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15 November 2020, Volume 48 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expressions of IL-6 and GATA6 in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and their effects on cell proliferation LUO Jie, LIU Wei-jia△ 2020, 48 (11):  1025-1030.  doi: 10.11958/20200939 Abstract ( 860 )   PDF (1169KB) ( 6125 )   Objective　To explore the expressions and roles of interleukin (IL)-6 and transcription factor GATA6 in the proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Methods　Pulmonary arteries were isolated from 8-week-old SD rats, and PASMCs were cultured by type Ⅰ collagenase digestion method. The cells were observed by inverted microscope and identified by immunofluorescence staining. The effects of different concentrations of PDGF-BB (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 μg/L) on the proliferation of PASMCs at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h were detected by CCK-8. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle of 30 μg/L PDGF-BB induced cell proliferation for 48 h. The qPCR and Western blot assay were used to detect the expression levels of IL-6 mRNA and GATA6 mRNA and protein after 30 μg/L PDGF-BB induced cell proliferation for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. Results　The proliferation model of PASMCs could be effectively established by PDGF-BB. The proliferation of PASMCs was significantly increased by PDGF-BB at 15-60 μg/L for 24 h and 48 h, and the best effect was induced by 30 μg/L for 48 h (P＜0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that the percentage of G1 phase was significantly lower in PDGF-BB group than that of control group, while the percentages of S phase and G2 phase were significantly increased (P＜0.01). PDGF-BB can induce cells to increase IL-6 mRNA and protein secretion and reduce GATA6 mRNA and protein expression levels. Correlation analysis showed that the proliferation of PASMCs was positively correlated with the expressions of IL-6 mRNA and negatively correlated with the expression of GATA6 mRNA (r=0.538, -0.647 respectively, P＜0.05). The expression of IL-6 mRNA was negatively correlated with the expression of GATA6 mRNA (r=-0.705, P＜0.01). Conclusion　PDGF-BB induces proliferation of PASMCs cultured in vitro. IL-6 and GATA6 are involved in the occurrence and development of PDGF-induced PASMCs proliferation. PASMC proliferation is associated with up-regulation of IL-6 mRNA and down-regulation of GATA6 mRNA. Related Articles | Metrics

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HJURP promotes proliferation and migration of renal cancer YANG Liu, XIONG Yin, YU Yong-hong, HU Xian-feng, SHI Yuan-yuan, JIANG Wen-lin, LI Yan-lan, DU Yan-hua△ 2020, 48 (11):  1030-1035.  doi: 10.11958/20201406 Abstract ( 821 )   PDF (1077KB) ( 5653 )   Objective　To investigate biological functions of HJURP in renal caner. Methods　TCGA database was used to identify the effect of HJURP on the expression and prognosis in renal cancer. The expression levels of HJURP were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 20 samples of renal tumor tissues, renal cell carcinoma cell lines CAKI-1, 786O and A498, and renal tubular cells HK2 . CAKI-1 cell line was transfected with siRNA, and cell colony formation assay and MTT assay were performed to detect the proliferation viability of renal cancer cells in si-HJURP group and control group. Flow cytometry assay was performed to detect the cell cycle changes. Transwell assay were performed to detect cell migration. Western blot assay was used to detect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and AKT pathway related proteins. Results　(1)The expression of HJURP was significantly high in renal cancer tissues in the TCGA database, and it increased with the upgrading of tumor stages (P＜0.05). The overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were significantly decreased in patients with high expression of HJURP than those in patients with low expression of HJURP. (2) The expressions of HJURP were higher in renal cancer tissues and renal cancer cell lines than those in adjacent tissues and renal tubular cells. (3) The results of cytology assay showed that compared with the NC group, the proliferation activity of CAKI-1 cells was significantly inhibited in the si-HJURP group, and the proportion of cells in the G2 phase increased, the number of cell migration decreased significantly, and the expression of EMT-related protein N-cadherin decreased. The expression of E-cadherin increased, and the key proteins of AKT pathway p-AKT and p-GSK3β were significantly down-regulated (P＜0.05). Conclusion　HJURP is highly expressed in renal cancer and promotes the proliferation and migration of renal cancer. It can be used as a potential clinical diagnosis and treatment target and prognostic marker for cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Downregulation of dopamine D1 receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens of aged mice is involved in the delayed recovery after isoflurane anesthesia ZHANG Yi, GUI Huan, HU Lang, LIU Cheng-xi, ZHANG Jie, LIANG Xiao-li, △ 2020, 48 (11):  1036-1040.  doi: 10.11958/20201662 Abstract ( 1058 )   PDF (471KB) ( 4676 )   Objective　To explore the role of the age-related alteration of dopamine D1 receptor in nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the delayed emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in aged mice. Methods　Firstly 8 aged mice (18-22 months) and 8 young mice (5-8 months) were extracted from 26 mice in each group. After exposure to 1.4% isoflurane, differences in the emergence time from isoflurane anesthesia and power spectrum of cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) were compared between the two groups. The rest of the mice in each group were used for microinjection. The effect of microinjecting dopamine D1 receptor agonist, antagonist and normal saline into the NAc on the emergence time and power spectrum were investigated during the recovery period after isoflurane anesthesia. Finally, the differences of expression levels of the NAc dopamine D1 receptor in aged and young mice were detected to analyze the potential mechanism underlying the delayed emergence after general anesthesia in aged mice. Results　Compared with young mice, the emergence time from isoflurane anesthesia was notably prolonged in aged mice (P＜0.01). Power of δ band (＞1-4 Hz) in the cortical EEG