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15 June 2019, Volume 47 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The effect of targeted silencing of TrkB gene on apoptotic level of anoikis in colon cancer cell SW620 QI Lin, QI Chun-sheng , XIAO Bo 2019, 47 (6):  561-565.  doi: 10.11958/20181907 Abstract ( 725 )   PDF (807KB) ( 4014 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the targeted silencing of neurotrophic factor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) gene in SW620 colon cancer cell line on the apoptotic level of anoikis. Methods TrkB-shRNA lentivirus interference vector was constructed to infect SW620 cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot assay were used to detect the expression levels of TrkB gene at levels of RNA and protein respectively. ELISA assay was performed to investigate the apoptotic level of anoikis after down-regulation of TrkB gene expression in adhering and suspension cells. Results TrkB-shRNA lentivirus interference vector was successfully constructed to obtain SW620-iTrkB stable infected cell line. Compared with the SW620-iLuc control group, the mRNA and protein relative expression levels of TrkB gene were significantly decreased in SW620-iTrkB cells (P＜0.05). It was found that different growth states and different transfection plasmid transfections showed effects on the apoptotic levels of anoikis in SW620-iTrkB cells, and there were interaction effects between them (P＜ 0.05). Compared with the adherent cells, the apoptosis rates were significantly increased in the suspension cells of SW620- iLuc group and SW620-iTrkB group (P＜0.05). In the suspension group, the apoptosis rate was significantly higher in SW620-iTrkB group than that of SW620-iLuc group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Lentiviral vector-mediated TrkB-shRNA can produce specific gene silencing effect in colon cancer SW620 cells, which significantly increases the apoptotic level of anoikis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening potential targets for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer using combined miRNA and mRNA microarray analysis SU Yi-nan 2019, 47 (6):  565-570.  doi: 10.11958/20190792 Abstract ( 706 )   PDF (647KB) ( 5232 )   Abstract: Objective To screen target genes related to liver metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles (GSE30687 and GSE44121) were downloaded from the Gene Expressed Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified through the limma software package, respectively. The database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs. Targets regulated by DEMs were screened by TargetScan, and the miRNA-mRNA regulated network was constructed. Results Compared with non-metastatic CRC samples, there were 180 mRNAs and 15 miRNAs in DEMs in CRC samples with liver metastasis, respectively. DEGs were enriched in 32 GO terms and 2 KEGG pathways. In 50 miRNA-mRNA pairs involved in the miRNA-mRNA network, there were genes with higher node degrees including FN1 and MEIS1. Conclusion FN1 and MEIS1 genes might be potential biomarkers of CRC with liver metastasis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical efficacy of robot-assisted radical resection for distal sigmoid colon and rectal cancer TANG Si-zhe, WANG Pu, LIU Jia, TIAN Fei, ZHENG Lei, HU Dong-zhi, WANG Jie-fu, KONG Da-lu 2019, 47 (6):  571-575.  doi: 10.11958/20190616 Abstract ( 843 )   PDF (617KB) ( 3798 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted radical resection for distal sigmoid colon and rectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 12 patients underwent robot-assisted radical resection for distal sigmoid colon (n=4) and rectal cancer (n=8) at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from August 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients included 5 males and 7 females, ranging in age from 27-72 years with a median age of 59.5 years. Surgical, postoperative recovery and postoperative pathological examination were observed. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect postoperative survival, recurrence and tumor metastasis of patients. Results All the 12 patients successfully completed operation with robot-assisted radical resection of distal sigmoid and rectal cancer, without conversion to conventional laparoscopic or open surgery. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were (282.50±90.72) min and (91.67±41.74) mL respectively without intraoperative complications. Among these patients, there were three with postoperative complications, one case with intestinal obstruction, one case with anastomotic leakage and one with acute ischemic stroke. The patient with acute ischemic stroke was transferred to local hospital for further treatment, and the other two patients with intestinal obstruction and the anastomotic leakage improved after conservative treatment. The duration of postoperative hospital stay was (11.25±4.22) d. The number of harvested lymph nodes after operation was (18.50±7.75) in 12 patients. Surgical margins were negative in 12 patients, and the distance of distal surgical resection margin was (2.21±0.88) cm in 8 patients with rectal cancer. Postoperative tumor pathological staging showed that stage ypT0 was detected in 1 case, pT1 in 2 cases, pT2 in 2 cases, pT3 in 5 cases and pT4a in 2 patients. Postoperative pathological N staging showed that stage pN0 was detected in 7 patients, pN1 in 3 patients and pN2 in 2 patients, respectively. Postoperative tumor pathological type showed that 10 patients were diagnosed with moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma and 2 patients were diagnosed with low differentiated adenocarcinoma respectively. All the 12 patients were followed-up for 1 to 28 months, with a median follow-up period of 18 months. During the follow-up period, 1 patient died of ischemic stroke and the others had disease-free survival, no recurrence, metastasis or death. Conclusion Robot-assisted radical resection for distal sigmoid colon and rectal cancer is safe and feasible with satisfactory short-term results. Related Articles | Metrics

