 Abstract ( 1434 )   PDF (1883KB) ( 4815 )   Abstract: Objective To explore changes of the myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC), regulatory T cell (Treg), traditional T cell, and their mechanisms in lung tumor mice. Methods Twenty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the experimental and the normal control groups. The experimental group was injected with Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC, 100 μL 1×106 ) subcutaneously to prepare the lung tumor model mice, the normal control group was given the same amount of saline (NC). Spleen cells were obtained from LLC and NC groups. Flow cytometry was used to detect the ratio and number changes of MDSC, Treg, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the lung tumor of mice. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell apoptosis were detected by Annexin-Ⅴstaining, and their proliferation were detected by 5-bromine deoxidization uracil nucleoside (BrdU) incorporation. Results Compared with normal control mice, the ratio and number of MDSC in spleen increased significantly in LLC group (P < 0.01), in addition, the ratio of CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg in CD4+ T cells and their number in spleen increased significantly in LLC group. However, the ratio and number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleen decreased significantly in LLC group (P < 0.05). The proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreased significantly in LLC group compared with that of NC group (P < 0.05), while the apoptosis of CD8+ T cells increased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion MDSC and Treg cells increase in lung tumor model mice, which inhibit proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and promote apoptosis of CD8+ T cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of serum came from hepatectomized patient on proliferation of cultured hepatocytes XING Qianzhe,GAO Yingtang,LUO Ying,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  1001-1004.  doi: 10.11958/20160363 Abstract ( 881 )   PDF (1061KB) ( 3844 )   Abstract: Objective To observe the influence of peripheral serum came from patients with hepatectomy at different time points on hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. Methods According to the different types of cultured serum, cultured HL- 7702 cells were divided into fetal bovine serum (FBS) group, preoperative serum group, 0.5 h, 3 h, 24 h and 72 h post operative serum groups. All groups of cells were cultured for 72 hours in the Cell-IQ unmarked living cell image analysis system, and the amplification curves of each group were mapped by continuous counting of cells. The cell amplification multiple was compared between all groups after culturing for 72 hours. BrdU immunofluorescence staining was performed and BrdU positive rate was calculated for comparing the cell proliferation of all groups. Results Amplification curves showed that HL-7702 cell proliferation rates of all human serum groups except for 72 h post operative group were higher than those of FBS group. Human serum 0.5 h and 3 h postoperative groups were more obvious. The amplification multiples of human serum groups, except for 72 h post operative group were all significantly higher than those of FBS group (P < 0.01), and 0.5 h and 3 h post operative groups were both significantly higher than those of preoperative group (P < 0.05). BrdU positive rates of all human serum groups were significantly higher than those of FBS group (P < 0.01), which were significantly higher in 0.5 h and 3 h post operative groups than those of preoperative group (P < 0.05), but there were no statistical differences between 24 h and 72 h post operative groups and the preoperative group. Conclusion Human serum can promote the proliferation of hepatocytes compared with that of FBS. The influence of serum acquired post hepatectomy is closely associated with the post operative time. Related Articles | Metrics

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The study on expressions of osteopontin， caspase-3 and mt-P53 in glioma GUO Keying, ZENG Suting, FAN Wei, et al. 2016, 44 (8):  1005-1009.  doi: 10.11958/20150213 Abstract ( 791 )   PDF (760KB) ( 3914 )   Abstract: Objective To study the expressions of osteopontin (OPN)， caspase-3 and mt-P53 proteins, and their relationship in gliomas. Methods Seventy gliomas specimens of patients (glioma group) were selected, and 10 samples of non-glioma brain tissue were used as control group. The SP method was used to detect the positive rates of protein expressions of OPN, caspase- 3 and mt-P53 between two groups. The relationship between protein expressions of OPN, caspase-3 and mt-P53 in gliomas and grade of gliomas were detected by Western blot assay. Spearman rank correlation was compared between the positive expression of OPN, caspase-3 and rate mt-P53. Results The positive expression rates of OPN and mt-P53 were significantly higher in glioma group (64.29% and 60%) than those of control group (no positive expression), but the positive expression rate of caspase- 3 was significantly lower than that of control group (47.14% vs. 90%, P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in OPN, caspase-3 and mt-P53 