was elevated in aged mice (P＜0.01), whilst the power of α band (＞8-12 Hz), β band (＞12-25 Hz) and γ band (＞25-60 Hz) were strikingly reduced (P＜0.05). Comparing with normal saline controls, microinjecting D1 receptor agonist significantly shortened the emergence time, reduced the power of δ band and enhanced the power of γ band in EEG of young mice (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, microinjecting D1 receptor antagonist prolonged the emergence time and increased the power in δ band in young mice (P＜0.01). However, microinjecting D1 receptor agonist/antagonist affected neither the emergence time nor cortical EEG in aged mice (P＞0.05). In addition, the expression level of D1 receptor in the NAc remarkably decreased in aged mice compared with that of young mice (P＜0.01). Conclusion　The age-related downregulation of D1 receptor in the NAc attenuates its arousal-promoting ability for general anesthesia, which is probably a crucial reason for the delayed emergence in aged animals. Related Articles | Metrics

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The protective effect of ethanol extract of Chinese propolis on kidney of type 1 diabetic rats through p38 MAPK/NOX4 signal pathway LUO Ying, ZUO Zhong-fu, ZHANG Qiao, XUE Kun, LIU Chang, MIN Lian-qiu 2020, 48 (11):  1040-1044.  doi: 10.11958/20201769 Abstract ( 737 )   PDF (879KB) ( 6307 )   Objective　To study the protective effect and its related mechanism of ethanol extract of Chinese propolis (EECP) on kidney of type 1 diabetic rats. Methods　Sixty-eight male SD rats were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with streptozotocin (STZ) once at a dose of 55 mg/kg for type 1 diabetic rat model. After 72 hours, the tail vein blood glucose of rat was detected, and rats with blood glucose ＞ 16.7 mmol/L were used as diabetes models. After the model induction, the type 1 diabetic rats were divided into five groups according to random number table method: model group, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg of EECP groups and metformin (75 mg/kg) group, 10 rats for each group. Another 10 normal rats were taken as the normal group. After 12 weeks, blood glucose, creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in each group. HE staining was used to observe renal pathological changes. The protein expressions of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and p-p38 MAPK were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay. Results　Compared with the normal group, the blood glucose, Scr, BUN, MDA and the expressions of NOX4 and p-p38 MAPK were increased significantly in the model group, while the SOD activity decreased significantly (P＜0.05). Compared with the EECP 50 mg/kg group, the blood glucose, Scr, BUN, MDA, and expressions of NOX4 and p-p38 MAPK were significantly decreased in the EECP 100 mg/kg group, EECP 200 mg/kg group and the metformin group, and the SOD activity was significantly increased (P＜0.05). Compared with the EECP 100 mg/kg group and the EECP 200 mg/kg group, the blood glucose, Scr, BUN, MDA and expressions of NOX4 and p-p38 MAPK were significantly reduced in the metformin group, and SOD activity was significantly increased (P＜0.05). Conclusion　EECP can improve the renal injury of diabetic rats by reducing blood glucose and enhancing antioxidative ability, and the mechanism may be realized by inhibiting p38 MAPK/NOX4 signal pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of Liangxue Xiaoyin granule on miR-155/SOCS1 axis in psoriasis transgenic mouse model DUAN Zi-yu, LI Jian-guo, CHEN Jing, LIU Hong-wei, LI Li-na, ZHOU Wu, ZHANG Shou-min△ 2020, 48 (11):  1045-1049.  doi: 10.11958/20200457 Abstract ( 847 )   PDF (541KB) ( 5150 )   Objective To study the therapeutic effect of Liangxue Xiaoyin granule on psoriasis transgenic mice (K14-VEGF) and its effect on the miR-155/cytokine signal transduction inhibitor 1 (SOCS1) axis. Methods　Eight untreated Swiss outbred line (FVB/NJ) mice were randomly selected as the control group. In addition, 24 SPF K14-VEGF transgenic mice were according to random number table method divided into model group, Liangxue Xiaoyin granule group and methotrexate group, 8 in each group. The control group and model group were intragastrically administered normal saline, Liangxue Xiaoyin granule group was intragastrically administered at a dose of 60 g/kg, methotrexate group was intragastrically administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg, once a day for 10 days. The severity index (PASI) score of psoriasis was observed, and the morphological changes of cells were observed by HE staining. The expression levels of serum TNF-α, IL-23, IL-6 and IL-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-155, and the expression of SOCS1 protein was determined by Western blot (WB) assay. Results　Compared with the control group, the model group showed spinous layer thickening and superficial dermal lymphocyte infiltration. Compared with the model group, the pathological severity of mice decreased significantly, and the cell morphology recovered in the Liangxue Xiaoyin granule group and the methotrexate group. Compared with the control group, the PASI score, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1 and miR-155 were significantly higher, the expression level of SOCS1 was decreased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with model group, the PASI score, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1 and miR-155 were decreased significantly in Liangxue Xiaoyin granule group and methotrexate group (P < 0.05), and the expression level of SOCS1 was significantly higher (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between Liangxue Xiaoyin granule group and methotrexate group (P＞0.05). Conclusion　Liangxue Xiaoyin granule may alleviate the inflammatory reaction and alleviate the symptoms of psoriasis transgenic mice by inhibiting the activation of the miR-155/SOCS1 axis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the mechanism of pabitastat inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and growth in ovarian cancer xenografts of nude mice QIN Jie, CHAI Xiao-fei, LI Xiang-long 2020, 48 (11):  1050-1054.  