Abstract: In recent years, microRNAs were found to be one of the key factors in post transcriptional gene regulation which are involved in occurrence,development of many diseases. Peritoneal dialysis has become an effective alternative treatment approaches for patients with ESRD. Peritoneal fibrosis is one of the most important factors forced patients with ESRD to interrupt from long-term peritoneal dialysis, hence restricts the application and development of peritoneal dialysis.MicroRNAs are closely related to peritoneal fibrosis. This article reviews the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of peritoneal fibrosis.

Key words: microRNAs, retroperitoneal fibrosis, stromal cells, peritoneal dialysis, review, epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation