Abstract: Objective： to study the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cell (NSC) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) when two cells are co-culture. Methods： MSCs and NSCs labeling with BrdU markers are divided into six groups by their proportion, each group is divided into the proliferation and differentiation groups，each group are divided into 4 groups(3 and 7, 14 and 28 days). Proliferation group is stained by BrdU immunocytochemical staining, differentiation groups are stained by BrdU and GFAP，NSE，MAP2,GalC double immunocytochemical staining. Result: The bone marrow stromal cells can improve the differentiation of the neural stem cells. The proportion of each neuron and astrocytes can increase by more NSC. BMSC can be induced their differentiation into neuron-like and astrocytes by NSCs, Conclusion: Bone marrow stromal cells can induce the neural stem cells into neurons and part of them can be induced their differentiation into neuron-like and astrocytes by NSCs.

Key words: neural stem cell, bone marrow stromal cell, culture, vitro, rat