doi: 10.11958/20200658 Abstract ( 810 )   PDF (432KB) ( 4820 )   Objective To study the effect of pabirstat (LBH589) on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), growth and PDZ-binding domain of transcription costimulatory factor (TAZ)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways of ovarian cancer transplanted tumors in nude mice. Methods Fifty female BALB/c nude mice, successfully modeled, were divided into five groups by the random number table method (n=10): positive control group (5 mg/kg bevacizumab was injected by abdominal cavity), model group (the same amount of saline was injected by abdominal cavity), LBH589 low, medium and high-dose groups (10，30 and 50 nmol/L LBH589 were injected by abdominal cavity). After the intervention, the tumor volumes were measured every 3 days, and the tumor inhibition rates were calculated in each group. Western blot assay was used to verify the expression levels of TAZ, EGFR, E-Cad and Vim in tumor tissues of each group after 14 days of intervention. Results Compared with the model group, after 3 days of intervention, the volumes of subcutaneous tumors were decreased in positive control group and LBH589 high concentration group (P＜0.05). On 6 d, 9 d and 12 d, the volumes of subcutaneous tumors were decreased in the LBH589 low, medium and high concentration groups and the positive control group compared with those of the positive control group (P＜0.05). The volumes of subcutaneous transplanted tumors were increased at 9 d and 12 d in LBH589 low and medium concentration mice, and the tumor inhibition rates were decreased at 12 d (P＜0.05). After 14 days of intervention, the expression levels of E-Cad protein in the transplanted tumor tissues were increased in the positive control group and LBH589 groups compared with those of the model group, and the protein expressions of Vim, TAZ and EGFR were decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with the positive control group, the expressions of E-Cad protein in the transplanted tumor tissues were decreased in LBH589 low and medium concentration groups, and the expressions of Vim, TAZ and EGFR proteins were increased (P＜0.05). Compared with the LBH589 low and medium concentration groups, the E-Cad protein expressions in the transplanted tumor tissues were increased in the LBH589 high concentration group, and the expressions of Vim, TAZ and EGFR proteins were decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusion The TAZ/EGFR pathway plays an important role in the growth and EMT of transplanted ovarian cancer in nude mice. LBH589 may inhibit TAZ/EGFR pathway activation to inhibit the growth and EMT of ovarian cancer in nude mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical significance of serum Ficolin-3 and S100B in diabetic peripheral neuropathy DING Jiao, NI Jian-qiang, LI Yin-min△ 2020, 48 (11):  1055-1059.  doi: 10.11958/20201683 Abstract ( 756 )   PDF (457KB) ( 6077 )   Objective　To investigate the clinical significance and diagnostic value of serum fibrin-3 (Ficolin-3) and S100B in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods　A total of 126 patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated in our hospital from January 2019 to February 2020 were selected in this study. Sixty-eight patients with simple type 2 diabetes were included in the diabetes group, and 58 patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with DPN were included in the neuropathy group. In addition, 40 healthy people who were examined in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The clinical data, biochemical indexes, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of median nerve were collected in the three groups of patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of serum Ficolin-3 and S100B. The clinical characteristics of study objects in the three groups were compared. The risk factors of type 2 diabetes patients complicated with DPN and the correlation between serum Ficolin-3, S100B and clinical indexes were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the auxiliary diagnostic value of serum Ficolin-3 and S100B for DPN. Results　The levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and S100B were significantly higher in neuropathy group than those in diabetes group and control group, and the level of Ficolin-3 was significantly lower than that in diabetes group and control group (P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of hs-CRP≥2.1 mg/L, the level of MNCV≤50 m/s, the level of SNCV≤47 m/s and the level of S100B≥200 ng/L were the risk factors for type 2 diabetes patients complicated with DPN (P＜0.05), and the level of Ficolin-3≥22 μg/L was the protective factor for type 2 diabetes patients complicated with DPN (P＜0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum ficolin-3 was negatively correlated with S100B (r=-0.338, P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the serum Ficolin-3 (AUC=0.747) and S100B (AUC=0.734) had diagnostic values for DPN. The diagnostic value of combined application was further improved (AUC=0.819). Conclusion　The serum Ficolin-3 and S100B are expressed abnormally in DPN, and both of them have certain auxiliary diagnostic values for DPN. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hemodynamic changes and prognostic analysis of large hemispheric infarction treated with standard decompressive craniectomy combined with internal decompression ZOU Min-gang, LUO De-fang, YANG Rui-jin, HUANG Wei-long, ZHANG Bo-lin, LUO Shu-hua, HUANG Jin-qing△ 2020, 48 (11):  1059-1064.  doi: 10.11958/20201551 Abstract ( 715 )   PDF (1143KB) ( 4801 )   Objective　To investigate the hemodynamic changes after standard decompressive craniectomy combined with internal decompression in the treatment of large hemispheric infarction and analyze its prognosis. Methods　Forty-two patients with large hemispheric infarction who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2017 to February 2020 were collected and divided into 2 groups according to different surgical methods. The patients in the study group (n=22) were performed standard decompressive craniectomy and internal decompression, and the patients in the control group (n=20) were performed standard decompressive craniectomy. The NIHSS score before and 14 days after operation, Barthel Index and fatality rate at 90d were analyzed in the two groups. Meanwhile, all patients completed CT perfusion (CTP) imaging before and 14 days after operation. The absolute values of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (MTT) in the infarction core area, the contralateral mirror area, and the peri-infarct zone (PIZ) were measured and compared between the two groups. Results　The NIHSS scores were