expressions between different gender, age, tumor size and tumor position (P > 0.05). The higher the WHO classification, the higher the positive expression rates of OPN and mt-P53 (P < 0.001), and the lower the positive expression rate of caspase-3 (P < 0.001). With the increased level of glioma grade, OPN and mt-P53 protein levels were increased, but caspase- 3 protein expression level was decreased. There was a negatively correlation between OPN and the positive expression of caspase- 3, but there was a positive correlation between OPN and the expression of mt-P53 (rs = -0.720 and 0.722, P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between caspase-3 and mt-P53 expressions (rs = -0.556, P < 0.05). Conclusion The higher the WHO classification, the higher the positive expression rates of OPN and mt-P53, while the lower the positive expression rate of caspase- 3. The study reveals that OPN, caspase-3 and mt-P53 expressions are associated with the occurrence and the progress of gliomas. The combined detection of them can contribute to the judgment of biological behavior of gliomas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on depression and anxiety at different stages in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease LI Yi, LI Yuechuan 2016, 44 (8):  1010-1014.  doi: 10.11958/20150401 Abstract ( 908 )   PDF (348KB) ( 3596 )   Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on depression and anxiety at different stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Methods Ninety-seven COPD patients hospitalized in Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Chest Hospital, were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=39) and acute exacerbation COPD (AECOPD) group (n=58). Patients in both groups were assessed for baseline date when symptoms were improved from acute phase (T1). Then patients in control group were received pharmaco- therapy and rehabilitation publicity without PR. When symptoms was relieved and stable (T2), patients were given 12-week PR (T3). The Beck depression inventory (BDI) scores and State- Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores were observed in both groups respectively. Results There were no statistics differences in baseline data in both groups (P＞0.05). In control group, the BDI score was significantly lower at T3 than that of T1 and T2 (F=5.309, P＜0.05). But there was no significant difference in BDI between T1 and T2 (P＞0.05). Similarly in AECOPD group, the BDI score was significantly lower at T2 than that of T1 (t=3.612, P＜0.05). At T1, there was no significant difference in BDI score between both groups (P＞0.05). At T2 the BDI score was significantly lower in AECOPD group than that of control group, and also which was lower than that of T3 of control group (P＜0.05). In control group, the STAI score was significantly lower at T3 than that of T1 and T2 (F=9.852, P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in STAI between T1 and T2 (P＞0.05). The STAI score was significantly lower in T2 than that of T1 in AECOPD group (t=5.091, P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in STAI score at T1 between two groups (P＞0.05). There was significantly lower STAI score at T2 in AECOPD group than that of control group (P＜0.05), while there was no significant difference in STAI score at T3 between two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Pulmonary rehabilitation at early stage may reduce the degree of depression and anxiety in AECOPD patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of aerobic exercise on 6-minute walk distance and serum level of omentin-1 in hemodialysis patients LI Ping,WANG Donghong 2016, 44 (8):  1014-1017.  doi: 10.11958/20150248 Abstract ( 1131 )   PDF (331KB) ( 3659 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of aerobic exercise on 6-minute walk distance and serum level of omentin- 1 in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 89 MHD patients (MHD group) in the 5th Central Hospital of Tianjin were included in the study from December 2013 to November 2014. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: routine treatment group (n=43) and aerobic exercise treatment group (aerobic exercise group, n=46). Fifty healthy subjects were selected as normal control group. Both groups received the same hemodialysis and regular treatments, and the aerobic exercise group received 6-month interdialytic aerobic exercise, and the routine group did not take any exercise intervention. The 6-minute walk distances (6MWDs)， body mass， height and blood pressure were recorded, and serum levels of omentin-1, C-reactive protein (CRP), blood routine test and biochemistry test were determined in two groups. The relationship between 6 MWDs, age, CRP, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and omentin-1 were analyzed. Results The serum levels of omentin-1 and CRP were significantly higher, LVEF was significantly lower, inMHD group than those of healthy control group (P < 0.01). After 6 months of aerobic exercise, 6MWDs, LVEF, hemoglobin and serumlevel of omentin-1 were significantly increased than those before treatment in aerobic exercise group. The 6MWDs, LVEF and hemoglobin were significantly increased after treatment than routine group. The