Abstract: Aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow failure syndrome with pancytopenia. Infection is the main cause of death in AA patients. As the immune compromise state in patients with AA is different from that of patients with neutropenia induced by chemotherapy, the infection caused by them is also different. Chronic granulocytic reduction is the most serious risk factor for invasive fungal and bacterial infections. The recovery of neutrophils can significantly improve survival. The supportive therapy during granulocytopenic period can play a significant role in protection. The most common invasive fungal infections are Aspergillus species, Candida spp., Zygomycetes, and Fusarium spp. Pathogenic bacteria associated with bacterial infection of AA patients include Staphylococcus species, Enterococcus, Staphylococus aureus, Clostridium spp,Micrococcus, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus. Gram-negative bacteria include Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Bacteroides fragilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas hydrophilia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio vulnificus. Viral infections are relatively rare, but herpes viruses, community-acquired respiratory virus infections and viral hepatitis A, B and C can occur in AA patients.

Key words: anemia, aplastic, infection, review