significantly decreased after operation compared with those before operation in the two groups (P＜0.01), and the Barthel indexes were significantly increased after surgery (P＜0.01). After surgery, the NIHSS score was significantly decreased in the study group compared with that of the control group, and the Barthel index was significantly increased in the study group compared with that of the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). The CBF and CBV of the infarction core area were significantly increased after operation in the study group, and both were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01). In the PIZ area, the CBF was increased after operation, and MTT was decreased after operation in the control group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the CBV and TTP before and after operation in the control group (P＞0.05). The CBF and CBV in the PIZ area were significantly increased after surgery in the study group, and both were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05). In the same region and group, the TTP and MTT, which were significantly shorter than those before the operation, were also significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.01). After the operation, the CBF and CBV of the contralateral mirror area were significantly increased in the two groups, and the TTP and MTT were significantly shortened (P＜0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of postoperative parameters between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion　Standard decompressive craniectomy combined with internal decompression can improve the hemodynamics of patients with large hemispheric infarction, especially enhance the blood perfusion in the PIZ, and obviously promote the recovery of neurological function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study of ultrasound elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluating chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis GE Xiao-yan, LI Jun△, CAO Chun-li, CHENG Jing, XU Li-hong, LI Shu-gang 2020, 48 (11):  1065-1069.  doi: 10.11958/20200567 Abstract ( 1139 )   PDF (664KB) ( 4985 )   Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of virtual touch tissue quantitfication (VTQ) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in evaluating the chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis. Methods Sixty-five patients with chronic hepatitis B were assessed by VTQ, CEUS and liver biopsy respectively to obtain the shear wave velocity (SWV) and contrast parameters of the liver，including portal vein arrival time (PVAT), hepatic artery time of arrival (HAAT), hepatic vein arrival time (HVAT), time to peak liver parenchyma (TTP), hepatic artery-hepatic vein transit time (HV-HAAT) and hepatic artery-portal vein transit time (PV-HAAT). According to the pathological results, sixty-five chronic hepatitis B patients were divided into mild group (n=12), moderate group (n=23) and severe group (n=30). The differences of SWV and CEUS parameters were compared between different groups. The correlation between SWV and CEUS parameters and the degree of liver fibrosis was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to find the cut-off values of SWV and CEUS parameters for the diagnosis of severe liver fibrosis. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SWV and CEUS parameters for severe liver fibrosis. Delong method was used to compare the differences of different AUC detection methods. Results Compared with the mild group, SWV increased in the moderate group and severe group, and HVAT and HV-HAAT decreased in the severe group (P＜0.05). Compared with the moderate group, SWV increased and HVAT and HV-HAAT decreased in the severe group (P＜0.05). There was a positive correlation between SWV and the severity of liver fibrosis (rs=0.713, P＜0.05). There was a negative correlation between HVAT, HV-HAAT and the severity of liver fibrosis (rs = -0.437 and -0.620, respectively, P＜0.05). In the severe group, the areas under the curve for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) by SWV, HVAT and HV-HAAT were 0.925 (0.832-0.976), 0.734 (0.610-0.836) and 0.804 (0.687-0.892), and the cut off values were 1.92 m/s, 21.02 s and 8.23 s, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of SWV in severe liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) was better than that of HVAT and HV-HAAT (Z=2.817 and 1.987, P＜0.05). Conclusion Compared with CEUS, VTQ technique has better diagnostic efficacy in assessing the degree of chronic hepatitis liver fibrosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of dexmedetomidine-esmolol combination therapy on metabolism and outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury undergoing decompression craniectomy XU Li, ZHANG Yu-kun, WU Jiang, CHEN Jun△, JI Fu-hai 2020, 48 (11):  1069-1073.  doi: 10.11958/20201675 Abstract ( 906 )   PDF (421KB) ( 5062 )   Objective　To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine-esmolol combination therapy on the lactic acid contents, the levels of S100B, intracranial pressure (ICP) and outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury undergoing decompression craniectomy. Methods　Sixty patients with severe craniocerebral trauma who underwent unilateral craniocerebral decompression from January 2015 to December 2018 were selected as the observation objects. According to the application of postoperative sedative drugs, the patients were divided into two groups: the co-treatment group of esmolol combined with dexmedetomidine (the co-treatment group, n=30) and the control group of dexmedetomidine alone (the control group, n=30). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected before treatment and on 1, 3 and 7 d after treatment. The lactic acid contents and the levels of S100B of the CSF were detected. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score and National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score were compared 14 d after treatment between the two groups. Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score were used to evaluate long-term outcome on 6 months after treatment. Results　After treatment, CSF lactic acid content and S100B level decreased significantly at 1, 3 and 7 d after treatment in co-treatment group than those of the control group (P＜0.05). The GCS score and NIHSS score were significantly higher at 14 d after treatment in the co-treatment group than those in the control group (P＜0.01). There was no significant difference in the GOS score within 6-month follow up between the two groups of patients (P＞0.05). Conclusion　Dexmedetomidine-esmolol combination therapy can reduce the levels of CSF lactic acid and S100B in patients with severe traumatic brain injury undergoing decompression craniectomy and improve the short-term outcome, but it has no significant effect on the long-term prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of tea polyphenols on early caries progression MA Li, CHEN Jing, GUO Ai-hua, ZHANG Xiang-yu△ 2020, 48 (11):  1074-1078.  doi: 10.11958/20200336 Abstract ( 801 )   PDF (452KB) ( 4330 )   Objective To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols on early dental caries progression. Methods An early caries model of enamel and dentin of bovine teeth was established by extracorporeal demineralization. The samples of enamel caries and dentin caries were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6): blank control group (DW group), sodium fluoride group (NaF group), tea polyphenol group (TP group) and tea polyphenols combined with sodium fluoride group (TP+NaF group). The pH circulation experiment was conducted to simulate the process of early caries. The concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in the demineralization solution after pH cycle were detected, and the microhardness of tooth surface was detected by surface microhardness tester. X-ray energy spectrum was used to analyze calcium-phosphate ratio on tooth surface, and the hydroxyproline level in the remineralization solution was determined. Results There was no significant difference in the release of calcium and phosphate ions of the demineralization solution of enamel and dentin between TP group and the DW group, which was significantly higher than that of NaF group and TP+NaF group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the microhardness of enamel surface between TP group and DW group, and the microhardness of dentin surface was higher than that of DW group. The microhardness of enamel and dentin surface was lower in DW group and TP group than that of NaF group and TP+NaF group (P＜0.05). Calcium-phosphate ratio of enamel and dentin surface was significantly higher in TP group than that in DW group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the calcium-phosphate ratio of enamel surface between TP group, NaF group and TP+NaF group, while the calcium-phosphate ratio of dentin surface was significantly lower in TP group than that of the NaF group and TP+NaF group (P＜0.05). The levels of hydroxyproline in dentin remineralization solution were significantly lower in NaF group and TP+NaF group than those of DW group and TP group (P＜0.05). There were no significant difference between TP group and DW group, and TP+NaFgroup and NaF group. Conclusion During the early caries progression, tea polyphenols dose not significantly inhibit enamel and dentin demineralization, but could promote the redeposition of calcium and phosphate ions, which can effectively delay the development of dental caries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio and prognosis in patients with metastatic gastric cancer LI Mei, ZHAO Feng△, YU Ting 2020, 48 (11):  1079-1082.  doi: 10.11958/20201022 Abstract ( 999 )   PDF (396KB) ( 5454 )   Objective　To study the relationship between neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the prognosis of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Methods　The clinical and pathological data of 148 patients with metastatic gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into high NLR group (NLR≥2.51, n=73) and low NLR group (NLR <2.51, n=75). The clinical pathological characteristics and overall survival rate were compared between the two groups of patients. Cox multivariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors affecting the overall survival rate of metastatic gastric cancer. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to make the survival curves of the two groups of patients. Results　The proportion of metastatic site≥2, liver metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, helicobacter pylori infection and CEA≥5 μg/L was significantly higher in high NLR group than that of low NLR group (P＜0.05). The results of survival analysis showed that the survival time was significantly shorter in the high NLR group than that of the low NLR group (10 months vs. 22 months, P＜0.05). The overall survival rates for 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up were significantly lower in patients in the high NLR group than those in the low NLR group (26.03% vs. 65.33%, 6.85% vs. 16.00%, 0 vs. 4.00%, P＜0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that liver metastasis, peritoneal metastasis and NLR≥2.51 were independent risk factors that affect the overall survival rate of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Conclusion　NLR can predict the long-term survival of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Patients with NLR≥2.51 have poor long-term survival. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of partial splenic artery embolization combined with endoscopic variceal ligation in the treatment of portal hypertension complicated with moderate-severe esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding XU Bai-guo, WANG Feng-mei△, HAN Tao, LI Jun 2020, 48 (11):  1082-1086.  doi: 10.11958/20200324 Abstract ( 714 )   PDF (422KB) ( 4358 )   Objective　To investigate the efficacy, safety and economy of endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation (EVL), gastric variceal sclerotherapy (GVS) combined with partial splenic embolization (PSE) for the treatment of moderate-severe esophageal and gastric varices (EGV) bleeding with portal hypertension (PH). Methods　Ninety-two hospitalized PH patients with definitely EGV bleeding history were recruited. Forty-three patients who received EVL/GVS combined with PSE were included in the observation group, and 49 patients received EVL/GVS alone were used as the control group. Data of the effects of operation on the cure rate, recurrence rate, re-bleeding rate, hospitalization days, safety and total cost of hospitalization in moderate-severe EGV patients were compared between the two groups. Results　There were no significant differences in the radical cure rate, recurrence rate and re-bleeding rate at the first and the 3rd month of treatment between the