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The diagnostic value of DWI and DCE-MRI for benign and malignant regional lymph nodes of rectal cancer XIE Zong-yuan, YU Xiang-yang, TAN Zhi-bin, LI Hui , WANG Ya-jing, WANG Zhi-qiang, LIU Tao 2019, 47 (6):  575-579.  doi: 10.11958/20181756 Abstract ( 792 )   PDF (574KB) ( 4123 )   Abstract：Objective To study the application value of conventional MRI combined with DWI and DCE-MRI in differentiating benign and malignant regional lymph nodes of rectal cancer. Methods Preoperative MRI data of 65 patients with rectal cancer confirmed by operation and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The accuracy of conventional MRI and conventional MRI plus DWI and DCE-MRI examination were analyzed in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lymph nodes， which was consistent with the postoperative pathology. The correlation of time-intensity curve (TIC) types， apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and Ktrans ， Ve， Kep values with benign and malignant lymph nodes were also analyzed. Results The total diagnostic accuracy rate of conventional MRI for benign and malignant lymph nodes was 67.7% (317/ 468). The total diagnostic accuracy rate of conventional MRI plus DWI and DCE-MRI for benign and malignant lymph nodes was 78.2% (366/468). The benign lymph nodes were dominated by type I curve. The malignant lymph nodes were dominated by type Ⅲ curve. Ktrans ， Ve and Kep values were higher in metastatic lymph nodes than those of benign lymph nodes, and ADC values were lower than benign lymph nodes (P＜0.05). Conclusion Conventional MRI combined with DWI and DCE-MRI can improve the detection rate of regional malignant lymph nodes in rectal cancer. TIC types, ADC values and Ktrans ， Ve and K values have certain application value in differentiating benign and malignant regional lymph nodes of rectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of computer-assisted diagnosis in colonoscopy GAN Jian-chen, ZHANG Ming-qing, QIN Hai, ZHANG Xi-peng 2019, 47 (6):  580-583.  doi: 10.11958/20191016 Abstract ( 944 )   PDF (334KB) ( 4786 )   Abstract: The application of artificial intelligence in medicine is now attracting substantial attention. In the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for colonoscopy is the most investigated area, although it is still in the preclinical phase. Colonoscopy is easily limited by the operator's experience, which affects the accuracy of the diagnosis. The application of CAD in colonoscopy can help operators overcome factors such as lack of experience and visual fatigue, improve the detection rate of colon polyps and reduce missed diagnosis. The application of CAD also can help to accurately determine the pathological type of polyps and distinguish tumorous lesions. In this paper, the research progress of CAD in colonoscopy is reviewed, and the application of this technology is prospected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between gene polymorphism and the toxicity and efficacy of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer CHEN Shuo, ZHANG Lin, WANG Bai-xue, WANG Jing-rui , XU Zan-mei 2019, 47 (6):  584-589.  doi: 10.11958/20191056 Abstract ( 789 )   PDF (399KB) ( 5557 )   Abstract：Colorectal cancer is a kind of cancer with both high morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used treatments in clinic, however toxicity and drug sensitivity to the same chemotherapy regimen are vary greatly in different patients. More and more studies have confirmed that this individual difference is closely related to gene polymorphism. At present, the research of gene polymorphism in targeted therapy of colorectal cancer has been widely accepted, and the research in chemotherapy has become more and more extensive. Combined chemotherapy has significant effect in clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Therefore, the identification of these gene polymorphisms has important guiding significance for precise chemotherapy and combined chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. This article reviewed the gene polymorphisms associated with chemotherapeutics drugs and regimens commonly used in colorectal cancer, as well as their clinical significances. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status of colorectal cancer screening at home and abroad and progress of noninvasive screening methods ZHAO Li-zhong, MA Dong-wang, ZHANG Xi-peng 2019, 47 (6):  589-593.  