levels of CRP, fasting glucose and blood pressure were significant decreased after treatment. The levels of CRP, fasting glucose and systolic blood pressure were decreased in treatment group than those of routine group. Before treatment, 6MWDs was negatively related with age and CRP, and positively related with LVEF and serum level of omentin- 1 in MHD patients (r=- 0.418, - 0.229, 0.252 and 0.234, P < 0.05). Conclusion Aerobic exercise can significantly increase values of 6MWDs, LVEF, hemoglobin and serum level of omentin-1, and reduce values of CRP, fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure in MHD patients. Aerobic exercise can improve physical performance， heart function and micro inflammatory state, thereby reduce cardiovascular events and mortality risk in MHD patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the Expression of IL-17A and IL-17RA in Different Degree of Malignant Glioma WANG Lei,LIU Yanbo,WANG Zhenjiang,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  1018-1021.  doi: 10.11958/20150260 Abstract ( 1058 )   PDF (1444KB) ( 3669 )   Abstract: Objective To explore the expressions of interleukin (IL)- 17A and its receptor IL- 17RA in different degrees of malignant gliomas. Methods Fifty patients with glioma were collected in this study. Accordance to the World Health Organization Classification System, patients were classified by malignancy grade, including grade Ⅰ (n=12), grade Ⅱ (n=18), grade Ⅲ (n=13) and grade Ⅳ (n=7). The glioma tissue and peripheral blood samples of patients were obtained for detecting the expression levels of IL- 17A and IL- 17RA mRNA by using immunohistochemistry, quantitative real- time PCR. Western blot assay was used to detect expressions of IL- 17A and IL- 17RA in both the macroscopic (immunohistochemistry) and molecular levels (mRNA and protein). Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression levels of IL-17A and its receptor IL-17RA increased with the increase of the malignant degree of gliomas. The mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-17RA receptors in peripheral blood were up-regulated with the increasing malignancy grade of glioma (F=8.96, P＜0.05; F=10.34, P＜0.05). The mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-17RA in glioma tissues were up-regulated with the increasing malignancy grade of glioma (F=11.21, P＜0.05; F=14.11, P＜0.05). The protein levels of IL-17A and IL-17RA in peripheral blood and glioma tissues were also up-regulated with the increasing malignancy grade of glioma (in peripheral blood: F=9.90, P＜0.05; F=11.80, P＜0.05; and in gliomas tissues: F=8.15, P＜0.05; F=14.46, P＜ 0.05). Conclusion The expressions of IL-17A and IL-17RA receptor are positively correlated with malignancy grade of glioma. These results provide some reference for clinical diagnosis of malignant gliomas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of MRI-staging and assessment of lymphatic metastasis in cervical cancer ZHANG Zhan, XU Xiangfeng, WEI Gang 2016, 44 (8):  1022-1025.  doi: 10.11958/20150338 Abstract ( 1297 )   PDF (565KB) ( 4857 )   Abstract：Objective To contrast the accuracy rate of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-staging and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO, 2009) clinical- staging, and evaluate the value of MRI in diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer. Methods The surgical pathology was used as golden standard, the accuracy rates of MRI- staging and FIGO- staging were compared in 86 patients of cervical cancer (surgical pathological staging ≥Ⅰb). The lymph nodes with slightly hyperintense signal in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and with minor axis≥1 cm in T2WI-TRA (T2 weighted imaging-transverse section) were considered as metastatic lymph nodes, the characteristics of lymphatic metastasis diagnosed by MRI were analyzed, and the accuracy rate, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of MRI were evaluated. Results The accuracy rate of FIGO-staging was 80.2%(69/86), and the accuracy rate of MRI-staging was 83.7%(72/86), there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). The accuracy rate of lymphatic metastasis diagnosed by MRI was 94.2%(81/86), the sensitivity was 73.3%(11/15), the specificity was 98.6%(70/71), the positive predictive value was 91.7%(11/12), and the negative predictive value was 94.6%(70/74). The true positive metastatic lymph nodes in 11 cases were located in the external iliac nodes or common iliac lymph nodes, the average short/long diameter was 0.76. The forms of lymph nodes were as follows: quasi-circular (n=3), border irregularity (n=3), huge fusion form (n=4), and 1 with central necrosis area. One case of false positive metastatic lymph node was located in the right external iliac node, with the sharp of huge fusion form in T2WI/TRA, comminution in T2WI-axial thin slices, and long strip in T2WI/SAG. Conclusion The accuracy rates of MRI- staging and FIGO-staging were both higher, which can diagnose lymphatic metastasis relatively accurately when they are combined together. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical experience of repairing large maxillofacial defects with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap ZHANG Xuewei,GUO Meili,WANG Zhixing,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  1026-1028.  