two groups (all P＞0.05). The radical cure rates of EGV were higher in the observation group than those in the control group at the 6th and 12th month (all P＜0.05). The recurrence rate and re-bleeding rate were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group (all P＜0.05). The total hospitalization expenses (unit:ten-thousand-yuan) and the total hospitalization days (unit:day) were both significantly reduced in the observation group (8.97 vs. 13.77, P＜0.01 and 27.0 vs. 43.0, P＜0.01) than those in the control group. Common complications of PSE were fever, abdominal pain, ascites, hydrothorax, abdominal infection, and the most serious complication was splenic abscess. Conclusion　The combination treatment of PSE and EVL/GVS shows better long-term efficacy in radical cure rate, notable lower recurrence rate, re-bleeding rate, total hospitalization costs and hospital stays than EVL/GVS alone for PH patients with moderate-severe esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding. The complications of PSE are controllable. Related Articles | Metrics

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The predictive value of absolute lymphocyte counts for relapse of primary immune thrombocytopenia in children JIANG Qi, LIU Wen-jun△ 2020, 48 (11):  1087-1091.  doi: 10.11958/20200450 Abstract ( 858 )   PDF (454KB) ( 5236 )   Objective To investigate the predictive value of absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) for the relapse of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in children. Methods The clinical data of 189 children with initial diagnosis of ITP whose therapeutic effect was complete response or response in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from August 1, 2013 to August 30, 2018, were retrospectively screened and analyzed. According to the optimal cut-off value of ALC by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which can predict the relapse of ITP, the children were divided into 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the non-relapse survival curves. The survival differences between two groups were compared by Log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis were performed respectively to find the factors influencing the relapse of ITP. Results A total of 60 children relapsed and the recurrence time was 10.19 (1.4, 11.83) months. ROC curve showed that area under the curve (AUC) of ITP recurrence predicted by ALC was 0.757, 95%CI was 0.685-0.830, P < 0.05. The optimal cut-off value of ALC was 3.08×109/L, sensitivity and specificity values were 0.600 and 0.775. Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that ALC ＜3.08×109/L was a risk factor for relapse in children with ITP (HR=2.468, 95%CI: 1.311-4.644, P＜0.05). Survival analysis concluded that non-relapse survival rate of ALC＜3.08×109/L group was significantly lower than ALC≥3.08×109/L group (Log-rank c2=24.313，P＜0.01). Conclusion ALC is a predicting factors for relapse in children with ITP. Related Articles | Metrics

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The prognostic value of serum heart-type fatty acid-binding protein in sepsis patients with acute kidney injury CAO Zhen, NI Chun-hua△ 2020, 48 (11):  1091-1095.  doi: 10.11958/20201628 Abstract ( 675 )   PDF (556KB) ( 4757 )   Objective To explore the predictive value of serum heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) level for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with sepsis. Methods A prospective research design method was used, and 135 patients with sepsis from the Department of Intensive Medicine of Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected. According to whether AKI occurred during hospitalization, patients were divided into non-AKI with sepsis group (75 cases) and AKI with sepsis group (60 cases). All patients were drawn 5ml of fasting venous blood within 24 hours after diagnosis, and the blood H-FABP was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Data of the age, gender, sequential organ failure score (SOFA), oxygenation index ［p（O2）/FiO2］, past medical history (hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease), vital signs (respiratory rate, heart rate, body temperature and mean arterial pressure), laboratory indicators [white blood cells, platelets, urea nitrogen, blood creatinine, C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)] and auxiliary means [(vascular rise compression, tracheal intubation, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)] were collected. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent risk factors for sepsis patients with AKI. Spearman correlation analysis showed the correlation between serum H-FABP and C-reactive protein, cTnI, NT-proBNP and SOFA score indicators. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the above five indicators were drawn to predict the predictive value of AKI, and the areas under the curve (AUC) were compared. Results (1) The data of the age, SOFA score, C-reactive protein, cTnI, NT-proBNP, H-FABP levels and the use of vasopressors and CRRT were significantly higher in the sepsis with AKI group than those in the sepsis with non-AKI group (all P＜0.01). (2) The AUC predicted by H-FABP (0.813, 95%CI：0.737-0.875) in sepsis patients with AKI was higher than that of C-reactive protein (0.624, 95%CI：0.537-0.706), cTnI (0.641, 95%CI：0.554-0.722) and NT-proBNP (0.660, 95%CI：0.574-0.739, P＞0.05). (3) NT-proBNP≥3 367 ng/L, H-FABP≥6.2 μg/L and SOFA score≥4 were independent risk factors for sepsis patients with AKI . (4) H-FABP was positively correlated with C-reactive protein, cTnI, NT-proBNP, and SOFA (rs=0.663, 0.688, 0.727and 0.490 respectively, P＜0.01). Conclusion H-FABP may be an effective predictor for septic patients with AKI, and its increased level indicates that the risk of septic patients with AKI is higher. Related Articles | Metrics