doi: 10.11958/20191031 Abstract ( 614 )   PDF (367KB) ( 3988 )   Abstract: Colorectal cancer is one of malignant tumor disease that seriously threaten human health. Its global morbidity and mortality rank the third and second respectively. Screening for colorectal cancer is of great significance for early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer. Screening for colorectal cancer began in Germany and other developed countries in the 1970s to reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. Screening for colorectal cancer was also carried out in some areas with the high incidence of colorectal cancer in China in 1977. In recent years, screening for colorectal cancer has also been carried out in Tianjin, Shanghai and other large cities. This article reviews the current status of international and domestic colorectal cancer screening project, aims to explore the significance of colorectal cancer screening in reducing the morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer and summarizes the impact of noninvasive colorectal cancer screening methods on screening. Through the analysis, the author believes that the national health plan, popular science publicity, medical insurance coverage, effective monitoring mechanism and appropriate screening methods are important factors affecting the screening of colorectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biodegradable PCL-PLGA scaffold loaded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to construct biomimetic tissue engineering annulus XIA Jin-jian, XU Bao-shan, MA Xin-long, ZHANG Yang, GUO Yue, YANG Yang, ZHANG Wei-hao, DU Li-long, SHAO Peng-fei , HE Guan-yu 2019, 47 (6):  594-599.  doi: 10.11958/20190489 Abstract ( 776 )   PDF (1208KB) ( 3705 )   Abstract: Objective To construct a biomimetic degradable fiber scaffold with polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) as raw materials, and to evaluate its feasibility as a tissue engineering annulus fibrosus (AF) scaffold. Methods The PCL-PLGA hybrid scaffold was prepared by melt spinning method using PCL and PLGA mixture as the experimental group. The pure PCL scaffold was used as the control group. The microstructure (fiber diameter and pore diameter) of the finished scaffold was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the porosity was measured. The elastic modulus of the scaffold was measured using a mechanical loading device. The degradation of the scaffold was monitored in vitro. The biocompatibility of the scaffold was detected by CCK-8 method and cell Live /dead staining after seeding Human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HWJ-MSCs). Results There were no significant differences in fiber diameter, pore size and porosity between the experimental group and the control group under SEM (P＞ 0.05). The orientation of the scaffold fiber was good under the microscope, and the fiber angle was 60° . The compression elastic modulus of the hybrid scaffold was (1.42 ± 0.11) MPa, and tensile elastic modulus was (5.47 ± 0.23) MPa. The compressive elastic modulus of the pure PCL scaffold was (2.36±0.19) MPa, and tensile elastic modulus was (8.95±0.22) MPa. The results of in vitro degradation assay indicated that the degradation cycle of the hybrid scaffold was compatible with proliferative capacity and activity on the scaffold. Conclusion The PCL-PLGA fiber scaffold prepared by melt spinning method can simulate the natural AF microstructure, which has biodegradability, good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. It is a suitable scaffold carrier for constructing tissue engineering intervertebral disc. the self-repair process of the annulus fibrosus. CCK-8 assay and Live / dead staining showed that HWJ-MSCs had good Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells on the growth of breast cancer cells HE Ning-ning, WANG Jin-han, WANG Yan, DU Li-qing, XU Chang, FENG Yu, SUN Xiao-hui , CAI Hui, LIU Qiang 2019, 47 (6):  600-604.  doi: 10.11958/20190736 Abstract ( 902 )   PDF (655KB) ( 4163 )   Abstract: Objective To study the effect of mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) on the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Methods The human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (231-Fluc-GFP) was constructed by lentiviral transfection using a double-reporter gene (fluorescein-green fluorescent protein, fluc-GFP) vector based on bioluminescence imaging technology, so that the cells were monitored in vitro in real time. Cells were treated with MSCs-Exo (MSCs-Exo group) and PBS (control group) respectively. The morphological observation, proliferation, survival rate and results of real-time PCR in vitro cells were performed in two groups of cells. In vivo, a nude mouse breast cancer model was established, and the tumor formation under different treatment conditions was analyzed. Results The proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells was inhibited after treatment with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes. There were significant differences in cell numbers on the 3rd day of treatment between the two groups (P＜0.05). The survival rate of breast cancer cells decreased after treatment (P＜0.01). The expression of STAT3 and its downstream genes C-MYC， BCL- XL， NANOG， OCT4 and SOX2 decreased in exosome treatment group. In vivo, the growth of tumor cells treated with MSCs- Exo was inhibited. Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes inhibit breast cancer cell growth. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of dextran sulfate on proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells WANG Wen-jun, CAO Xiang-mei, MA Yan-mei , YANG Yuan-yuan, XU Yuan-yi , HUANG Yun-ning 2019, 47 (6):  605-608.  