doi: 10.11958/20150430 Abstract ( 1111 )   PDF (1192KB) ( 3983 )   Abstract: Objective To summarize the clinical outcomes of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for repairing large defects in oral and maxillofacial area after resection of malignant tumor. Methods The clinical data of 27 patients underwent resection of malignant tumor in oral and maxillofacial area and reconstructed with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap were collected in our hospital from August 1998 to January 2015. The pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps were harvested with sizes ranging from 6 cm×4 cm to 11 cm×9 cm. The major myocutaneous flaps were used to reconstruct the defects of oral mucosa in 26 cases, and flap was used to reconstruct the defect of facial skin in 1 case. Seventeen major myocutaneous flaps reached the neck via the subclavicular tunnel, the other 10 were transferred over the clavicle. Results After surgery, 20 flaps (74.1%) were survived completely, 6 were partial necrosis (22.2%) and one was total necrosis (3.7%). Thirteen cases showed postoperative complications (48.1%), in which 10 cases were wound infection (37.0%), including 8 patients with infection at the recipient site and 2 patients with infection at the donor site. The wound infection was found in all of 7 patients with flap necrosis. The other complications included wound dehiscence in 1 patient (3.7%), neck hematoma in 1 patient (3.7%), and lung infection in 1 patient (3.7%). Conclusion In order to avoid the flap necrosis and reduce wound infection at the recipient site, the major myocutaneous flap should be designed based on the characteristics of blood supply, and the vascular pedicle should be protected carefully in the operation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of different administration regimens for treatment of bacterial vaginosis on vaginal microflora and the expression of immune factors WANG Fang,HUO Yan,LIU Yanyan,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  1029-1032.  doi: 10.11958/20160162 Abstract ( 1098 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 4191 )   Abstract: Objective Tracking of the vaginal microflora recovery and the expression of immune factors from untreated and treated patients with bacterial vaginosis (BV) by using different administration regimens and studying the relationship of treatment results and regimen selections. Methods 25 healthy females were selected as a control group and 100 BV patients were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=25/group). Group A: Intravaginal administration of metronidazole (× 7 d), Group B: Continuous intravaginal administration of metronidazole (×7 d) and then live Lactobacillus Capsule (×7 d) , Group C: Intravaginal administration of nifuratel (× 7 d), Group D: Continuous intravaginal administration of nifuratel (× 7 d) and then live Lactobacillus Capsule (×7 d). The microecological assessment system and EILSA were used to compare the clinical efficacy, vaginal microflora recovery and the changes in IL-8, TLR2 and TNF-α of the vaginal lavage fluid in healthy women or patients with bacterial vaginosis before and after treatments by four treatment strategies. Results ① The vaginal microflora imbalance, flora disturbance, pH value increased were presented in BV group compared with the control group.② Compared to the median of IL- 8, TLR2 and TNF- α in vaginal lavage fluids of control group, there was no significant difference in IL-8 level but both TLR2 and TNF-α were significantly increased (P＜0.05) in BV group. The immune factors had no significantly difference in all BV groups.③The therapeutic effect in each BV groups was compared after stopping treatment for 7 days. The cure rate and the vaginal microflora recovery rate were significant higher in group B and D than group A and C (P＜0.05). ④ After treatment there was no significant change in IL- 8 level but there was an obviously decrease in TLR2 and TNF-α (P＜0.05). The decreased levels are more significant in groups B and D than groups A and C (P＜0.05). Conclusion By combining with the microecological assessment system to evaluate the therapeutic effect of BV, our research suggests that the sequence schemes of nifuratel plus live Lactobacillus Capsule is more effective in therapy effect, restoring normal vaginal micro-ecological environment and vaginal local immunity than metronidazole used alone. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence factor analysis of retinopathy of prematurity SUN Yan, KUAI Yebin 2016, 44 (8):  1033-1035.  doi: 10.11958/20150367 Abstract ( 716 )   PDF (276KB) ( 3803 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and analyse the associated risk factors of the severe ROP. Methods A total of 703 preterm infants, who met the ROP screening criteria in Department of Neonatology Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Changzhou and with integrated data from July 2011 to July 2014, were analysed in this study. ROP screening was done by ophthalmologist with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope at 4 weeks after birth or chronological age of 32 weeks. According to the screening results they were decided to be treated or not. Data were collected and compared for the severity of ROP in children with different gestational ages and birth weights. Results The detection rate of mild ROP was 5.26 % and severe ROP was 0.85%. Birth gestational age < 28 weeks and birth weight 500- 1 000 g of the children, the risk of severe ROP was significantly increased. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Gestational age and birth weight are risk factors for severe ROP. Early detection and treatment can prevent the blindness of ROP. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of dexmedetomidine on the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane during recovery from breast cancer surgery under general anaesthesia WANG Fangjun, HU Jianhua, LI Hongqiong, et al. 2016, 44 (8):  1036-1039.  doi: 10.11958/20150313 Abstract ( 1132 )   PDF (332KB) ( 4041 )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the end- tidal concentration of sevoflurane during recovery from breast cancer surgery under general anaesthesia. Methods A total of 120 patients undergoing unilateral breast cancer radical operation were randomly divided into four groups: group C (infusion of saline, n=30), group D0.5 [infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/(kg·h) during operation, n=30], group D0.6 [dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/(kg·h), n=30] and group D0.7 [dexmedetomidine 0.7 μg/(kg · h), n=30]. The end- tidal concentrations of sevoflurane during surgery and postoperation were observed. The end- tidal concentration of sevoflurane on palinesthesia was recorded. The time from stopping administration of anesthetic drug to palinesthesia and the operation time were recorded. The palinesthesia of patients from general anaesthesia and the degree of emergence agitation of the patient were measured using Riker’ s sedation- agitation scale. The operation time, anesthesia time, intraoperative remifentanil dosage, intraoperative auditory evoked potential index (AAI), sevoflurane inhalation concentration and the corresponding time were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in clinical data, remifentanil dosage, operation time and AAI between four groups. The anesthesia time was longer in group D0.7 than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). Compared to group C, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane during surgery, postoperation and palinesthesia were lower and the time of palinesthesia was delayed in groups D0.5, D0.6 and D0.7 (P < 0.05). And the time of palinesthesia was delayed in group D0.7 than that of group D0.5 and group D0.6. Compared with group C, the ratio of Riker’ s sedation-agitation scale >7 was lower in groups D0.5,D0.6 and D0.7 (P < 0.05). The ratio of Riker’ s sedation-agitation scale >4 was significantly higher in group D0.6 and group D0.7 than that in group C and group D0.5, but the ratio of score>6 was lower (P < 0.05). The ratio of score>3 was higher in group D0.7 than that of other three groups (P < 0.05). Intraoperative cardiac tachycardia was found in group D and group D (4 cases, 13% and 8 cases, 7%). Conclusion Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia and intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/(kg·h) can effectively reduce intraoperative sevoflurane dosage, the end- tidal concentration of sevoflurane during recovery, and the occurrence of agitation in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of vancomycin and linezolid dosage regimen for treatment of Gram-positive cocci infections LIU Chang,LIAO Shasha,ZHU Liqin,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  1040-1042.  doi: 10.11958/20150428 Abstract ( 1176 )   PDF (314KB) ( 3743 )   Abstract: Objective To estimate and optimize the dosage regimen of vancomycin and linezolid for treatment in different Gram-positive cocci infections. Methods The pharmacokinetic data of vancomycin and linezolid were collected, and the pharmacodynamics in vitro of these drugs for staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium were analysed. The cumulative response fraction (CFR) was evaluated in different dosage regimens of two drugs against four types of bacteria. Results The regimen of 3 500 mg/d vancomycin was recommended for patients with staphylococcus epidermidis infection. The regimen of 2 500 mg/d vancomycin was recommended for patients with staphylococcus aureus infection. The regimens of 3 000 mg/d vancomycin and 400 mg linezolid given 2 times/day were recommended for patients with enterococcus faecalis infection. The regimens of 2 500 mg/d vancomycin and 400 mg linezolid given 2 times/day were recommended for patients with enterococcus faecium infection. Conclusion In application of vancomycin and linezolid for treatment of Gram-positive cocci infections, different dosage regimens should be used in different types of infections. Related Articles | Metrics