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A prospective cohort study of the effect of total cholesterol longitudinal trajectory on the new onset ischemia stroke in patients over 50 years of age HUANGFU Chun-mei, SONG Yong-jian, YUAN Jian-xin, YAN Li-li, YANG Na, LI Xue-mei△ 2020, 48 (11):  1096-1101.  doi: 10.11958/20200321 Abstract ( 763 )   PDF (451KB) ( 5646 )   Objective To explore the effect of total cholesterol (TC) longitudinal trajectory on the new onset ischemia stroke of the population over 50 years of age. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted based on kailuan research cohort. The population over 50 years of age (n=23 830) with complete TC data in the first, second and third measurements and no history of stroke before the third measurement was used as the observation population. According to the TC longitudinal trajectory, three TC trajectory groups were determined: low-stable group (n=9 699, 40.70%), medium-stable group (n=11 723, 49.19%) and high-stable group (n=2 408, 10.10%). The cumulative incidences of ischemic stroke in different TC trajectory groups were compared by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression model was used to analyze the effect of TC longitudinal trajectory on the ischemic stroke of the population over 50 years of age. Results During the follow-up (6.89±0.72) years, the cumulative incidences of ischemic stroke in the different TC trajectory groups were 4.42%, 4.88% and 5.72%, respectively, and Log-rank test showed that the differences between the three groups were statistically significant (χ2=8.234, P＜0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender and other influencing factors, the HR values (95%CI) of ischemic stroke were 1.222 (1.062-1.407) and 1.400 (1.122-1.747) in medium-stable and high-stable groups compared with those of low-stable group. After adjusting for baseline TC and the TC change value, respectively, the elevated TC longitudinal trajectory level was also the risk factor for ischemic stroke. These trends persisted in people who did not take lipid-lowering drugs. However, there were no significant differences in the levels of TC longitudinal trajectory on ischemic stroke of patients taking drug. Conclusion The elevated TC longitudinal trajectory level is a risk factor for ischemic stroke in the population over 50 years of age, which is independent to the baseline single TC measurement and change value. The use of lipid-lowering drugs can reduce the influence of the increased longitudinal trajectory level of TC on ischemic stroke in the population over 50 years old. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on the effect of complete endoscopic bilateral thyroidectomy using the sub-clavian approach HUANG Jian-kang, CHEN Chun-chun, ZHEN Wei-dong, WANG Su-hang, PENG De-feng, MA Xiao-kai, LI Yu-long, QIAN Jun△ 2020, 48 (11):  1101-1105.  doi: 10.11958/20201664 Abstract ( 1045 )   PDF (709KB) ( 4477 )   Objective　To explore the feasibility and safety of complete laparoscopy bilateral thyroid lobectomy through subclavian approach without inflation. Methods The clinical data of 43 patients with bilateral total thyroidectomy in the first ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from December 2019 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 13 cases underwent complete laparoscopy bilateral thyroid lobectomy (laparoscopy group) without gas-filled subclavian approach, and 30 cases underwent traditional open surgery (open group). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, parathormone (PTH) on the first postoperative day, postoperative hospital stay, surgical complications and cosmetic satisfaction were recorded in the two groups. Results　The age of the laparoscopy group (46.2±10.1) was less than that of the open group (57.4±7.9, P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in gender ratio, tumor diameter and tumor nature between two groups (P＞0.05). The operation time [(124.2±15.8) min vs. (92.9±9.7) min] and the amount of drainage fluid [(147.1±42.9) mL vs. (103.7±16.5) mL] were higher in the laparoscopy group than those in the open group (P＜0.05). The intraoperative blood loss [(26.1±8.5) mL vs. (37.0±10.9) mL] was less in the laparoscopy group than that of the open group. There were no significant differences in hospitalization time and postoperative PTH at first day of operation between the two groups (P＞0.05). The postoperative cosmetic satisfaction was higher in the endoscopic group than that of the open group (P＜0.05). Conclusion　The complete laparoscopy bilateral thyroid lobectomy without air-filled subclavian approach is safe, feasible and has a better cosmetic effect, which is worthy of promotion. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between homocysteine and cardiac diastolic function in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease WANG De-man, LI Juan, LI Lin, HOU Jing 2020, 48 (11):  1106-1110.  doi: 10.11958/20200639 Abstract ( 680 )   PDF (406KB) ( 5460 )   Objective To investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on cardiac diastolic function in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods A total of 182 T2DM patients admitted to our hospital were divided into non-NAFLD and non-HHcy group (group A, n=46), NAFLD and non-HHcy group (group B, n=48), non-NAFLD and HHcy group (group C, n=42) and NAFLD and HHcy group (group D, n=46). The influence of NAFLD and HHcy on clinical indicators was analyzed. Ninety-four T2DM patients with NAFLD were divided into the normal diastolic function group (E/A>0.8) and the abnormal diastolic function group (E/A≤0.8) according to the diastolic peak velocity in the early phase (E)/the diastolic peak velocity in the late phase (A). The clinical data between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of diastolic function in T2DM patients with NAFLD. Results The results of factorial analysis showed that NAFLD had significant effects on body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), E/A, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). HHcy showed significant effects on BMI, SBP, DBP, fasting blood glucose (FBG), FINS, HOMA-IR, CRP, LVMI and E/A. There was a interaction between them on SBP, FINS, HOMA-IR, CRP and E/A (P＜0.05). In 94 T2DM patients combined with NAFLD, the BMI, SBP, FINS, HOMA-IR, LVMI and incidence rate of HHcy were significantly higher in the E/A abnormal group than those in the normal group (P＜0.05). Regression analysis showed that HHcy was an independent risk factor for diastolic function in T2DM patients with NAFLD. Conclusion The diastolic function is significantly decreased in T2DM patients combined with NAFLD and HHcy. HHcy is an independent risk factor for decreasing diastolic function in T2DM patients combined with NAFLD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of multispectral retinal imaging and optical coherence tomography in screening of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy WANG Sha-sha, JIANG Bo, Jorge A. Trujillo Perdomo, LIAO Rong-feng△ 2020, 48 (11):  1110-1114.  