doi: 10.11958/20181795 Abstract ( 605 )   PDF (1121KB) ( 3660 )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the effect of dextran sulfate (DS) on the proliferation and apoptosis in human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells and its mechanisms. Methods Human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells were cultured and divided into control group (PBS group) and experimental group (DS group). The effect of DS on the proliferation of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells was detected by EdU cell proliferation assay. Plate colony formation assay was used to detect the effect of DS on colony forming ability of MGC-803 cells. Changes of the apoptosis were determined by AnnexinV-PI double staining. Western blot assay was also used to analyze the protein expression levels of EZH2, Cleaved-caspase3 at different time points (2 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h). Results EdU results showed that DS significantly inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells compared with that of the control group (P＜0.01). The plate colony formation experiment showed that cell colony forming ability was significantly decreased in experimental group than that of the control group (P＜0.01). The result of AnnexinV-PI double staining showed that the apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than that of the control group (P＜0.01). Western blot analysis showed that after DS intervention the protein expression of EZH2 was significantly decreased in MGC-803 cells compared with that of control (P＜0.05), and the protein expression level of Cleaved-caspase3 was significantly increased (P＜0.05). Conclusion DS can significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells, which may be related to the inhibition of EZH2 expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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The role and mechanism analysis of UBE2C gene in the ovarian cancer based on Oncomine datasets YIN Xue-qin, NI Na, ZHANG Qin, LENG Tian-yan, YANG Li-hua 2019, 47 (6):  609-612.  doi: 10.11958/20181891 Abstract ( 792 )   PDF (540KB) ( 3920 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UB2C) gene in ovarian cancer by deeply excavating the gene information in the Oncomine database, and the mechanism thereof. Methods Information on the UBE2C study was collected from the Oncomine database, and changes in the level of ovarian cancer were analyzed. The relationship between UBE2C expression level and survival rate of ovarian cancer patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method to explore its clinical significance. Genecards database was used to collect proteins related to the UBE2C gene, and drawing the UBE2C related protein network map through STRING. Then, the related proteins were enriched and the physiological process of protein enrichment was analyzed. Results A total of 14 research data collected in the Oncomine database on the differential expression of the UBE2C gene in ovarian cancer and normal samples were analyzed. It was found that the expression of the UBE2C gene in ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than that of normal ovarian tissue (P＜0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the disease-free survival and total survival were significantly shorter in patients with high expression of UBE2C gene than those in patients with low expression of UBE2C gene, and the prognosis of patients with low expression of UBE2C gene was better (P＜0.05). Through the Genecards database, 25 proteins related to UBE2C were collected including RLIM, CBX4 and SIAH2. The results of the related protein enrichment showed that the main enrichment was ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, protein catabolic process, protein ubiquitination, the regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle, the regulation of mitotic cell cycle and cell cycle. Conclusion UBE2C gene may play a role in the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer by regulating the process of ubiquitination of protein. The high expression of UBE2C gene may be an indicator of poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Targeting UBE2C may be a potential tool for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of moderate calorie restriction on islet β-cell secretory dysfunction in obese mice GAO Xiu-ying, ZHOU Ying-sheng, ZHU Wei 2019, 47 (6):  613-618.  doi: 10.11958/20190140 Abstract ( 670 )   PDF (2419KB) ( 3566 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate whether modest calorie restriction (CR) could reverse islet β-cell morphology and function disorder induced by obesity. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were fed high fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks to create an diet-induced obese (DIO) model. Then they were divided into four groups: NC AL (normal chow, ad libitum), HF AL, HF→ NC (HF switching to NC) and HF→NC CR (40% CR). There were 20 mice in each group. These treatments continued for 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, pancreas tissues were removed for insulin immunohistochemistry staining, to quantify β-cell area. Meanwhile, introperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed to evaluate early- phase insulin secretion, second-phase insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. In addition, islets were isolated, the static glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content were measured in isolated islets. Results At the end of the experiment, HF AL mice showed significant obesity, increased β - cell area, impaired glucose intolerance, decreased tendency in early-phase insulin secretion and insulin resistance. At the same time, the in vitro isolated islet experiment displayed the increased insulin content and defective insulin secretion. The basal insulin secretion increased by 30.6%, while insulin secretion decreased by 52.1% under the condition of 16.7 mmol/L glucose stimulation. In the HF→NC group, after 3 weeks of intervention, the glucose tolerance returned to normal, body weights decreased. The early phase insulin secretion and insulin secretion stimulated by the high glucose in isolated islets of mice were not improved in HF NC group compared with those in HF AL group. After 3 weeks of dietary restriction intervention, body weights, beta cell area, glucose tolerance, early phase insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, the basal insulin secretion and high glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro returned to normal in HF→NC CR group. Conclusion The moderate (40%) calorie restriction to normal body weight can reverse the defective insulin secretion and normalize glucose tolerance in DIO mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exogenous H2S protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy and might act on JNK/FoxO1/Bcl-2 pathway YI Deng-liang, ZENG Qi-hu, LIU Xing, WANG Tao, FAN Zhong-cai 2019, 47 (6):  619-623.  doi: 10.11958/20190225 Abstract ( 958 )   PDF (973KB) ( 4350 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the protective effects and the related mechanism of exogenous H2S on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in rats. Methods Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and diabetic diet were used in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish DCM models. Sixteen DCM rats and 16 normal rats were randomly divided into the following four groups with 8 rats per group: DCM+ saline group, DCM+NaHS group, Control + saline group and Control+NaHS group. DCM+NaHS group rats and Control+NaHS group rats were intraperitoneally administered H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) at a dose of 100 μmol/kg per day for 12 weeks. DCM+saline group rats and Control+saline group rats were intraperitoneally injected with an equivalent volume of physiological saline for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, all rats were tested with ultrasonic cardiogram to evaluate the heart function. Then, the left heart ventrucular tissues were collected after executing all rats to be embedded in paraffin and be preserved at - 80 ℃ . The cardiac pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The protein expressions of Bcl-2, p-FoxO1, p-JNK were detected by Western blot assay. Results The type of rat model and interving measure showed an effect on the cardiac function, as well as Bcl-2, p-FoxO1 and p-JNK; There was an interaction between the type of rat model and interving measure during the experiment. In DCM group, the levels of LVEF and LVFS values and expressions of Bcl-2 and p-FoxO1 were declined, but the expression of p-JNK was increased. The heart function and cardiac pathological changes were improved in NaHS group. Likewise, expressions of Bcl-2 and p-FoxO1 were upregulated, the expression of p-JNK was downregulated. Conclusion DCM myocardial injury is associated with cell apoptosis. NaHS can alleviate DCM myocardial injury and protect cardiac function, possibly by acting on JNK/FoxO1/Bcl-2 pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of exogenous melatonin on fertility of male rats induced by nicotine HU Hao-rui, YANG Wei-min, HUANG Hui, LIAO Ming, ZHOU Xiao-ming 2019, 47 (6):  623-627.  doi: 10.11958/20181642 Abstract ( 806 )   PDF (554KB) ( 3586 )   Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effect of melatonin on testicular alterations, sperm nuclear integrity and epididymal sperm parameters in rats treated with nicotine. Methods Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups. Group A received the vehicle, group B received nicotine (1 mg /kg), group C received melatonin (10 mg /kg) and group D received nicotine plus melatonin. Rats were executed 30 days after treatment. The evaluation of spermatogenesis was detected by HE staining. UNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of germ cells. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for assessment of serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH). WL-9000 sperm quality detection system was used to detect epididymal sperm parameters, and sperm chromatin diffusion test was used to detect sperm chromatin integrity. Results Compared with group A, spermatogenic cell count and Johnsen score were significantly decreased in group B. The number of apoptotic cells increased significantly, and the levels of serum LH and testosterone decreased. The sperm count and motility of epididymis decreased, but the abnormal morphology increased, the proportion of halo sperm decreased significantly, and the DNA fragment index increased significantly (P＜0.05). Compared with group B, the number of spermatogenic cells and Johnsen scores were increased, the number of apoptotic cells decreased, the number and the activity of epididymal sperm increased, but the abnormal morphology decreased in group C and group D. Also the proportion of halo sperm increased and DNA fragment index decreased (P＜0.05). The serum levels of LH and testosterone were higher in group C than those in group B (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum level of LH between group D and group B. The serum level of testosterone was significantly higher in group D than that of group B (P＜0.05). The DNA fragmentation index was negatively correlated with serum levels of testosterone and LH (r=-0.894, P＜0.001 and r=-0.763, P＜0.001), respectively. There was a positive correlation between DNA fragmentation index and apoptosis of germ cells and abnormal sperm morphology (r=0.782 and 0.837, P＜0.05). Conclusion This study shows that administration of melatonin in nicotine-treated mice increases both quality and quantity of spermatogenesis and integrity of sperm’s chromatin through reducing apoptosis and modifying the testosterone level. Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction SHI Xin-rong, SUN Bin, WANG Ya-lei 2019, 47 (6):  628-631.  doi: 10.11958/20182251 Abstract ( 1068 )   PDF (339KB) ( 3977 )   Abstract： Objective To evaluate the safety and short-term outcomes of endoscopic resection in the treatment of early adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction. Methods A total of 166 patients with early adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction were treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) from April 2016 to October 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The clinical information, including gender, age, the process of ESD treatment, post-operative pathology and additional surgical treatment were recorded. The risk assessment of lymph node metastasis was carried out according to the indications of eCrua scoring system and scores of endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer respectively. Results Among the 166 patients with early adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction, 146 (88.0%) were cured after ESD, 20 cases (12.0%) were non-curable resection, 9 cases (5.4%) were transferred to perform additional operation. In the non-curable resection group, the proportion of patients with lesion diameter > 30 mm, lesions with ulcer or undifferentiated type was significantly higher than that in the curable resection group (P＜0.05). The average postoperative follow-up time was 15.7 months (3-33 months). During the follow-up period, 1 case showed recurrence and no case of death associated with gastric cancer. After operation, there were 4 cases of eCura C, 2 cases of local residual tumors and 1 case of lymph node metastasis. Conclusion ESD is safe and effective for the treatment of early adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction. The risk of lymph node metastasis can be well assessed by eCura score system according to the postoperative pathological results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical effects of levosimendan on refractory heart failure caused by left ventricular myocardial insufficiency FENG Chao, FENG Jin-ping, JIANG Han-tao, CHEN Shu-tao, CONG Hong-liang 2019, 47 (6):  632-635.  doi: 10.11958/20181883 Abstract ( 861 )   PDF (351KB) ( 4022 )   Abstract: Objective To report our experience with levosimendan in refractory heart failure caused by left ventricular noncompaction. Methods A total of 122 patients with refractory heart failure were collected in the cardiac intensive care unit of Tianjin Chest Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017. According to the causes of heart failure, the patients were divided into three groups including left ventricular noncompaction group (LVNC, n=6), ischemic cardiomyopathy group (ICM, n=91) and dilated cardiomyopathy group (DCM, n=25). All patient received continuous infusion of levosimendan for 24 hours on the basis of the failure of conventional treatment. The biological and echocardiographic data before and after 48 hours of levosimendan administration were analyzed and compared between three groups. Results Compared with data before administration, there were no significant improvement in the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) after 48 hours of levosimendan infusion in LVNC group (P＞0.05). The LVEDD, LVEF, PASP and NTproBNP were all improved in ICM group (P＜0.01). And LVEF and NTproBNP were improved in DCM group (P＜0.01). After 48 hours of levosimendan administration, the improvement of LVEDD, LVEF, NTproBNP and PASP was more significant in ICM group than that in LVNC group (P＜0.05), and the improvement of LVEF and NTproBNP was more significant in DCM group than that in LVNC group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Levosimendan has poor efficacy in refractory heart failure caused by left ventricular noncompaction, and it may not be suitable for this type of patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the risk factors of 110 cases of premature ovarian failure CHEN Jian, QIU Shu 2019, 47 (6):  636-639.  doi: 10.11958/20181962 Abstract ( 705 )   PDF (372KB) ( 3837 )   Abstract: Objective To analyze the risk factors of premature ovarian failure (POF). Methods A total of 110 patients with POF who diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were selected as POF group, and 110 healthy women were selected as control group. The levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) were detected and compared between the two groups. At the same time, the questionnaire about the influence factors of premature ovarian failure filled out by the two groups was collected and analyzed for statistical analysis. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors was used for POF in women. Results There were no statistically significant differences in terms of age and menarche age between the two groups. The hormone levels of FSH and LH were significantly higher in the POF group than those in the control group, and the level of E2 was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that occupational stress, poor sleep, smoking or passive smoking, type A behavior pattern, history of pelvic gynecological surgery, history of abortion curettage were the risk factors of occurrence of POF (P＜0.05, OR＞1). Conclusion Women should pay attention to the above risk factors of POF, reduce the negative impact of these aspects in daily life to actively prevent and slow down the occurrence and development of POF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of diabetes risk factors of workers with different genders and BMI in Dagang oilfield TIAN Xiu-biao, MA Jian, JIN Na-na, SHI Jie-li, LIU Yan, ZHU Tie-hong 2019, 47 (6):  640-645.  