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The design and clinical application of MED-LIF with mobile microendoscopic discectomy technique XU Baoshan, MA Xinlong, LIU Yue, et al. 2016, 44 (8):  1043-1047.  doi: 10.11958/20160527 Abstract ( 1237 )   PDF (1068KB) ( 3716 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of microendoscopic discectomy- lumbar interbody fusion (MED-LIF) with mobile microendoscopic discectomy (MMED) technique. Methods The MMED includes outer working canal and inner operating canal, and large working canals (12 mm and 14 mm) are fabricated for this operation. The operation was designed as follow: an incision was made between pedicle projection sites and spinous process on the side with prominent symptom. Working canal was inserted along spinous process and a fenestration was performed. After discectomy and ipsilateral decompression, contralateral nerve was decompressed in case of contralateral stenosis. Then the intervertebral space was prepared and grafted. The inner operating canal was removed and the suitable cage was inserted, followed by percutaneous pedicles screws installation, reduction and fixation. A total of 102 patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease were treated by this technique. The index levels included L34 (n=11), L45 (n=64), L5S1 (n=21), L3-5 (n=3), and L4-S1(n=3). The operative data and follow-up results were recorded and evaluated. Results Surgery was successful in all patients, with no nerve injury or conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was (120±30) min (range, 90-200 min), with a mean blood loss of (120±80) mL (range, 50-300 mL). The post-operative X-ray and CT scans showed improvement of spinal alignment with sufficient decompression. Patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months. The Oswestry disability index (ODI) score decreased from the pre-operative 44.2%±16.3% to the last follow-up 4.9%±4.7%. The visual analog pain score (VAS) of lumbar decreased from the pre-operative 5.3±4.1 to the last follow-up 2.1±1.7, and VAS of leg decreased from the pre-operative 6.7±3.5 to 1.0±0.8 at final follow-up. The clinical results were excellent in 46 cases, good in 50 cases and fair in 6 cases according to the Macnab standard. Conclusion MED-LIF can be easily performed with MMED technique, with sufficient decompression and reduction, providing satisfactory results with less invasive procedure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection by relinqing: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of clinical studies PU Xiang,ZHANG Liyan,YANG Fengwen,et al. 2016, 44 (8):  1048-1052.  doi: 10.11958/20150252 Abstract ( 1041 )   PDF (628KB) ( 3805 )   Abstract: Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of relinqing pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection(UTI). Methods The genitourinary infection, urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, cystitis, stranguria and urethritis were used as key words to search at CNKI， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Wan Fang and Cochrane Library Databases up to April 2015. Data of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing treatments using relinqing were included in this study. The quality of the literature was evaluated by the method of Cochrane handbook 5.1.0. Data extraction was carried out independently by two authors. RevMan 5.2 software was used for Meta- analysis． Results Five RCTs were included that involved a total of 471 uncomplicated UTIs. Analysis of four studies showed a higher rates of effectiveness for uncomplicated UTI in the treatment with relinqing plus antibiotics than those of antibiotics alone [RR and 95% CI: 1.15 (1.08-1.23), P < 0.001]. Analysis of two studies showed a higher rates of bacterial clearance for uncomplicated UTI in the treatment with relinqing plus antibiotics than those of antibiotics alone [RR and 95% CI: 4.04 (1.78- 9.16)]. Conclusion Data from five small studies suggest that relinqing as an independent intervention or in conjunction with antibiotics may be beneficial for treating uncomplicated UTIs. However, the small number and poor quality of the included studies meant that it is not possible to formulate robust conclusion on the use of relinqing for uncomplicated UTI either alone or as an adjunct to antibiotics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of the association between anti-inflammatory cytokines and rheumatoid arthritis LI Bing， LIU Jun, XIAO Yu, et al. 2016, 44 (8):  1053-1056.  doi: 10.11958/20160326 Abstract ( 1205 )   PDF (334KB) ( 3674 )   Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Joint deformity and dysfunction can occur in the late stage of the disease， which is seriously harmful to human health. Anti-inflammatory factors (AIC), as a protective factor, together with pro-inflammatory factors (PIC) play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of RA. It is widely accepted by the majority of scholars that the decrease of AIC and the increase of PIC in RA can aggravate the systemic and local inflammatory reactions and accelerate the articular cartilage and subchondral bone destruction, resulting in further progress of RA. A new generation of biological therapy for RA targeting at AIC is in the ascendant. Therefore， it is important to understand the role of AIC in the pathogenesis of RA. From the perspective of the relationship between AIC and RA and the mechanism, this article reviews the research progress in this field, which provides new concepts for the diagnosis and treatment of RA. Related Articles | Metrics