doi: 10.11958/20201221 Abstract ( 716 )   PDF (976KB) ( 6060 )   Objective　To investigate the value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and multispectral fundus imaging system (MSI) in the screening of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Methods　A total of 118 eyes of 59 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NPDR were observed and studied. All the patients underwent fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), multispectral retinal imaging (MSI) and OCTA examination. The imaging features of four kinds of fundus lesions including microaneurysm, rigid exudation, velvety spot and hemorrhage in FFA, OCTA and MSI images of diabetic retinopathy (DR) affected eyes were recorded. The consistency of OCTA and MSI noninvasive examination and FFA in the above fundus changes was analyzed. Results　OCTA, MSI and FFA showed good consistency in detecting retinal microaneurysms in NPDR patients (Kappa: 0.783 and 0.815); OCTA and MSI sensitivity were 98.02% and 99.01%, specificity were both 76.47%, Youden index were 74.49% and 75.48%. OCTA and MSI showed good consistency in the detection of retinal hard exudation (Kappa: 0.836 and 0.891); OCTA and MSI sensitivity were 94.59% and 95.95%, specificity were 88.64% and 93.81%, Youden index were 83.23% and 89.13%. For cotton wool spots detection, OCTA and FFA showed poor consistency, and MSI and FFA showed general consistency (Kappa: 0.192 and 0.467). OCTA and MSI sensitivity were 75.00% and 83.33%, specificity were 66.98% and 87.50%, Youden index were 41.98% and 70.83%. OCTA and FFA were generally consistent in retinal hemorrhage, while OCTA and MSI showed good consistency (Kappa: 0.684 and 0.906); OCTA and MSI sensitivity were 93.41% and 96.70%, specificity were 74.07% and 96.30%, Yoden index were 67.48% and 93.00%. Conclusion　OCTA and MSI have high clinical value in the diagnosis of microaneurysms and rigid exudates in NPDR eyes. MSI is more advantageous than OCTA in the diagnosis of retinal hemorrhage. However, OCTA and MSI should be cautious in the diagnosis of cotton wool spots. Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanism of microRNAs in regulating signal pathways associated with colorectal cancer stem cells YUAN Tao, WEN Kun-ming△ 2020, 48 (11):  1115-1119.  doi: 10.11958/20201521 Abstract ( 770 )   PDF (387KB) ( 5970 )   The existence of cancer stem cells is the root cause of the occurrence, recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance of malignant tumors. However, currently there is no effective clinical treatment for cancer stem cells, so finding therapeutic targets for cancer stem cells is of great significance to guide the treatment of colorectal cancer and improve its prognosis. A large number of studies have showed that micro-ribonucleic acid (microRNAs) plays a key role in regulating colorectal cancer stem cells. This article summarizes the synthetic pathway and function of microRNAs and the related mechanism of regulating colorectal cancer stem cells through cancer stem cell-related signal pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation pathway. The more in-depth study of these microRNAs related to rectal cancer stem cells is expected to provide a new target and breakthrough point for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Post-translational modifications of proteins and irritable bowel syndrome WANG Yue-mei, ZHU Yuan-bing, WU Qiao-feng, , △ 2020, 48 (11):  1119-1124.  doi: 10.11958/20201235 Abstract ( 779 )   PDF (429KB) ( 4568 )   Post-translational modifications of proteins, as an important way to regulate protein function, are mainly catalyzed by enzymes that recognize specific target sequences in specific proteins. It affects different aspects of protein stability and activity, and is closely related to many important life activities. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal dysfunction disorder, and its pathogenesis has not been fully clarified. Studies have shown that many post-translational modifications of proteins, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation and glycosylation, play an important role in the development of IBS. This article summarizes several major protein modification types and their current research progress in IBS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the role of high mobility group box-1 in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury CHEN Chuan-bin, HUANG Feng△ 2020, 48 (11):  1125-1130.  doi: 10.11958/20201796 Abstract ( 814 )   PDF (409KB) ( 4872 )   The pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury is complex. Recent studies have shown that high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) plays an important role in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and is involved in inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy and other processes, which has become a potential intervention target for prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanism of HMGB1 in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction in gene therapy of myocardial infarction ZOU Yun-lei, LIU Xiao-hui, HU Bing, LIU Zhao-qi, ZHAO Yun△ 2020, 48 (11):  1131-1136.  doi: 10.11958/20200448 Abstract ( 898 )   PDF (476KB) ( 4897 )   Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the common causes of death worldwide. During myocardial infarction, due to the loss of the function of involved cardiomyocytes, the cardiac function is impaired and even develops into heart failure. The first-line treatment of AMI is the reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as soon as possible. However, the current clinical treatments such as surgery and drugs can not save the dead cardiomyocytes, and ventricular dysfunction may still occur after large area myocardial infarction. With the continuous development of life science, the targeted gene therapy is gradually used in clinic, which has become a possible and effective intervention for AMI. However, the efficiency of gene transmission to the target tissues still limits its application. Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) is a new technique for mediating gene transfection, which has potential therapeutic value in cardiovascular diseases by delivering genes to specific anatomical and pathological sites. This article reviews UTMD-mediated gene delivery in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Related Articles | Metrics