doi: 10.11958/20181640 Abstract ( 747 )   PDF (424KB) ( 3782 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the diabetes risk factors of working age people with different sex and body mass index (BMI）levels in Dagang oilfield. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by the Finland diabetes risk score questionnaire to determine the increased risk population, which was divided into diabetes mellitus group and non-diabetes mellitus group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the risk factors of diabetes for different sex and BMI groups. Results The study population comprised 1 995 participants with 985 (49.4%) males. The highest diabetes risk factor of male was the history of high blood glucose (HHBG, OR=3.183, 95%CI: 1.921-5.272), followed by age, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), history of hypertension, history of treatment (HHT) and smoking, with the lowest risk of triglyceride (TG, OR=1.494, 95%CI: 1.033-2.162), while the highest in female was alanine aminotransferase (ALT, OR=2.383, 95%CI: 1.153-4.927), followed by waist circumference (WC), total triglyceride (TG) and age, with the lowest risk of HHBG (OR= 2.081, 95%CI: 0.947-4.571). The risk factors in BMI＜23.9 subgroup for men were the HHBG and TG, while age and TG were risk factors for women. The risk factors in 24.0≤BMI＜27.9 subgroup for men were the age, HHBG and HHT, while age, ALT, and TG were risk factors for women. The risk factors of BMI≥28.0 subgroup were HHBG, HHT, AST and ALT, while only the age for women. Conclusion The main diabetes risk factors of male from high to low are HHBG, age, AST, HHT, smoking and TG, and HHBG is always the risk factor for diabetes in different BMI subgroups. The risk factors of female diabetes are ALT, WC, TG, age, and HHBG in turn. Age is the common risk factor of different BMI subgroups. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between in-stent restenosis and inflammatory markers and tissue factors in patients with coronary heart disease MA Wei-tao, XIA Da-sheng, XIA Wei , WANG Li , LU Cheng-zhi , HE Qiang 2019, 47 (6):  646-650.  doi: 10.11958/20190175 Abstract ( 663 )   PDF (375KB) ( 3611 )   Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between in-stent restenosis (ISR) and phosphorylated c-jun (reflecting the levels of activator protein-1), CD40L on platelets, tissue factors (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 200 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were recruited in this study. According to the coronary angiography of 1 year after PCI, the patients were divided into ISR group (n=27) and control group (n=173). The amount of phosphorylated c-jun in leukocyte lysate, TF and TFPI were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the mean fluorescence intensity about CD40L on platelets was detected by flow cytometry. Risk factors for ISR were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. Results The absorbance of phosphorylated c-jun, the mean fluorescence intensity about CD40L on platelets, the plasma TF, TFPI and TF/ TFPI were significantly higher in the ISR group than those in the control group (P＜0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the absorbance of phosphorylated c-jun was positively correlated with the mean fluorescence intensity about CD40L on platelets, TF and TFPI (rs =0.766, 0.496 and 0.540, P＜0.05). The mean fluorescence intensity about CD40L on platelets was positively correlated with TF and TFPI (r=0.652, 0.702, P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that the higher mean fluorescence intensity about CD40L on platelets, TF / TFPI were risk factors for ISR (P＜0.05). Conclusion The high expression of inflammatory markers, phosphorylated c-jun, CD40L and increased expression of TF may promote the occurrence of ISR after PCI in patients with coronary heart disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical comparative observation of micafungin and fluconazole in preventing fungal infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation XUE Hui , FENG Shu-qing, LI Xue-min, HU Yong-chao, GAO Feng 2019, 47 (6):  650-653.  doi: 10.11958/20182128 Abstract ( 973 )   PDF (327KB) ( 3709 )   Abstract: Objective To compare the effects of micafungin and fluconazole in preventing early invasive fungal disease (FID) in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT). Methods Data of 82 Allo-HSCT patients were retrospectively analyzed. The observation group (n=42) was given intravenous micafungin until the leukocytes were stable after implantation, and the rest time was given fluconazole. The control group (n=40) was given the oral fluconazole. The patients were followed up to 100 days after transplantation. The incidence of IFD and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of IFD was 7.1% (3 cases) in the observation group and 22.5% (9 cases) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =3.868, P＜0.05). Drug-related adverse reactions were 11.9% (5 cases) vs. 15.0% (6 cases) in the two groups, and there was no significant difference between two groups (χ2patients and those without ATG (P＞0.05). Conclusion Micafungin combined with fluconazole can effectively reduce the incidence of IFD in the early stage of Allo-HSCT patients, and without incensement of adverse drug reactions. =0.169, P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of IFD between the two groups of ATG Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the application of skin soft tissue expansion in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery ZHANG Bao-shuai, ZHAO Su-yan, HAO Sheng-li 2019, 47 (6):  654-658.  doi: 10.11958/20182219 Abstract ( 693 )   PDF (383KB) ( 3904 )   Abstract: Soft tissue expansion plays an important role in the field of plastic surgery, especially in breast reconstruction and burn plastic surgery. The superficial skin and soft tissue defects can be repaired with full-thickness skin flaps as well as free grafts. However, in ocular reconstruction surgery, large area of tissue defects caused by tumor resection or trauma need to be repaired by large area of skin and soft tissue. Traditional transposition skin flaps or free grafts can not complete the repair. Skin and soft tissue expansion can provide excellent skin and soft tissue matching skin color, texture and thickness. Expanded skin and soft tissue can repair eyelid and periorbital tissue defects by sliding or rotating in various forms. This technique provides a valuable surgical alternative for managing various periorbital defects. However, this technique still has a long expansion period in the application of ophthalmology, and the late contracture of the soft tissue of the expanded skin is severe, and the key problems such as the ischemic necrosis of the distal part of the metastatic flap cannot be solved, thus seriously affecting the repair effect. This article reviews the indications and common complications of skin soft tissue expansion in ophthalmic plastic surgery in order to be helpful to clinic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of dexmedetomidine in orthopedic surgery DENG Shan, LI Ping 2019, 47 (6):  658-662.  doi: 10.11958/20182017 Abstract ( 945 )   PDF (379KB) ( 4569 )   Abstract: Dexmedetomidine, or 4 - [(1S) - 1 - (2, 3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl] - 1H-imidazole, with molecular formula C13H16N2, is a highly selective alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist with multiple pharmacological properties and has been fully applied in the field of anesthesia. Orthopedic surgeries often result in more severe trauma and postoperative pain compared to other procedures, with more complications and even affecting prognosis of patients. Due to its sedative, analgesic, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory, and anti-sympathetic effects, dexmedetomidine has little impact on respiratory and circulatory systems. In recent years, the application of dexmedetomidine in orthopedic surgery has become more comprehensive and in-depth. This article introduces the application and research progress of dexmedetomidine in orthopedic surgery including analgesia, anti-inflammation, sedation, intraoperative arousal, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, dosage and adverse reactions, hoping to guide further clinical applications and researches. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the relationship between saturated fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases CHE Juan, LIU Jiao, ZHU Yu-fang, CHEN Hai-ying 2019, 47 (6):  663-666.  doi: 10.11958/20181446 Abstract ( 1144 )   PDF (336KB) ( 3866 )   Abstract：There are different opinions on the role of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The sources of food, the parity of the SFA carbon chain, and the chain length are major factors. This article reviews the effects of saturated fatty acids on cardiovascular risk factors. In addition to medium chain SFA (MCSFA), other types of SFA can increase blood pressure. SFA is moderately harmful to vascular function. The risk of dyslipidemia caused by dairy products increases with the prolongation of intake time. Pure palm oil and coconut oil are helpful in reducing blood lipids. SFA with different odd and even carbon chains and different lengths has different risks of developing type 2 diabetes. The effects of saturated fatty acids on the risk of CVD were summarized. Generally, SFA intake increases the risk of CVD, but specific foods have different effects. Coconut oil rich in SFA can cause myocardial fibrosis. Dairy products, especially cheese, can reduce the risk of CVD. Red meat is moderately harmful to cardiovascular health. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gut microbiota and diabetes ZHANG Jie, XU Yan-cheng, WU Yu-wen 2019, 47 (6):  667-672.  doi: 10.11958/20181936 Abstract ( 1291 )   PDF (386KB) ( 4096 )   Abstract: In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes has become a research hotspot. With the in-depth study of gut microbiota, the role of gut microbiota, as an environmental factor in regulating the development of immune and metabolic diseases, has been gradually recognized. At present, a large number of studies at home and abroad have focused on the pathogenesis of gut microbiota affecting obesity and diabetes. Some studies have also found that the gut microbiota can obtain energy from food components that are difficult to digest, affecting the energy balance and metabolism of human body. The genome sequencing method is used to reveal the composition and abundance of intestinal flora in different types of diabetes patients, and which can be verified in animals to clarify the bacterial functions associated with diabetes. The genetic information carried by the gut microbiota may be a new breakthrough in the future treatment of diabetes. There are many studies on gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but there have been few reports on the gut microbiota of gestational diabetes in the past. Therefore, in this paper, the characteristics of gut microbiota in different types of diabetes and the mechanism of gut microbiota involved in the occurrence of diabetes were reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics